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1.
The system CsCl-SbCl3-HOAc (25`C) has been studied. Solubilities of this system were measured at 25 +/- 0.05`C(Table 1 in Chinese Text) and the corresponding equilibrium diagram was constructed There are 5 solid phases in the system: two original salts (CsCl, SbCl3), two double salts (3CsCl.SbCl3, 3CsCl.2SbCl3) and a ternary compound (CsCl.5SbCl3.4HOAc) which was shown to be present for the first time. The region of 3CsCl.2SbCl3 is predominantly large in the phase diagram. 3CsCl.2SbCl3 is soluble congruently, while 3CsCl.SbCl3 and CsCl.5SbCl3.4HOAc are soluble incongruently in HOAc. In air, the double salts are stable, but the solvate compound decomposes easily with the formation of 3CsCl.2SbCl3. A metastable phase 5CsCl.2SbCl3 was found, and its solubilities were determined at the same temperature (Table 2). It is stable in air, but under certain conditions it changes into 3CsCl.2SbCl3. No 7CsCl.5SbCl3 was found. This work presents a new method for preparing 3CsCl.SbCl3 in addition to that reported by G. Jander and E.Martineau. The results of this work present a profitable basis of the phase diagram for extracting CsCl from pollucite and analysing Cs with SbCl3.  相似文献   

2.
The preparation and structure determinations of the crystalline salts [3,3'-H(2)bipy][PtCl(4)] (2), [2,2'-H(2)bipy][PtCl(4)] (3) and [1,4'-Hbipy][PtCl(4)] (4) and [3,3'-H(2)bipy][SbCl(5)] (6) and [1,4'-Hbipy][SbCl(5)] (8) are reported. In addition a redetermination of the structure of the metastable salt [4,4'-H(2)bipy][SbCl(5)] (5 b) in the corrected space group Pbcm is described. These structures are compared to those of the known salt [4,4'-H(2)bipy][PtCl(4)] (1), the stable triclinic form of [4,4'-H(2)bipy][SbCl(5)] (5 a) and [2,2'-H(2)bipy][SbCl(5)] (7). In the case of the salts of the rigid [PtCl(4)](2-) ion, structures 2, 3 and 4 are essentially isostructural despite the differing hydrogen-bonding capability of the cations. Similarly, among the salts of [SbCl(5)](2-) ions, structures 7 and 8 are essentially isostructural. Structure 6 differs from these in having a differing pattern of aggregation of the [SbCl(5)](2-) ions to form polymeric rather than tetrameric units. It is evident that local hydrogen-bonding interactions, although significant, are not the only or even the decisive influence on the crystal structures formed by these salts. These observations are not in good accord with the heuristic "sticky tecton" or supramolecular synthon models for synthetic crystallography or crystal engineering.  相似文献   

3.
报道具有松散配位的三核钼簇合物{Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3[S2P(OEt)2]4.L(L'=H2O,C3H3ON,和SbCl3在HCl-EtOH中加合反应及其产物{Mo3(μ3-S)[(μ-S)3.SbCl3].[S2P(OEt)2]4(C2H5OH)}(C2H5OH)和{Mo3(μ3-S)[(μ-S)3.SbCl3][S2P(OEt)2]3[SXP(OEt)2].(C3H3ON)}(X=S,O)的晶体结构。结构测定结果表明,这两个加合物的分子由{Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3[S2P(OEt)2]4.L(L=C2H5OH,C3H3ON)通过三个(μ-S)联结SbCl3而成,从而获得了{Mo3SbS4}的类立方烷簇胳构型,Sb一S之间存在较弱的配位键, 由此推断,若加合的金属原子的轨道和电子组态适宜,有可能通过这种[3+1]的成簇模式获得四核的同核或异核簇合物。  相似文献   

4.
An operationally simple and efficient workup method for tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF)-mediated t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) deprotection has been developed. The procedure includes addition of a sulfonic acid resin and calcium carbonate, followed by filtration and evaporation. This method eliminates the tedious aqueous-phase extraction process to remove excess TBAF and materials derived from TBAF, thereby making the protocol highly amenable to multiple TBS deprotections. Its efficiency and usefulness were demonstrated by using the transformation of 1a to 3a in the halichondrin synthesis. [reaction: see text].  相似文献   

5.
The structure of N,N-dimethylethylenediammonium pentachloroantimonate(III), [(CH3)2NH(CH2)2NH3][SbCl5], NNDP, was investigated at 100 and 15 K at ambient pressure, as well as at pressures up to 4.00 GPa at room temperature in the diamond-anvil cell. The stable structure at low temperatures and low pressures consists of isolated [SbCl5]2- anions and [(CH3)2NH(CH2)2NH3]2+ cations. The inorganic anions have a distorted square pyramidal geometry. They are arranged in linear chains parallel to the c axis. In contrast to the low-temperature studies, where no phase transition was detected, pressure induces a P2(1)/c --> P2(1)/n phase transition between 0.55 and 1.00 GPa, accompanied by a doubling of the a unit-cell parameter. This solid-solid transition results from changes in the electron configuration of the Sb(III) atom and formation of the Sb-Cl bridging bonds between inorganic polyhedra to form, at approximately 1.0 GPa, isolated [Sb2Cl10]4- units consisting of [SbCl6]3- octahedra and [SbCl5]2- square pyramids connected by a common corner. The intermolecular distances continuously decrease with further increase in pressure, and at approximately 3.1 GPa, zigzag [{SbCl5}n]2n- chains containing corner-sharing [SbCl6]3- octahedra are formed. The unit-cell volume of NNDP decreases by 18.15% between room pressure and 4.00 GPa. The linear distortions of the [SbCl5]2- and [SbCl6]3- polyhedra decrease with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature and indicate a reduction in the stereochemical activity of the lone electron pair on the Sb(III) atom.  相似文献   

6.
α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、苧烯阳离子聚合的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
比较了萜烯单体α 蒎烯、β 蒎烯、烯的阳离子聚合性能,还考察了这三种单体的活性聚合可能性.在Lewis酸AlCl3作用下,聚合速率大小顺序为:β 蒎烯>烯>α 蒎烯.α 蒎烯、烯的聚合产物分子量较低;β 蒎烯的聚合产物分子量较高.AlCl3与SbCl3复合后,α 蒎烯、烯的聚合速率增加,β 蒎烯的聚合速率反而下降.α 蒎烯的聚合速率增加幅度大于烯,使得前者聚合速率高于后者.与使用AlCl3相比,添加SbCl3后产物的分子量变化是:α 蒎烯变大,烯不变,β 蒎烯则变小.添加SbCl3对β 蒎烯、烯的聚合物结构无影响,而α 蒎烯聚合产物的结构则发生显著变化.活性较高的β 蒎烯在适当的引发体系,如苯乙烯 HCl加成物/TiCl3(OiPr)作用下,可以实现活性聚合.α 蒎烯、烯则由于本身单体活性太小,难以实现活性聚合.  相似文献   

7.
By employing tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as a catalyst, the various carboxylative cyclizations of the propargylic amines having internal alkynes with CO2 proceeded to afford the corresponding 2-oxazolidinones. In this case, it was also found that the generated 2-oxazolidinones were tautomerized into the corresponding 2-oxazolones due to the basicity of TBAF. In addition, we performed the synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione from 2-aminobenzonitrile and CO2 by using TBAF as a catalyst.  相似文献   

8.
研究了三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅酯/三氯化锑((CH3)3SiOSO2CF3/SbCl3)复合引发体系对1,3 戊二烯的聚合行为.在(CH3)3SiOSO2CF3引发剂中加入SbCl3后,使聚合反应速率提高了24倍,产率从(CH3)3SiOSO2CF3引发的55%提高到80%以上,分子量提高17倍.在聚合体系中加入酮类后,产率和分子量相对于(CH3)3SiOSO2CF3/SbCl3配比为02:1时引发所得聚合物均呈下降趋势;但对不同的酮来说,随着酮的位阻的增大,聚合物的产率和分子量均增大.聚合物的1H NMR图和红外谱图数据均证明该聚合反应是通过(CH3)3SiOSO2CF3与体系中残存的水水解所形成的质子酸HOSO2CF3与SbCl3反应所形成的复合体系引发进行的.  相似文献   

9.
A new supramolecular compound, {[2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazoleH2]2 ·[SbCl5]2-}2, was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of o-diaminobenzene, 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid and SbCl3 in 1:1 HCl solution, and characterized by chemical analysis, elemental analysis, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis and fluorescence spectra. The crystal structure was deter- mined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, with a = 16.0397(13), b = 14.3189(12), c = 15.6370(13) (A), β = 105.8980(10)°, V = 3454.0(5) (A)3, Z = 4, C24H22Cl10N6Sb2, Mr = 992.48, Dc = 1.909 g/cm3, μ = 2.366 mm-1, S = 1.010, F(000) = 1920, R = 0.0254 and wR = 0.0555. The coordination anion, [SbCl5]2- which is a distorted tetragonal pyramid, is composed by coordinating action with Sb3 ion and five adjacent chloride ions. Every four coordination anions of [SbCl5]2- form a biquaternion ring structure through the secondary bonding of Sb…C1.Moreover,the compund adopts a three-dimensional network supramolecular structure because of the hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking between the rings and the 2-(2-pyridy1)benzimidazole divalent cations.The title compound also shows godd fluorescent behaviors.  相似文献   

10.
本文测定了三元体系NH4Cl-SbCl3-HOAc在25℃时平衡态和介稳态的溶度及部分饱和溶液的折光指数, 并绘制了相应的溶度图. 体系在稳定平衡态时有五种固相: NH4Cl、SbCl3(原始盐), 5NH4Cl-SbCl3(1)、2NH4Cl-SbCl3.5HOAc(2)和5NH4Cl-3SbCl3.2.5HOAc(3)(复盐). 一支介稳溶度曲线所对应的固相是3NH4Cl.SbCl3(4). 本文初步描述了以上四种复盐的一些物理化学性质. 体系中合成的二元复盐1和溶剂合复盐2与3文献中均未见报道. 本文提供了一种制备3NH4Cl.SbCl3的新方法.  相似文献   

11.
The stable salts, SbCl(4)(+)Sb(OTeF(5))(6)(-) and SbBr(4)(+)Sb(OTeF(5))(6)(-), have been prepared by oxidation of Sb(OTeF(5))(3) with Cl(2) and Br(2), respectively. The SbBr(4)(+) cation is reported for the first time and is only the second example of a tetrahalostibonium(V) cation. The SbCl(4)(+) cation had been previously characterized as the Sb(2)F(11)(-), Sb(2)Cl(2)F(9)(-), and Sb(2)Cl(0.5)F(10.5)(-) salts. Both Sb(OTeF(5))(6)(-) salts have been characterized in the solid state by low-temperature Raman spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Owing to the weakly coordinating nature of the Sb(OTeF(5))(6)(-) anion, both salts are readily soluble in SO(2)ClF and have been characterized in solution by (121)Sb, (123)Sb, and (19)F NMR spectroscopy. The tetrahedral environments around the Sb atoms of the cations result in low electric field gradients at the quadrupolar (121)Sb and (123)Sb nuclei and correspondingly long relaxation times, allowing the first solution NMR characterization of a tetrahalocation of the heavy pnicogens. The following crystal structures are reported: SbCl(4)(+)Sb(OTeF(5))(6)(-), trigonal system, space group P&thremacr;, a = 10.022(1) ?, c = 18.995(4) ?, V = 1652.3(6) ?(3), D(calc) = 3.652 g cm(-)(3), Z = 2, R(1) = 0.0461; SbBr(4)(+)Sb(OTeF(5))(6)(-), trigonal system, space group P&thremacr;, a = 10.206(1) ?, c = 19.297(3) ?, V = 1740.9(5) ?(3), D(calc) = 3.806 g cm(-)(3), Z = 2, R(1) = 0.0425. The crystal structures of both Sb(OTeF(5))(6)(-) salts are similar and reveal considerably weaker interactions between anion and cation than in previously known SbCl(4)(+) salts. Both cations are undistorted tetrahedra with bond lengths of 2.221(3) ? for SbCl(4)(+) and 2.385(2) ? for SbBr(4)(+). The Raman spectra are consistent with undistorted SbX(4)(+) tetrahedra and have been assigned under T(d)() point symmetry. Trends within groups 15 and 17 are noted among the general valence force constants of the PI(4)(+), AsF(4)(+), AsBr(4)(+), AsI(4)(+), SbCl(4)(+) and SbBr(4)(+) cations, which have been calculated for the first time, and the previously determined force constants for NF(4)(+), NCl(4)(+), PF(4)(+), PCl(4)(+), PBr(4)(+), and AsCl(4)(+), which have been recalculated for the P and As cations in the present study. The SbCl(4)(+) salt is stable in SO(2)ClF solution, whereas the SbBr(4)(+) salt decomposes slowly in SO(2)ClF at room temperature and rapidly in the presence of Br(-) ion and in CH(3)CN solution at low temperatures. The major products of the decompositions are SbBr(2)(+)Sb(OTeF(5))(6)(-), as an adduct with CH(3)CN in CH(3)CN solvent, and Br(2).  相似文献   

12.
The preparation and characterization of the beta-oxochlorin derivative [3,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-(3H)-porphin-2-onato(2-)]iron(III) chloride, [Fe(oxoOEC)(Cl)], and its pi-cation radical derivative [Fe(oxoOEC.)(Cl)]SbCl6 is described. Both compounds have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations, IR, UV/vis/near-IR, and M?ssbauer spectroscopies, and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements. The macrocycles of [Fe(oxoOEC)(Cl)] and [Fe(oxoOEC.)(Cl)]SbCl6 are both saddled, and [Fe(oxoOEC.)(Cl)]-SbCl6 is slightly ruffled as well. [Fe(oxoOEC)(Cl)] shows a laterally shifted dimeric unit in the solid state, with a mean plane separation of 3.39 A and a lateral shift of 7.39 A. Crystal data for [Fe(oxoOEC)(Cl)]: triclinic, space group P1, Z = 2, a = 9.174(2) A, b = 13.522(3) A, c = 14.838(3) A, alpha = 95.79(3) degrees, beta = 101.46(2) degrees, gamma = 104.84(3) degrees. Upon oxidation, the inter-ring geometric parameters increase; the mean plane separation and the lateral shift of the dimeric unit of [Fe(oxoOEC.)(Cl)]SbCl6 are 4.82 and 8.79 A, respectively. Crystal data for [Fe(oxoOEC.)(Cl)]SbCl6: monoclinic, space group Cc, Z = 4, a = 19.8419(13) A, b = 10.027(2) A, c = 22.417(4) A, beta = 96.13(2) degrees. A broad near-IR absorption band appears at 1415 nm for the pi-cation radical, [Fe(oxoOEC.)(Cl)]SbCl6. Zero-field M?ssbauer measurements at 4.2 K for both [Fe(oxoOEC)(Cl)] and [Fe(oxoOEC.)(Cl)]SbCl6 confirmed that the oxidation state of the iron atom did not change upon chemical oxidation. Solid-state magnetic susceptibility measurements for [Fe(oxoOEC.)(Cl)]SbCl6 resulted in a large temperature dependence of the magnetic moment that can best be fit with a model that includes a zero-field splitting parameter of D = 6 cm-1, antiferromagnetic intermolecular iron-iron coupling (2JFe-Fe = -0.14 cm-1), antiferromagnetic intramolecular iron-radical coupling (2JFe-r = -76 cm-1), and antiferromagnetic radical-radical coupling (2Jr-r = -13 cm-1).  相似文献   

13.
The novel solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/tetrabutylammonium fluoride trihydrate (TBAF . 3H(2)O) was studied for acetylation of linters cellulose. In order to control the degree of substitution (DS), acetylation of the macromolecule was carried out at different reaction time and temperature, molar ratio of reactants, as well as under variation of the concentration of TBAF . 3H(2)O in solution. Cellulose acetate (CA) was accessible with DS ranging from 0.43 to 2.77. The change in concentration of TBAF . 3H(2)O in DMSO showed a strong influence on DS. The most appropriate reaction conditions for acetylation of linters cellulose regarding maximal DS were evaluated. The structure of the CA was characterized by means of FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The solubility of the CA depends not only on the DS but also on the reaction conditions applied, indicating a different distribution of acetate moieties both within and between polymer chains.  相似文献   

14.
SbCl(N3)2 was synthesized by the reaction of two equivalents of sodium azide with SbCl3 in CH2Cl2. The structure of the compound was determined by X‐ray structure determination. SbCl(N3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 11.694(4), b = 7.751(4) and c = 12.241(5) Å, β = 100.45(1)°, with 8 formula units per unit cell. The SbCl(N3)2 molecules show interactions to form chains. The frequencies obtained by Raman and infrared spectroscopy were assigned to the normal modes of the SbCl(N3)2 molecules in comparison with computational results.  相似文献   

15.
The molecular structure of the formal iron(IV) porphyrinate derivative, [[Fe(TTP)]2N]SbCl6 (TTP = tetratolylporphyrinate), is reported. The structural parameters are compared to the previously reported species [Fe(TPP)]2N, in which the iron oxidation state is +3.5. Both the equatorial and axial bond distances in [[Fe(TTP)]2N]SbCl6 are slightly shortened and consistent with an increased formal charge on iron. The value for the axial Fe-N distance is 1.6280(7) A, and the average value of the equatorial Fe-Np distances is 1.979(5) A. The M?ssbauer isomer shift decreases upon oxidation, again consistent with an increase in formal charge. Values for the isomer shift at room temperature are -0.13 mm/s for [[Fe(TTP)]2N]SbCl6 and 0.04 mm/s for [Fe(TTP)]2N. Crystal data for [[Fe(TTP)]2N]SbCl6 are as follows: orthorhombic, space group Fddd, Z = 8, a = 23.689(2) A, b = 31.056(3) A, c = 22.7788(18) A.  相似文献   

16.
The new Ar-BIAN complexes [(mes-BIAN)InCl(3)(THF)] (1), [(mes-BIAN)(2)Tl][PF(6)] (2), [(dipp-BIAN)SnCl(4)] (3), [(dipp-BIAN)SbCl(3)] (4), [(dipp-BIAN)BiCl(3)] (5) and [(mes-BIAN)BiCl(3)] (6) have been prepared by treatment of the neutral mes- and dipp-substituted BIAN ligands with the p-block reagents InCl(3), TlPF(6), SnCl(4), SbCl(3), and BiCl(3). The molecular structures of complexes 1-6 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. However, only the atom connectivity was established for 5.  相似文献   

17.
The combination of (Bu(3)Sn)(2) and TBAF has been shown to reduce aromatic bromides and iodides in excellent yields under mild conditions. When the residual water in TBAF is exchanged for D(2)O, the halogen is replaced by a deuterium atom.  相似文献   

18.
A synthesis of enantiopure 19-nor-Vitamin D(3) and its C-2 substituted cyclic phosphate analogs is achieved via in situ trapping of an α-sulfonyl anion with a CD-ring allyl chloride and 1,2-eliminative desulfonylation exploiting the basic properties of TBAF. The A-ring is prepared via anti-selective dithiane addition to vinyl sulfone and LiBH(4) mediated sequential bis reduction of an epoxy vinyl sulfone.  相似文献   

19.
The reactions of the chemical warfare agents (CWAs) 2,2'-dichloroethyl sulfide (HD), O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)-ethyl methylphosphonothioate (VX) and isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) with various metal oxide-supported quaternary ammonium fluorides (QAF) and/or potassium fluoride (KF) reagents are described. These active sorbents, which were prepared by a modified procedure, include alumina, silica and titania, enriched with "available" (not bound to the surface) fluoride ions. Alumina-based fluoride reagents were found to be more active than their silica or titania counterparts. QAF/Al(2)O(3) reagents, compared to KF/Al(2)O(3), exhibit an exceptional reactivity toward HD, as demonstrated both in reaction rates and product identity. For example, with TBAF, t(1/2) is 15 min for the formation of the elimination product divinyl sulfide (DVS), while with KF, t(1/2) is 10 h for the formation of the hydrolysis product thiodiglycol (TDG). On the other hand, both sorbents reacted similarly against the nerve agents GB or VX. In order to increase the "available" fluoride content on the solid surface, the mixed active sorbent TBAF/KF/Al(2)O(3) (20/20/60) was developed. On this powder, all three CWAs were degraded instantaneously at the low loading of 1 wt% (t(1/2) < 2 min) and rapidly at the higher loadings of 5-10 wt% (t(1/2) of minutes scale). We assume that the relatively large amount of inorganic fluoride (KF) acts synergistically as a reservoir for the more reactive organic fluorides (TBAF). Moreover, the alumina surface hydroxyl groups may also operate as a water reservoir for the hydrolysis of VX or GB. Therefore, TBAF/KF/Al(2)O(3) might be considered as a promising destructive sorbent for CWAs.  相似文献   

20.
Treatment of 2,2,4,4‐tetramethylcyclobutane‐1,3‐dione ( 6 ) in THF with CF3SiMe3 in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) yielded the corresponding 3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐3‐[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]cyclobutanone 7 (Scheme 1) via nucleophilic addition of a CF anion at the CO group and subsequent silylation of the alcoholate. Under similar conditions, the ‘monothione' 1 reacted to give thietane derivative 8 (Scheme 2), whereas in the case of ‘dithione' 2 only the dispirodithietane 9 , the dimer of 2 , was formed (Scheme 3). A conceivable mechanism for the formation of 8 is the ring opening of the primarily formed CF3 adduct A followed by ring closure via the S‐atom (Scheme 2). In the case of thiobenzophenones 4 , complex mixtures of products were obtained including diarylmethyl trifluoromethyl sulfide 10 and 1,1‐diaryl‐2,2‐difluoroethene 11 (Scheme 4). Obviously, competing thiophilic and carbophilic addition of the CF anion took place. The reaction with 9H‐fluorene‐9‐thione ( 5 ) yielded only 9,9′‐bifluorenylidene ( 14 ; Scheme 6); this product was also formed when 5 was treated with TBAF alone. Treatment of 4a with TBAF in THF gave dibenzhydryl disulfide ( 15 ; Scheme 7), whereas, under similar conditions, 1 yielded the 3‐oxopentanedithioate 17 (Scheme 9). The reaction of dithione 2 with TBAF led to the isomeric dithiolactone 16 (Scheme 8), and 3 was transformed into 1,2,4‐trithiolane 18 (Scheme 10).  相似文献   

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