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《Discrete Mathematics》2022,345(8):112903
Graphs considered in this paper are finite, undirected and loopless, but we allow multiple edges. The point partition number is the least integer k for which G admits a coloring with k colors such that each color class induces a -degenerate subgraph of G. So is the chromatic number and is the point arboricity. The point partition number with was introduced by Lick and White. A graph G is called -critical if every proper subgraph H of G satisfies . In this paper we prove that if G is a -critical graph whose order satisfies , then G can be obtained from two non-empty disjoint subgraphs and by adding t edges between any pair of vertices with and . Based on this result we establish the minimum number of edges possible in a -critical graph G of order n and with , provided that and t is even. For the corresponding two results were obtained in 1963 by Tibor Gallai. 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2021,344(12):112604
A well-known theorem of Vizing states that if G is a simple graph with maximum degree Δ, then the chromatic index of G is Δ or . A graph G is class 1 if , and class 2 if ; G is Δ-critical if it is connected, class 2 and for every . A long-standing conjecture of Vizing from 1968 states that every Δ-critical graph on n vertices has at least edges. We initiate the study of determining the minimum number of edges of class 1 graphs G, in addition, for every . Such graphs have intimate relation to -co-critical graphs, where a non-complete graph G is -co-critical if there exists a k-coloring of such that G does not contain a monochromatic copy of but every k-coloring of contains a monochromatic copy of for every . We use the bound on the size of the aforementioned class 1 graphs to study the minimum number of edges over all -co-critical graphs. We prove that if G is a -co-critical graph on vertices, then where ε is the remainder of when divided by 2. This bound is best possible for all and . 相似文献
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We give some arithmetic-geometric interpretations of the moments , , and of the Sato–Tate group of an abelian variety A defined over a number field by relating them to the ranks of the endomorphism ring and Néron–Severi group of A. 相似文献
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《Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra》2022,226(10):107074
For a commutative ring A we consider a related graph, , whose vertices are the unimodular rows of length 2 up to multiplication by units. We prove that is path-connected if and only if A is a -ring, in the terminology of P. M. Cohn. Furthermore, if denotes the clique complex of , we prove that is simply connected if and only if A is universal for . More precisely, our main theorem is that for any commutative ring A the fundamental group of is isomorphic to the group modulo the subgroup generated by symbols. 相似文献
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《Discrete Mathematics》2021,344(12):112600
An -colored-mixed graph is a graph having m colors of arcs and n colors of edges. We do not allow two arcs or edges to have the same endpoints. A homomorphism from an -colored-mixed graph G to another -colored-mixed graph H is a morphism such that each edge (resp. arc) of G is mapped to an edge (resp. arc) of H of the same color (and orientation). An -colored-mixed graph T is said to be -universal if every graph in (the planar -colored-mixed graphs with girth at least g) admits a homomorphism to T.We show that planar -universal graphs do not exist for (and any value of g) and find a minimal (in the number vertices) planar -universal graphs in the other cases. 相似文献
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We study the non-linear minimization problem on with , and : where presents a global minimum α at with . In order to describe the concentration of around , one needs to calibrate the behavior of with respect to s. The model case is In a previous paper dedicated to the same problem with , we showed that minimizers exist only in the range , which corresponds to a dominant non-linear term. On the contrary, the linear influence for prevented their existence. The goal of this present paper is to show that for , and , minimizers do exist. 相似文献