Mg-SiO_2体系制备Mg_2Si/AZ91D复合材料的研究

采用原位合成技术制备了Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料,并通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对添加碱土、稀土元素的影响进行了研究。结果表明:AZ91D镁合金中加入SiO2(其中Si占合金质量的3%)后,出现多边形状或树枝晶状的初生Mg2Si相,以及汉字状的共晶Mg2Si相,树枝晶状Mg2Si的平均尺寸约25~50μm,汉字状Mg2Si的平均尺寸约12~15μm;Mg2Si对镁合金中的β-Mg17Al12相有细化作用。添加Ca,Sr,Y对Mg2Si形貌、尺寸有明显的改善,当添加0.9%Ca,0.1%Sr,0.5%RE(80%Y)变质处理后,Mg2Si形貌全部变为多边形状,平均尺寸约0.8~5μm。     

碳纳米管在防腐涂料中的研究进展

碳纳米管(Carbon nanotubes,CNTs)因其独特的一维纳米结构和优异的物理、化学性质,将其掺杂于聚合物基体中制备防腐涂料,可显著提升涂层的防腐性能。本文综述碳纳米管掺杂于不同聚合物基体制备防腐涂料的最新研究进展,主要概述了聚苯胺复合型、聚吡咯复合型、聚氨酯复合型和环氧树脂复合型四大类,总结了碳纳米管掺杂不同聚合物制备防腐涂料的特点,分析了碳纳米管复合制备防腐涂料当前所面临的问题与挑战,并展望其今后在防腐涂料工业化生产的应用前景。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定防锈铝合金中痕量钠

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定防锈铝合金中痕量钠的方法。以盐酸(1+1)溶液和过氧化氢溶解样品,选择波长588.995 nm为钠的分析线。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.028 mg.L-1。方法用于测定防锈铝合金中痕量钠(wNa=0.000 14%～0.000 73%),加标回收率在91.4%～113.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.6%～5.5%之间。     

Solid State NMR and Fluorescence Studies of Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposties

^13C spin-lattice relaxation times （T1） of a conjugated polymer MEH-PPV in polymer/ layered silicate nanocomposites together with the steady state fluorescence emission and transient fluorescence decay measurements have been investigated. The T1 values of the conjugated carbons decrease dramatically according to the reduction of polymer concentration in the nano composites, while the fluorescence life times （τ） show a linear prolonging tendency. The results are explained from the point of view of molecular dynamics.     

向日葵盘果胶对碳钢的缓蚀性能研究

以向日葵盘为原料,利用纤维素酶制备果胶(SFP)。采用静态失重、极化曲线和交流阻抗技术研究SFP在1mol/L HCl及0.5mol/L H_2SO_4溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能,并探讨其在碳钢表面的吸附机理。结果表明,缓蚀效率随SFP浓度增大而增大,随温度升高而降低。在HCl和H_2SO_4溶液中,SFP的吸附方式分别服从Langmuir和Temkin等温式,属于物理吸附;极化曲线测试显示SFP是一种混合型缓蚀剂。本文的研究表明,向日葵盘果胶是碳钢的绿色高效缓蚀剂,且在HCl溶液中的缓蚀性能优于在H_2SO_4溶液中。     

Advanced environmentally friendly anticorrosive materials prepared from water-based polyacrylate/Na-MMT clay nanocomposite latexes

A series of novel advanced environmentally friendly anticorrosive materials have been successfully prepared by effectively dispersing nanolayers of Na⁺-montmorillonite (Na⁺-MMT) clay into water-based polyacrylate latex (i.e., vinyl acrylic terpolymers). First of all, a polyacrylate latex was synthesized through co-polymerizing organic monomers of MMA, BMA and styrene (St) using conventional emulsion polymerization technique with SDS, 1-pentanol and KPS as surfactant, co-surfactant and initiator, respectively. Subsequently, the commercial purified hydrophilic Na⁺-MMT was effectively dispersing into the polyacrylate latex through the direct solution dispersion technique.The as-prepared neat polyacrylate and the series of water-based polyacrylate/Na⁺-MMT clay nanocomposite (Na⁺-PCN) materials were subsequently characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, TEM and GPC. The water-based Na⁺-PCN materials loaded with low content of Na⁺-MMT when in the form of coating on the cold rolled steel (CRS) coupons was found to be remarkably superior in anticorrosion efficiency over those of neat polyacrylate based on a series of electrochemical measurements of corrosion potential, polarization resistance, corrosion current, and impedance spectroscopy in saline. Effect of material composition on the molecular barrier, optical clarity and thermal stability were also studied by molecular permeability analysis, ultraviolet-visible transmission spectra, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Organo-PCN materials were also prepared as a control experiment for comparative studies.     

有机硅改性环氧树脂防腐蚀涂层的研究进展

环氧树脂(EPRs)因其良好的耐蚀性、耐化学品性、黏附性及低固化收缩率而广泛应用于防腐蚀涂层。由有机硅烷或线性聚硅氧烷出发,经前者的水解、缩合及两者与EPR的加成等反应,将疏水性良好的有机硅树脂(SR)凝胶或链段作为（EPR-填料）偶联层、（金属基底）底漆、（分散或互穿聚合物网络）相、或（共聚）组分引入到EPR固化涂层体系中,可以通过疏水阻隔及凝胶相或交联点（链段）缓蚀的机理提高改性EPR涂层的防腐蚀性能;SR的体积分数效应亦改善了涂层的耐老化性与耐热性。在无水催化条件下,经有机硅烷的烷氧基与EPR的羟基之间的醇解（缩合）反应,生成硅烷小分子接枝改性EPR固化涂层;亦能通过体系中未反应的烷氧基的水消化（水解）阻隔改良涂层的防腐蚀性能。当向SR改性EPR涂层中加入陶瓷（纳米氧化物、粘土、碳材料）填料时,适中的含量可能导致独特的树脂-陶瓷两相形态而产生结构性疏水;当引入无机酸盐（铬酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、稀土铈盐、钼酸盐、高锰酸盐）或有机化合物（8-羟基喹啉、四氯代苯对醌）转化膜或颗粒时,可能在涂层-金属界面处发生转化保护型电化学防护;而当填充低电位活性金属(Mg、Zn)粉末时,则可能在金属基底表面形成阴极保护型电化学防护;同时,所有三种填料的加入均可能进一步增强涂层的缓蚀效应。在调控与优化EPR-SR体系结构与形态的同时,辅以各种改性填料的协同耦合使用,成为实现SR改性EPR涂层防腐蚀性能最佳化的必经途径之一。     

Zinc basic benzoate as eco-friendly steel corrosion inhibitor pigment for anticorrosive epoxy-coatings

The inhibitive properties of benzoate anion were known from many years ago but the employment of soluble compounds in anticorrosive paints is limited because their lixiviation would greatly increase coating permeability. However, it is possible to prepare insoluble metallic benzoates with certain cations. This paper describes the experimental procedure to prepare zinc basic benzoate to be employed in anticorrosive paints. The anticorrosive properties of zinc basic benzoate were assessed by electrochemical techniques (corrosion potential and linear polarization measurements). The nature of the compounds forming the protective layer was determined by different techniques, including spectroscopic ones. In a second stage, the anticorrosive properties of the pigment were evaluated by incorporating it in epoxy anticorrosive paints which, in turn, were evaluated by accelerated (salt spray and humidity tests) and electrochemical measurements (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The morphology and the nature of the protective layer grown under the paint film in the salt spray chamber was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

Experimental results showed that basic zinc benzoate was adequate to formulate epoxy anticorrosive paints with improved anticorrosive performance, especially with the water-borne binder.     

An ab initio SCF molecular orbital study on the conformation of serotonin and bufotenine

Ab initio SCF molecular orbital computations on the conformation of cationic serotonin and bufotenine indicate a preference for a perpendicular, or nearly so, arrangement of the ethylamine side chain with respect to the ring. The planar extended forms observed, among others, in the crystals of cationic indolealkylamines do not represent intrinsically stable conformations of these molecules. Their occurrence must be attributed to the effect of environmental forces.This work was supported by the A.T.P. N ° A. 655-2303 of the C.N.R.S.     

EDTA滴定法快速测定铝锰镁合金中铝和镁方法探讨

以HCl溶解HClO4冒烟使试样完全溶解后,利用铝是两性元素的特性,加入过量的NaOH使Mg、Fe、Mn生成氢氧化物沉淀,过滤与铝分离.将滤液定容,移取部分在过量EDTA存在下,用HCl调节pH 4左右,加热煮沸使铝与EDTA配位络合,以PAN为指示剂,用CuSO4标准溶液返滴定过量的EDTA,加氟化钠取代出与铝定量配位络合的EDTA,再用CuSo4标准溶液滴定取代出的EDTA,求得铝量.将过滤出的Mg、Fe、Mn等氢氧化物沉淀,用热的稀HCl及H2O2溶解后,用NH3·H20(1+1)调节pH 5～6,加入铜试剂使Fe、Mn沉淀与Mg分离,于滤液中加NH4Cl缓冲液,以铬黑T为指示剂,用EDA标准溶液滴定镁量.     

Poly(hexamethylene terephthalate)-layered silicate nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) (PHT) and montmorillonite organo-modified with alkylammonium cations bearing two primary hydroxyl functions, i.e., Cloisite^® 30B (CL30B) were synthesized. Organoclay incorporation was performed either by dispersion in the PHT matrix via melt blending or by in situ ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylene terephthalate cyclic oligomers c(HT). An additional procedure combining the two methods, preparation of a highly enriched inorganic “PHT-CL30B” nanohybrid masterbatch by in situ ring-opening polymerization and blending of the masterbatch with additional PHT was explored. The obtained nanocomposites contain 3% (w/w) of inorganics and displayed a mixture of intercalated morphology and exfoliated nanolayers as evidenced by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposite obtained by the masterbatch technique exhibited a higher degree of exfoliation and displayed slightly higher glass transition temperatures, better mechanical properties and higher flame resistance. The improved results achieved with the “masterbatch route” are a consequence of the reactions occurring between the nanocomposite constituents allowing for the grafting of PHT chains onto the organoclay surface.     

Thermal stability and flammability properties of heterophasic PP-EP/EVA/organoclay nanocomposites

A study on the thermal behavior and flammability properties of the heterophasic polypropylene-(ethylene-propylene) copolymer (PP-EP)/poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA)/montmorillonite nanocomposite is presented. Nanoclay nanocomposites were prepared using a twin screw extruder. Both the fluidity of the EVA phase and compatibility conditions between PP-EP and EVA were used in order to obtain the required nanocomposites. Therefore, no additional compatibilizer was required to achieve the clay dispersion. Products exhibited the partially exfoliated/intercalated nanoclay dispersion. Thermogravimetric analyses indicated that nanoclays retard thermal degradation depending on nanoclay concentration. The retarding process was assigned to the exfoliation and dispersion of the silicate layers which impeded heat diffusion to the macromolecules. Thermal studies, under non-isothermal crystallization, indicated the lack of influence of nanoclay on the thermal behavior. Flammability characteristics were however affected by the nanoclay layers which overall generated flame retardation both in the EVA host and in the complex nanocomposites.     

Iron-Cobalt-Silica Aerogel Nanocomposite Materials

Iron-Cobalt-Silica nanocomposites were prepared in form of aerogels. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and N₂ physisorption at 77 K were used to investigate the structure, size and dispersion of the nanocrystals and the porous structure in the aerogels and in the final composites. The variation of the supercritical drying conditions gives rise to differences in the morphological features of the aerogels. These differences influence the size of the cobalt oxide nanoparticles in the aerogels. On the other hand, after the reduction treatment the average size of the alloy nanoparticles is the same in all the aerogel nanocomposites. The effect of reduction temperature on alloy formation and particle size is also discussed.