仿视网膜探测器在相向运动中的仿真成像研究

成像过程中,被摄像目标与摄像机之间的相向运动会造成图像的辐射状模糊。根据相向运动成像特点给出了仿视网膜探测器像元布局的初始结构,建立了其在相向运动成像过程中的成像仿真模型。由仿真实验结果建立了探测器结构参数、模糊度及成像质量三者的关系,验证了仿视网膜探测器在高速相向运动成像中的优势,为仿视网膜探测器的设计奠定了基础。     

基于透镜畸变效应的仿人眼扫描系统设计

仿人眼扫描具有旋转与尺度不变性、背景信息压缩及变分辨率信息采集等优点,但传统的仿人眼扫描方法存在系统结构复杂、扫描速度慢等缺点,提出一种基于透镜畸变实现扫描环增长,采用阿贝棱镜旋转实现对目标视场扫描的仿人眼扫描方法。利用透镜畸变对不同视场下入射光斑进行放大,进而实现仿人眼光斑结构。通过物像关系求解透镜初始参数,将仿人眼扫描光斑的环间增长系数作为透镜畸变优化目标函数,对透镜参数进行非球面优化,获得透镜结构参数。设计的仿人眼扫描系统焦距为14.24 mm,工作距离为25 mm。仿真结果表明:入射高度为20 mm的1×16线阵激光能够对直径为27.66 mm的像面实现16环仿人眼扫描,扫描光斑的最大环增长系数为1.08。相比于传统仿人眼扫描方式,此文提出的方法具有成本低、结构简单、扫描速度快等优点。     

Round-trip imaging through scattering media based on optical transmission matrix

Traditional one-way imaging methods become invalid when a target object is completely hidden behind scattering media. In this case, it has been much more challenging, since the light wave is distorted twice.To solve this problem, we propose an imaging method, so-called round-trip imaging, based on the optical transmission matrix of the scattering medium. We show that the object can be recovered directly from the distorted output wave, where no scanning is required during the imaging process. We predict that this method might improve the imaging speed and have potential application for real-time imaging.     

Laboratory soft-x-ray microscope for cryotomography of biological specimens

Soft-x-ray cryotomography allows quantitative and high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of intact unstained cells. To date, the method relies on synchrotron-radiation sources, which limits accessibility for researchers. Here we present a laboratory water-window microscope for cryotomography. It is based on a λ=2.48 nm liquid-jet laser-plasma source, a normal-incidence multilayer condenser, a 30 nm zone-plate objective, and a cryotilt sample holder. We demonstrate high-resolution imaging, as well as quantitative tomographic imaging, of frozen intact cells. The reconstructed tomogram of the intracellular local absorption coefficient shows details down to ～100 nm.     

Three-dimensional visualization of objects in scattering medium using integral imaging and spectral analysis

This paper presents a three-dimensional visualization method of 3D objects in a scattering medium. The proposed method employs integral imaging and spectral analysis to improve the visual quality of 3D images. The images observed from 3D objects in the scattering medium such as turbid water suffer from image degradation due to scattering. The main reason is that the observed image signal is very weak compared with the scattering signal. Common image enhancement techniques including histogram equalization and contrast enhancement works improperly to overcome the problem. Thus, integral imaging that enables to integrate the weak signals from multiple images was discussed to improve image quality. In this paper, we apply spectral analysis to an integral imaging system such as the computational integral imaging reconstruction. Also, we introduce a signal model with a visibility parameter to analyze the scattering signal. The proposed method based on spectral analysis efficiently estimates the original signal and it is applied to elemental images. The visibility-enhanced elemental images are then used to reconstruct 3D images using a computational integral imaging reconstruction algorithm. To evaluate the proposed method, we perform the optical experiments for 3D objects in turbid water. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods.     

Visibility enhancement in two-dimensional lensless ghost imaging with true thermal light

We report an experimental demonstration of two-dimensional(2D) lensless ghost imaging with true thermal light. An electrodeless discharge lamp with a higher light intensity than the hollow cathode lamp used before is employed as a light source. The main problem encountered by the 2D lensless ghost imaging with true thermal light is that its coherence time is much shorter than the resolution time of the detection system. To overcome this difficulty we derive a method based on the relationship between the true and measured values of the second-order optical intensity correlation, by which means the visibility of the ghost image can be dramatically enhanced. This method would also be suitable for ghost imaging with natural sunlight.     

Detection of colorless plastic contaminants hidden in cotton layer using chromatic polarization imaging

A method of chromatic polarization imaging is presented for the online detection of colorless plastic contaminants from ginned cotton in an industrial setting. To understand the experimental results, we consider a realistic microscopic model, including the multiple scattering of anisotropic fibers and the light propagation in anisotropic slabs. A Monte Carlo code, based on the extended Jones matrix, is developed to simulate photon migration with polarization states, and phase information followed. Using simulations and experiments, we analyze the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the performance of this method with different layer thicknesses. Our approaches proposed in this Letter also have the potential to be applied in tissue imaging, remote sensing,and other scenarios.     

类视网膜阵列结构的光纤相控阵方法研究

出射光束阵列布局对光纤相控阵的高功率激光相干合成性能有着重要影响。针对现有光纤相控方法的阵元间距难以突破半个波长,导致能量合成效率低的问题,提出了类视网膜多环形光纤相控方法,设计了具有圆形对称分布的结构,在保持中心阵元以及最外环阵元位置不变的情况下,通过粒子群算法优化环间其余阵元间距以获得最佳的远场相干合成性能。仿真结果表明,与传统光纤相控方法相比,提出的阵列布局可将能量集中度从0.562提升至0.921,峰值旁瓣水平从0.212压缩至0.043。     

光声信号的双谱分析方法研究

基于光声效应的光声光谱技术是光学与声学的有机结合, 可利用不同波长的入射光波, 产生不同的光声信号, 从而为组分识别、组织无损检测等提供高对比度图像, 是一种极具潜力的新型医学诊断技术.但光声光谱检测技术由于受检测方法的制约, 往往扫描时间较长, 而且信号的稳定性和图像识别的准确性也较差. 为了弥补单一光声光谱分析的局限性, 根据光声效应原理和振动理论, 提出了一种光声光谱与光声频谱相结合的双谱分析方法. 该方法通过光声频域信息的定量分析, 可以有效地提高不同组织的光声图像对比度, 从而提高光声成像的组分识别能力, 为光声频谱功能成像奠定理论基础. 实验结果显示, 光声光谱与光声频谱相结合的双谱分析方法可以较好地识别实验组织样品, 可实现高速、高分辨率的组分识别、组织探伤等, 具有广泛的应用前景和重要的临床诊断意义. 关键词： 光声成像 光声光谱分析 光声频谱分析     

Coherent diffraction imaging through shift-invariant scattering

Optical Review - In this paper, we present a method for single-shot phase imaging with a wide field of view based on coherent diffraction imaging. Coherent diffraction imaging can be implemented by...     

Passive interferometric 3-D imaging and incoherence gating

This paper proposes interferometric 3-D imaging based on retrieving the space variant cross-spectral density. The cross-spectral density across an arbitrary transverse plane can be retrieved by using the propagation law described in the Fourier domain. The 3-D intensity distribution is reconstructed from a series of the cross-spectral densities across planes within the slab geometry considered. Results of an experiment conducted by incorporating two point sources are also reported. The point spread function of the proposed interferometric imaging system, and its similarity to an ordinary imaging system are discussed. To detect spatially incoherent sources, we also propose an incoherence gating method based on the present interferometric imaging technique. The second-order differential of the series of retrieved cross-spectral densities with respect to a two-point separation enable us to estimate field correlations over the 3-D field, and locations of primary sources are clearly determined.     

凝视焦平面探测器的空间采样效应建模仿真

为了增加红外凝视焦平面阵列探测器成像仿真的置信度,对探测器所存在的空间采样效应产生机理进行了分析,并且从空间域角度对其进行了建模,借助于基于图像像素处理的方法进行实验仿真;为了客观地评价空间采样效应对探测器成像质量的影响,定义了图像的负指数型平滑度,实验结果表明,叠加空间采样效应后探测器输出图像的平滑度减小了11.7%,图像局部波动变大,从而验证了红外探测器成像仿真中空间采样效应考虑的必要性。     

Compressed sensing sparse reconstruction for coherent field imaging

Return signal processing and reconstruction plays a pivotal role in coherent field imaging, having a significant influence on the quality of the reconstructed image. To reduce the required samples and accelerate the sampling process,we propose a genuine sparse reconstruction scheme based on compressed sensing theory. By analyzing the sparsity of the received signal in the Fourier spectrum domain, we accomplish an effective random projection and then reconstruct the return signal from as little as 10% of traditional samples, finally acquiring the target image precisely. The results of the numerical simulations and practical experiments verify the correctness of the proposed method, providing an efficient processing approach for imaging fast-moving targets in the future.     

基于场景的三通道偏振成像系统的校正方法

基于定标的三通道偏振成像系统的校正方法在对通道响应度非一致性的标定过程中操作繁琐,无法根据实际环境的变化随时校正,影响了三通道偏振成像系统的实用性。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种基于场景的三通道成像系统的校正方法。该方法基于对场景中偏振信息的统计,分离出复杂场景中无偏振性的场景分量,简单快速地修正了各通道的灰度响应差异。实验结果表明:该方法克服了通道响应度非一致性的影响,突出不同材质物体的偏振差异,使三通道偏振成像系统的成像效果接近单通道偏振成像系统水平,极大地提高了系统的实用性。     

窄带高光谱干涉成像的压缩采样复原方法

利用干涉成像光谱仪对目标进行窄带高光谱成像探测具有高光通量、高光谱分辨率和高目标分辨率等优点。按照尼奎斯特定理对窄带光谱干涉信息进行采样存在较大的数据冗余,增加了后期傅里叶变换的数据处理量,影响光谱的复原效率。在分析窄带光谱傅里叶变换特性的基础上,提出了基于滤光片光谱透射率函数的窄带光谱压缩采样方法。引入滤光片参数和混叠参数,可以复原不同精度的窄带光谱信息。配以符合要求的多带通窄带滤光片,可对目标进行压缩采样获取多个谱段的窄带光谱信息,从而避免了逐个谱段探测,提高了探测效率。对该方法进行了仿真分析和实验验证,得到了与目标光谱相吻合的复原窄带光谱。     

Fourier Telescopy extrapolation based on the sampling theorem

Fourier Telecopy (FT) technique plays a promising role in deep space target detection. To improve the imaging quality of circular transmitting telescope array FT, a new processing method which adopts an extrapolation method based on the sampling theorem is proposed. Simulation results show that the extrapolation method can obviously improve system imaging resolution as well as reconstructed image quality. Even at a relative low SNR level the method improves system imaging resolution to a certain extent.     

高动态范围X射线成像检测方法

传统X射线数字成像方法通常固定X光机参数,但是受工件结构及材料衰减系数和光电器件物理动态范围的制约,当同一场景中透射X射线通量的最大值和最小值超出成像器件动态范围时,会出现通量大的区域高于成像器件的电荷容纳能力而达到饱和状态,当通量低的区域产生的光电荷低于设备热噪声水平时,该区域信息将淹没在噪声中而无法正常成像。为有效解决传统X射线数字成像技术在获取宽动态范围透射X光通量内容时的局限性,提出一种管电压递变高动态成像方法。首先分析了光电探测器电荷容量对有效透照厚度范围的影响;结合标准样块试验及相关数据分析,得到任意厚度特定材质试块达到最佳灵敏度时对应的透照X光管电压范围的关系函数,在此基础上提出管电压递变控制策略和有效子图提取方法。最终对0～20 mm厚度范围工件进行管电压递变高动态成像,结果表明：管电压递变高动态成像能够有效地实现透照厚度差异大的工件的高动态范围成像,最终融合结果能够保留较宽范围厚度上的细节信息。     

Infrared super-resolution imaging based on compressed sensing

The theoretical basis of traditional infrared super-resolution imaging method is Nyquist sampling theorem. The reconstruction premise is that the relative positions of the infrared objects in the low-resolution image sequences should keep fixed and the image restoration means is the inverse operation of ill-posed issues without fixed rules. The super-resolution reconstruction ability of the infrared image, algorithm’s application area and stability of reconstruction algorithm are limited. To this end, we proposed super-resolution reconstruction method based on compressed sensing in this paper. In the method, we selected Toeplitz matrix as the measurement matrix and realized it by phase mask method. We researched complementary matching pursuit algorithm and selected it as the recovery algorithm. In order to adapt to the moving target and decrease imaging time, we take use of area infrared focal plane array to acquire multiple measurements at one time. Theoretically, the method breaks though Nyquist sampling theorem and can greatly improve the spatial resolution of the infrared image. The last image contrast and experiment data indicate that our method is effective in improving resolution of infrared images and is superior than some traditional super-resolution imaging method. The compressed sensing super-resolution method is expected to have a wide application prospect.     

抑制孔径间距误差影响的相干场成像质量提升方法研究

相干场成像基于激光发射孔径间距相等、频谱相等的基本假设, 迭代计算频谱重建高分辨图像, 实际应用中不可避免的激光发射孔径间距误差是影响成像质量的重要因素. 针对发射孔径间距误差造成的成像质量下降问题, 提出一种抑制孔径间距误差影响的成像质量提升方法. 首先分析了孔径间距误差对激光回波频谱和成像质量的影响机理; 推导得到了频谱误差迭代模型; 理论上构建了孔径间距误差对信号频谱和成像质量的零影响条件方程; 提出一种线性规划方法求解成像质量零影响条件方程, 得到孔径间距误差最优化分布矩阵; 实际应用中基于该最优化误差矩阵合理分配各孔径间距误差, 就可抑制孔径误差对成像质量的影响. 实验验证了该方法的正确性和有效性. 结果表明: 该方法可提升成像质量评价指标斯特列尔比近1倍; 所提方法可便捷有效地抑制孔径误差对成像质量的影响. 该研究为实际相干场系统成像质量的提升和发射阵列孔径间距精度设计提供了理论指导.     

Anisotropic total variation minimization approach in in-line phase-contrast tomography and its application to correction of ring artifacts

In-line phase-contrast computed tomography(IL-PC-CT) imaging is a new physical and biochemical imaging method.IL-PC-CT has advantages compared to absorption CT when imaging soft tissues. In practical applications, ring artifacts which will reduce the image quality are commonly encountered in IL-PC-CT, and numerous correction methods exist to either pre-process the sinogram or post-process the reconstructed image. In this study, we develop an IL-PC-CT reconstruction method based on anisotropic total variation(TV) minimization. Using this method, the ring artifacts are corrected during the reconstruction process. This method is compared with two methods: a sinogram preprocessing correction technique based on wavelet-FFT filter and a reconstruction method based on isotropic TV. The correction results show that the proposed method can reduce visible ring artifacts while preserving the liver section details for real liver section synchrotron data.