高屈光度眼用透镜的非球面化模式

本文研究高屈光度眼用透镜消除离轴像散的非球面化模式。借助数字例子的设计计算结果表明，眼用透镜的非球面化，不仅使“西林”椭圆曲线的图解技术得到了扩展，而且能利用非球面的偏心率有效控制高级像散，提高视觉成像质量。     

Influence of the refractive index and dispersion of spectacle lens on its imaging properties

The paper shows an influence of the refractive index and dispersion of the spectacle lens on its imaging properties. Relations are presented for calculation of radii of curvature of anastigmatic spectacle lenses and their chromatic aberration. Moreover, the formulas are derived for calculation of the change of astigmatism of spectacle lens due to dispersion of spectacle lens material.     

Cc,Cs, and parasitic correction in quadrupole probe-forming lenses

Approximate expressions are derived for the second and third order aberrations of a quadrupole doublet, allowing for aberrations intrinsic to fields of perfect symmetry, for parasitic aberrations of imperfect symmetry, and for compensating multipole lenses. Five third-order coefficients are found, and expressed in terms of four octopole strengths and the first-order parameters of the doublet as determined by its dimensions. For compensation of third-order aberrations of achromatic quadrupole/octopole lenses, either skew octopole lenses are required externally, or lenses with more than 8 poles are required coincident with the quadrupoles. If an octopole lens is added between the quadrupoles of the achromatic doublet, the spherical aberration of a condenser lens may be compensated. Such a Cs and Cc compensated quadrupole doublet is suitable for use as a probe-forming lens in focused ion beam systems and ion microscopes.     

渐进自由曲面镜片光学性能仿真方法研究

提出了一种渐进自由曲面镜片的光学性能仿真方法,能够在镜片的设计阶段对镜片的光焦度和散光分布进行仿真分析。采用双三次样条曲面拟合法,通过计算自由曲面镜片面型离散点数据局部点云拟合曲面的函数,得到曲面上各点的主曲率,进而得到渐进自由曲面镜片的光焦度和散光分布。结果显示仿真方法得到的镜片光焦度和散光分布图与基于莫尔偏折法原理的FFV软件仿真和实际加工得到镜片的测量结果相类似。     

Subjective evaluation of intraocular lenses by visual acuity measurement using adaptive optics

We present a new method for subjectively evaluating intraocular lenses (IOLs) without implantation surgery. To illustrate the method, three types of single-piece IOL (equispherical monofocal, rotational symmetric aspheric monofocal, and diffractive bifocal) were assembled into a model eye and evaluated using an ocular adaptive optics system by a single subject. To separate the spherical aberration of the crystalline lens, the subject's corneal topography and wavefront aberrations were measured and modeled. Three levels of Zernike spherical aberration were generated and superposed on the IOLs and the subject's eye. The corrected distance visual acuity was measured by psychophysical visual procedure.     

Chromatic aberrations of thin refractive variable-focus lens

We present an approach to an analysis of the third order chromatic aberrations of thin refractive fluid lenses with a variable focal length. A detailed theoretical analysis is performed for a simple fluidic variable-focus lens and formulas are derived for an optical design of such lenses. Aberration coefficients of the third order of the variable-focus lens can be completely characterized by three parameters which depend only on refractive indices of fluids forming the variable-focus lens. Formulas were derived for the change of the third-order aberration coefficients with the wavelength. Calculations are provided for Varioptic lens Arctic-416.     

Selection and optimization of mirror structure of off-axis two-mirror afocal system北大核心CSCD

According to the structural characteristics of aspheric off-axis two-mirror optical system, the imaging characteristics of the system were analyzed by using primary aberration theory. Based on the characteristics of different aspheric surfaces, the vector expression of system aberrations was derived. Using the Seidel coefficients, the primary wave aberration of systems were expanded and values of system aberration for different aspheric surface shapes were specifically calculated. After the evaluation index of the off-axis structure was determined, the imaging qualities of different surface shape combinations were compared. Then the optimal surface shape selection method was analyzed by quantitative comparison results. The results show that compared with other reflector combination methods, the spherical aberration, coma and astigmatism of the off-axis double paraboloid system are all 0, the wavefront RMS is much better than λ/14 (λ=0.587 6 μm), and the Strehl ratio is greater than 0.8. According to the calculation results, it not only has a stronger ability to suppress multiple primary aberrations, but also can effectively compress the volume of the system. Copyright ©2022 Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

CCD摄像机大视场光学镜头的设计

为提高CCD摄像机的成像质量，同时使镜头结构紧凑、小型化，在大视场光学镜头的设计中，引入标准二次曲面和偶次非球面。根据初级像差理论，分析了非球面的位置、初始结构参数的求解规律。通过理论计算和ZEMAX光学设计软件的优化，给出工作波长为0.4～0.7μm、全视场角为80°，相对孔径为1∶1.5的镜头设计实例。该镜头由7块镜片组成，包括一个标准二次曲面和两个8次方非球面；在40lp/mm空间频率处的MTF值超过0.85，全视场畸变小于3％，像质优良     

Hybrid triplet objective with optimum aberration correction

This paper is devoted to the design of a hybrid triplet objective consisting of two refractive lenses and a diffractive element analogous to holographic lens. The possibilities of correcting field aberrations are discussed.Several exemplary solutions of achromatic, apochromatic and quasi-superachromatic hybrid objectives with corrected average field curvature or astigmatism are presented. In the best designs coma is also substantially minimized.     

Fourth order correction to a paraxial Gaussian beam in a rotationally symmetric system of non-spherical surfaces

We formulate the fourth order correction to a paraxial Gaussian beam propagating through a non-spherical surface system that is rotationally symmetric. First we represent the Gaussian beam by a complex-source-point spherical wave (CSPSW). Next we examine the evolution of the CSPSW through the non-spherical surface system by applying a Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral. We find a ray-optical solution to the diffraction integral in terms of both the conic constant and the aspheric coefficient of fourth order. Then we numerically evaluate the quality factor of the fourth order-corrected beam propagating through either an aspheric mirror or a thin lens made up of two non-spherical surfaces. The fourth order formulas derived here can be useful in determining the quality factor of the Gaussian beam degraded by a rotationally symmetric system of non-spherical surfaces.     

基于波前像差的个性化人工晶体设计

在个性化人眼光学结构的基础上,运用ZEMAX软件的优化功能,设计了符合实际人眼光学特性的个性化人工晶体。该人工晶体不仅可以矫正离焦和像散,还引入了非球面可以矫正人眼的球差。文中将个性化人工晶体优化后得到的屈光度与经验公式计算得到的屈光度作了比较,在经验公式0.25D精确度的基础上有了提高,并直观地描述了个性化人工晶体植入前后人眼调制度和分辨率的变化情况。对样本人眼矫正后人眼分辨率最大变化由28 L/mm提高到118 L/mm,调制度由0.02提高至0.51。分析结果表明,个性化植入人工晶体的方法可以提高人眼矫正的精确度,不同人眼的波前特性不同,矫正效果也有相应的差异。     

Study on differential algebraic method for electron optical properties of wide electron beams in immersion electrostatic-magnetic lenses

Differential algebraic method for calculation of electron optical properties is extended to wide electron beams in combined immersion electrostatic-magnetic lenses, based on Taylor series expansion of the differential algebraic data structure of wide electron beam focusing systems. Higher order aberrations referred to off-axis central trajectories are calculated and this makes the evaluation of wide electron beam focusing properties much simplified with high-enough precision. A program was written, and a specific combined immersion electrostatic-magnetic lens is calculated as an example. Computed results show that the second aperture aberrations referred to off-axis central trajectories of the system of the primary one, whereas the third- and over third-order ones only play a secondary role.     

左手性介质透镜系统的赛德尔像差特性研究

根据初级像差理论，系统研究了由左手性介质构造的透镜系统的赛德尔像差特性.分析了左手性介质单折射曲面的赛德尔像差特性，发现其消初级球差的曲面类型比普通介质更为灵活且可用于实成像系统.依据薄透镜赛德尔和数公式，分析和设计了三种只有左手性介质才具备的可消部分赛德尔像差的薄透镜结构参数，提出了几种能同时消除全部五种赛德尔像差的由左手性介质构造的透镜组合系统.研究表明左手性介质相对于普通介质在消像差方面存在较大优势，在光学设计时可以采用更少的折射表面个数或更简单的表面形状即可到达同等的成像性能.     

Differential algebraic method for arbitrary-order chromatic aberration analysis of electrostatic lenses

In this paper, differential algebra is applied to calculate arbitrary high-order chromatic aberrations of electrostatic electron lenses. Expressions of differential algebraic form of high-order combined chromatic aberration coefficients are obtained and arbitrary-order chromatic aberrations can be calculated numerically. As an example, a typical Schiske's electrostatic lens has been studied. All the first- to third-order chromatic aberration coefficients of the lens have been calculated, and the pattern of the first-order chromatic aberration has been given as well.     

Vision improvement by correcting higher-order aberrations with customized soft contact lenses in keratoconic eyes

Higher-order aberration correction in abnormal eyes can result in significant vision improvement, especially in eyes with abnormal corneas. Customized optics such as phase plates and customized contact lenses are one of the most practical, nonsurgical ways to correct these ocular higher-order aberrations. We demonstrate the feasibility of correcting higher-order aberrations and improving visual performance with customized soft contact lenses in keratoconic eyes while compensating for the static decentration and rotation of the lens. A reduction of higher-order aberrations by a factor of 3 on average was obtained in these eyes. The higher-order aberration correction resulted in an average improvement of 2.1 lines in visual acuity over the conventional correction of defocus and astigmatism alone.     

声光可调谐滤波器成像光谱仪非球面光学系统设计

基于声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)的工作原理,设计了一套工作在440～780nm的光谱成像光学系统。该光学系统通过引入一面偶次非球面提高了系统的成像质量,简化了镜头的结构,提高了光学系统的透射率。前置光学系统采用由一组双胶合透镜构成的像方远心光路。后置成像光学系统由一组三胶合透镜构成,其中包含一面非球面,根据非球面变形系数与初级像差间的贡献关系,完成了非球面及其位置的优化和对AOTF的+1级衍射光成像。光学系统在32lp/mm的空间频率下的调制传递函数(MTF)大于0.6,像质优良,加工装调公差适中。     

头盔式单目微光夜视仪中光学系统的设计

为提高头盔式单目微光夜视仪中光学系统的成像质量，并满足夜视仪结构紧凑、质量小的指标要求，提出在微光夜视仪光学系统设计中引入高次项非球面透镜的设计方法。针对具体的头盔式微光夜视仪，根据微光物镜、目镜系统技术参数计算理论，确定该微光夜视仪光学系统的技术参数，应用光学设计软件ZEMX上机调试，并在光学系统设计中引入高次非球面透镜，使物镜系统镜片数由原来的9片减少为6片，目镜系统由原来的9片减少为7片，简化了结构，并提高了成像质量。设计结果表明：在头盔式微光夜视系统中采用非球面透镜可以提高系统成像质量，简化系统结构。     

高变倍比数码变焦镜头设计

为提高变焦距系统的工作性能,使其在大视场时仍具有良好的像质,且系统结构简单,易于机械设计、加工及装调,在设计中引入了传统球面光学设计与非球面相结合的设计思想。选择4个焦距位置进行设计计算,用光学设计软件ZEMAX上机调试,设计了焦距为6.9mm～91.6mm,视场5°～60°的变焦系统,整个系统由4组12片透镜组成,其中包括3个非球面,系统具有变倍比高、视场大等特点。设计结果表明：在设计中采用非球面可使系统结构紧凑,系统成像质量得到提高。     

Design of the aspheric Schwarzschild lens for a nanolithographer with the operating wavelength λ = 13.5 nm

The design of an aspheric Schwarzschild lens applicable to a nanolithographic test bench with an operating wavelength of 13.5 nm is discussed. Lenses with numerical apertures of 0.3 and 0.4 are examined. The influence of lens aberrations and deviations of optical scheme parameters from rated values on the image quality is analyzed.