Estimations de l'erreur d'approximation sur un domaine borné deR n parD m -splines d'interpolation et d'ajustement discrètes

Résumé Considérant un espace discretV _h associé àH ^m (), une fonctionfH ^m+1 () et laD ^m -spline d'interpolation discrète _h ^d def dansV _h (cf. [1]), on établit des estimations de l'erreurf– _h ^d en fonction de la distance de Hausdorffd de et de l'ensembleA ^d des points de données, du type |– _h ^d | _l, =o(d ^m–l ), en utilisant des résultats de Duchon [5].De la même façon, on établit des estimations de l'erreurf– _h ^d , oùfH ^m (),m entier >m, et _h ^d désigne laD ^m -spline d'ajustement discrète def dansV _h de paramètre >0 (cf. [1]), du type |– _h ^d | _l, =o(d ^m–l )+O(d ^n/2–1/2). La méthode suivie est applicable auxD ^m -splines d'ajustement surR ⁿ de Duchon [4].

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Approximation error estimates on a bounded domain inR ⁿ for interpolating and smoothing discreteD ^m -splines

Summary Considering a discrete spaceV _h associated withH ^m (), a functionfH ^m+1 () and the interpolation discreteD ^m -spline _h ^d off inV _h (cf. [1]), and using Duchon's results [5], we establish estimates of the errorf– _h ^d . These estimates are of the type |– _h ^d | _l, =o(d ^m–l ), whered is the Hausdorffs distance between and the setA ^d of data points.In the same way, we establish estimates of the errorf– _h ^d , wherefH ^m (), andm>m, and _h ^d is the smoothing discreteD ^m -spline off inV _h associated to the parameter >0 (cf. [1]). These estimates are of the type |– _h ^d | _l, =o(d ^m–l )+O(d ^n/2–1/2). The proposed method can be applied to the smoothingD ^m -splines in #x211D; ⁿ of Duchon [4].

     

Generalized Padé-Type Approximation and Integral Representations

In several complex variables, the multivariate Padé-type approximation theory is based on the polynomial interpolation of the multidimensional Cauchy kernel and leads to complicated computations. In this paper, we replace the multidimensional Cauchy kernel by the Bergman kernel function K (z,x) into an open bounded subset of C ⁿ and, by using interpolating generalized polynomials for K (z,x), we define generalized Padé-type approximants to any f in the space OL ²() of all analytic functions on which are of class L ². The characteristic property of such an approximant is that its Fourier series representation with respect to an orthonormal basis for OL ²() matches the Fourier series expansion of f as far as possible. After studying the error formula and the convergence problem, we show that the generalized Padé-type approximants have integral representations which give rise to the consideration of an integral operator – the so-called generalized Padé-type operator – which maps every f OL ²() to a generalized Padé-type approximant to f. By the continuity of this operator, we obtain some convergence results about series of analytic functions of class L ². Our study concludes with the extension of these ideas into every functional Hilbert space H and also with the definition and properties of the generalized Padé-type approximants to a linear operator of H into itself. As an application we prove a Painlevé-type theorem in C ⁿ and we give two examples making use of generalized Padé-type approximants.     

Estimations des erreurs de meilleure approximation polynomiale et d'interpolation de Lagrange dans les espaces de Sobolev d'ordre non entier

Résumé On établit des majorations explicites de I'erreur de meilleure approximation polynomiale ainsi que des majorations explicites et nonexplicites de I'erreur d'interpolation de Lagrange, lorsque la fonction considérée appartient à un espace de Sobolev d'ordre non entier défini sur un ouvert borné de ⁿ .Les résultats obtenus généralisent les résultats connus dans le cas des espaces de Sobolev d'ordre entier.

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Estimation of the best polynomial approximation error and the Lagrange interpolation error in fractional-order Ssobolev spaces

Summary Explicit bounds for the best polynomial approximation error, explicit and non-explicit bounds for the Lagrange interpolation error are derived for functions belonging to fractional order Sobolev spaces defined over a bounded open set in ⁿ .Thus the classical results of the integer order Sobolev spaces are extended.

     

Some overdetermined boundary value problems for harmonic functions

Summary In this paper we study various overdetermined problems involving harmonic functions. In particular, we show that if the second eigenfunctionu ₂ of the Stekloff eigenvalue problem in a bounded simply connected plane domain has a constant value of u ₂ on , then is a disk

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Résumé Cet article est consacré à l'étude de certains problèmes surdéterminés pour des fonctions harmoniques. En particulier, nous montrons que si le gradient de la seconde fonction propre du problème de Stekloff défini dans un domaine borné, simplement connexe du plan, a son module constant sur la frontière , alors est nécessairement un disque.

     

Convergence and error estimates for (m,l,s)-splines

In some recent papers, Bouhamidi and Le Méhauté introduced L^m,l,s-splines as a natural extension of J. Duchon's (m,s)-splines. In the present work, some results on convergence and error estimates for smoothing and interpolating L^m,l,s-splines (called here (m,l,s)-splines) are given. These results extend those presented in several papers by Duchon, Arcangéli and López de Silances for (m,s)-splines and also for D^m-splines (i.e. (m,0)-splines).     

A property of nonlinear elliptic equations when the right-hand side is a measure

LetA(u)=–diva(x, u, Du) be a Leray-Lions operator defined onW ₀ ^1,p () and be a bounded Radon measure. For anyu SOLA (Solution Obtained as Limit of Approximations) ofA(u)= in ,u=0 on , we prove that the truncationsT _k(u) at heightk satisfyA(T _k(u)) A(u) in the weak * topology of measures whenk + .

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Résumé SoitA(u)=–diva(x, u, Du) un opérateur de Leray-Lions défini surW ₀ ^1,p () et une mesure de Radon bornée. Pour toutu SOLA (Solution Obtenue comme Limite d'Approximations) deA(u)= dans ,u=0 sur , nous démontrons que les troncaturesT _k(u) à la hauteurk vérifientA(T _k(u)) A(u) dans la topologie faible * des mesures quandk + .

     

Multivariate interpolating (m, l, s)-splines

The multivariate interpolating (m, l, s)-splines are a natural generalization of Duchon's thin plate splines (TPS). More precisely, we consider the problem of interpolation with respect to some finite number of linear continuous functionals defined on a semi-Hilbert space and minimizing its semi-norm. The (m, l, s)-splines are explicitly given as a linear combination of translates of radial basis functions. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the interpolating (m, l, s)-splines and investigate some of their properties. Finally, we present some practical examples of (m, l, s)-splines for Lagrange and Hermite interpolation.     

Méthodes de Nyström pour l'équation différentielley″=f(x,y)

Résumé Dans un récent article (Hairer-Wanner [1]) nous avons donné une théorie à l'aide de laquelle on peut facilement calculer les conditions d'ordre pour une méthode de Nyström. Ici nous montrons comment on peut résoudre ce système d'équations non-linéaires. Nous donnons de plus toutes les méthodes d'ordres pours=2, 3, 4 (oùs–1 indique le nombre d'évaluations de la fonction à chaque pas); des méthodes avec un paramètre d'ordres pours=5, 6 et des méthodes particulières d'ordres–1 pours=8, 9.

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Nyström methods for the differential equationy=f(x,y)

Summary In a recent paper (Hairer-Wanner [1]) we have given a theory with which it is easy to calculate the order conditions for Nyström methods. Here we show how it is possible to solve this system of non-linear algebraic equations. Moreover we present all methods of orders fors=2, 3, 4 (s–1 indicates the number of function evaluations per step); methods with one parameter of orders fors=5, 6 and some special methods of orders–1 fors=8, 9.

     

Classification analytique d'équations différentielles ydy +...=0 et espace de modules

Résumé Dans ce travail, on s'intéresse à la classification analytique de certains types d'équations différentielles de (²,0) de la forme =ydy+...=O Cette classification est en général donnée par celle de l'holonomie projective apparaissant dans la résolution de . Dans un cas spécial la classification est donnée par celles de l'holonomie associée à l'unique séparatrice de . On précise l'espace de modules et on prouve la rigidité générique de .

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In this paper we study the analytic classification of class of differential equations =ydy+...=O in (²,0). We prove that generically they are rigid. We also give the moduli spaces in special cases.

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L'auteur remercie l'IRMAR pour l'accueil qu'il a rencontré durant ses séjours (long et courts) à l'institut.     

On Compensated Compactness for Nonlinear Elliptic Problems in Perforated Domains

We consider a sequence of Dirichlet problems for a nonlinear divergent operator A: W _m ¹( _s ) [W _m ¹( _s )]^* in a sequence of perforated domains _s . Under a certain condition imposed on the local capacity of the set \ _s , we prove the following principle of compensated compactness: , where r _s(x) and z _s(x) are sequences weakly convergent in W _m ¹() and such that r _s(x) is an analog of a corrector for a homogenization problem and z _s(x) is an arbitrary sequence from whose weak limit is equal to zero.     

Construction d'une paramétrixe pour des opérateurs différentiels hypoelliptiques marimaux sur un espace homogéne d'un groupe de Lie nilpotent gradué de rang 2

Soient G une alébre de Lie nilpotente stratifée de rang 2, une sous-algébre de G, _0, la représentation de G dans l'espace L ²( \ G) indiute par le caractére trivial C, P un opérateur homogène appartenant à l'algébre universelle enveloppante (complexifiée) U(G) tel que l'opérateur _0, (P) soit hypoelliptique maximal. Cet opérateur peut s'exprimer par une intégrale dépendant de la restriction du symbole p de P au sousensemble = G · décrit par les orbites des éléments de dans la représentation contragrédiente de G dans G ^*.Une algèbre de symboles définis sur est construite et permet de déterminer une paramétrixe de _0, (P); des résultats de réguralité de cet opérateur dans des espaces de Sobolev adaptés sont ensuite obtenus.     

Sur les formules de quadrature numérique à nombre minimal de noeuds d'intégration

Résumè Cet article a pour objet la recherche, à partir de la théorie des polynômes orthogonaux, de conditions permettant l'obtention de formules de quadrature numérique sur des domaines de ⁿ, avec fonction poids, à nombre minimal de noeuds et exactes sur les espacesQ _k de polynômes de degré k par rapport à chacune de leurn variables. Ces résultats, complétés par des exemples numériques originaux dans ², adaptent à ces espacesQ _k ceux démontréq par H.J. Schmid [14] dans le cadre des espacesP _k de polynômes.

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About Cubature formulas with a minimal number of knots

Summary In this paper we search, from the orthogonal polynomial theory, for conditions which allow to obtain cubature formulas on sets of ⁿ, with weight function. which have a minimal number of knots and which are exact on the spaceQ _k of all polynomials of degree k with respect to each variablex _i, 1in.These results, completed by original numerical examples in ², adapt to the spacesQ _k those proved by H.J. Schmid [14] in the case of polynomial spacesP _k.

     

A family of higher order mixed finite element methods for plane elasticity

Summary The Dirichler problem for the equations of plane elasticity is approximated by a mixed finite element method using a new family of composite finite elements having properties analogous to those possessed by the Raviart-Thomas mixed finite elements for a scalar, second-order elliptic equation. Estimates of optimal order and minimal regularity are derived for the errors in the displacement vector and the stress tensor inL ²(), and optimal order negative norm estimates are obtained inH ^s () for a range ofs depending on the index of the finite element space. An optimal order estimate inL () for the displacement error is given. Also, a quasioptimal estimate is derived in an appropriate space. All estimates are valid uniformly with respect to the compressibility and apply in the incompressible case. The formulation of the elements is presented in detail.This work was performed while Professor Arnold was a NATO Postdoctoral Fellow     

New lower semicontinuity results for polyconvex integrals

Summary We study integral functionals of the formF(u, )= f(u)dx, defined foru C¹(;R ^k), R ⁿ . The functionf is assumed to be polyconvex and to satisfy the inequalityf(A) c₀¦(A)¦ for a suitable constant c₀ > 0, where (A) is then-vector whose components are the determinants of all minors of thek×n matrixA. We prove thatF is lower semicontinuous onC ¹(;R ^k) with respect to the strong topology ofL ¹(;R ^k). Then we consider the relaxed functional , defined as the greatest lower semicontinuous functional onL ¹(;R ^k ) which is less than or equal toF on C¹(;R ^k). For everyu BV(;R ^k) we prove that (u,) f(u)dx+c₀¦D^su¦(), whereDu=u dx+D^su is the Lebesgue decomposition of the Radon measureDu. Moreover, under suitable growth conditions onf, we show that (u,)= f(u)dx for everyu W^1,p(;R ^k), withp min{n,k}. We prove also that the functional (u, ) can not be represented by an inte- gral for an arbitrary functionu BV_loc(R ⁿ;R ^k). In fact, two examples show that, in general, the set function (u, ) is not subadditive whenu BV_loc(R ⁿ;R ^k), even ifu W _loc ^1,p (R ⁿ;R ^k) for everyp < min{n,k}. Finally, we examine in detail the properties of the functionsu BV(;R ^k) such that (u, )= f(u)dx, particularly in the model casef(A)=¦(A)¦.     

Fonctions Séparément Finement Surharmoniques

Nous montrons que toute fonction séparément finement surharmonique sur un ouvert de la topologie produit _{n_1}×s× _{n_k} des topologies fines des espaces R ⁿ ₁,. . ., R ⁿ _k, _{n_1}×s× _{n_k}-localement bornée inférieurement est finement surharmonique dans . On en déduit que toute fonction séparément finement harmonique, _{n_1}×s× _{n_k}-localement bornée sur est finement harmonique dans .Separately Finely Superharmonic Functions Abstract.We prove that every separately finely surperharmonic function on an open set in R ⁿ ₁×s×R ⁿ _k for the product _{n_1}×s× _{n_k} of the fine topologies on the spaces R ⁿ ₁,. . ., R ⁿ _k, _{n_1}×s× _n-_klocally lower bounded, is finely superharmonic in . We then deduce that every separateltly finely harmonic function _{n_1}×s× _{n k}-locally bounded in is finely harmonic.     

Two families of mixed finite elements for second order elliptic problems

Summary Two families of mixed finite elements, one based on triangles and the other on rectangles, are introduced as alternatives to the usual Raviart-Thomas-Nedelec spaces. Error estimates inL ² () andH ^–5 () are derived for these elements. A hybrid version of the mixed method is also considered, and some superconvergence phenomena are discussed.     

Fermeture en probabilité de certains sous-espaces d'un espace L 2

Summary Let _i , iI be a family of equidistributed, independant random variables, defined on a probability space (, , P). Let {f _m , mN{ be a sequence of functions such that the f _m ( _i ) are, for every i, centered random variables in L ²(, , P) and in an L _p (, , P) (where p is an even integer at least equal to 4).In this paper the closed linear subspaces of L ² (, , P) generated by the variables of the form , where for fixed M, are studied. A uniform bound of the L ^p norm of elements of the unit ball of the above defined subspaces and also the closure in probability of these subspaces is thus obtained. These results are applied to Wiener's chaos of gaussian variables.

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Equipe de Recherche n⁰ 1 « Processus stochastiques et applications » dépendant de la Section n⁰ 2 «Théories Physiques et Probabilités », associée au C.N.R.S.     

Hankel-Toeplitz type operators onL a 1 (Ω)

This paper studies Hankel and Toeplitz operators on the Bergman spaceL _a ¹ () of bounded symmetric domains. These operators are defined in terms of a certain bounded projection onL ¹(,dV). The main results of the paper include several characterizations for the boundedness and (weak-star) compactness of these Hankel-Toeplitz type operators. When the symbol is conjugate holomorphic, our results here are similar to those obtained by Békollé, Berger, Coburn, and Zhu [2] in theL ²-Bergman space context.Research partially supported by the National Science Foundation     

Sur le comportement asymptotique des potentiels d'une chaîne de Markov sur ℝ d

Résumé Dans cet article j'étudie le comportement à l'infini des potentiels des chaînes de Markov sur ^d (d3) proches du mouvement brownien, tout spécialement le cas des marches aléatoires, ainsi que des critères de transience et de récurrence inspirés de la méthode utilisée.

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We study the asymptotic behaviour of potentials of Markov chains on ^d (d3), closed to Brownian motion, and particularly the case of random walks. Following a similar approach, we give transience and recurrence criteria.

     

A priori-Schranken für diskrete Lösungen monotoner Operatorgleichungen und Anwendungen

Summary Operator equationsTu=f are approximated by Galerkin's method, whereT is a monotone operator in the sense of Browder and Minty, so that existence results are available in a reflexive Banach spaceX. In a normed spaceY error estimates are established, which require a priori bounds for the discrete solutionsu _h in the norm of a suitable space . Sufficient conditions for the uniform boundedness u _{h Z} =O(1) ash0 are proved. Well-known error estimates in [3] for the special caseX=Y=Z are generalized by this. The theory is applied to quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems of order 2m in a bounded domain . The approximating subspaces are finite element spaces. Especially the caseX=W ₀ ^{m, p} (), 1<p<,Y=W ₀ ^{m. 2} (),Z=W ₀ ^{m. max (2,p)} ()W^m, () is treated. Some examples for 1<p<2 are considered. Forp2 a refined technique is introduced in the author's paper [7].