DIMENSIONS OF ATACTIC POLY(α-METHYLSTYRENE) CHAINS WITH SIDE GROUPS

An improved configurational-confomational statistical method is developed and the mean-square radius of gyration for atactic poly(α-methylstyrene)(PαMS) chains is studied, in which the effect of large side groups is considered. The deduced formulas, based on the rotational isomer state theory, are used to investigate the configuration-dependent properties of the atactic polymer chain, and the statistical correlation of the unperturbed polymer chain dimension and structure parameters are calculated. For the fraction of meso dyads wm= 0.4, the dependence of the radius of gyration Rg and the intrinsic viscosity [η] on the molecule mass M are Rg = 2.63 × 10-2M0.50 nm and [η] = 7.36 × 10-2M0.497, respectively, which are in agreement with the previous experimental data for the PαMS samples. A small hump is detected in the curve of the characteristic ratio of the unperturbed mean-square radius of gyration versus the chain length for short PαMS chains. The Rg increases linearly with the temperature T, and the effects of the chain length and the tacticity on the temperature coefficient are remarkable. These are quite different from the results for PαMS chains not considering side groups or for the monosubstituted polystyrene chain.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY（STYRENE—ETHYLENE OXIDE）DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS

Well-defined diblock copolymers of styrene(St) and ethylene oxide(EO) have been prepared by sequential living anionic polymerization of the two comonomers in THF.Diphenyl methyl potassum has been used as initiator.The block copolymers were characterized in detail by methods of size exclusion chromatography(SEC),^1H-NMR,FT-IR,dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) and WAXD.     

活性正离子聚合制备聚（异丁烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯）嵌段共聚物

以2-氯-2,4,4-三甲基戊烷(TMPCl)/TiCl4/质子捕捉剂(DtBP)为引发剂体系,引发异丁烯聚合,随后加入1,1-二(4-甲基苯基)乙烯作为封端剂稳定末端碳正离子,再引入四异丙醇钛(Ti(OiPr)4),降低Lewis酸性,继续引发α-甲基苯乙烯聚合,实现活性正离子聚合制备聚(异丁烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物.考察了α-甲基苯乙烯聚合时间对单体转化率、产物的dn/dc值、分子量及其分布的影响以及四异丙醇钛对聚合速率的影响.并通过体积排斥色谱法/紫外检测器/示差折光指数/多角激光光散射、1H-NMR以及DSC以对产物进行表征.实验结果表明,嵌段共聚物分子量分布窄(MWD≤1.2),单体转化率与分子量呈线性关系,聚合速率对单体浓度呈一级动力学关系,具有活性聚合的特征.Ti(OiPr)4能有效稳定活性中心,降低聚合速率.聚(异丁烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物的DSC测试发现明显的两个Tg,表明存在微相分离结构.     

EFFECT OF AMPHIPHILIC POLY （STYRENE-B-ETHYLENE OXIDE） DIBLOCK COPOLYMER INTERCALATED LAYERED SILICATE AS FILLER ON ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE RESIN

The diblock copolymers intercalated layered silicate was prepared via a melt dispersion technique. Then the effect of intercalated hybrid as filler on acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene resin was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, stress-strain measurements in elongation.     

立体专一性地合成（Z）-α-氟-β-三氟甲基乙烯基碘化物和应用于合成多氟噻吩基双烯烃

The direct iodination of polyfluorinated vinyl stannanes by tin-iodine exchange methodology was achieved giving （Z）-α-fluoro-β-trifluoromethyl vinyl iodides stereospecifically. Changing the substituent in R group from the electron-withdrawing group to electron-donating group led to an increase in the yield from 78% to 90%, while it was moved from para to meta position the reaction did not afford a dramatic change in the yield （90% to 95%）. In addition, this reaction also can be applied to the vinyl stannane with heterocyclic group. The further coupling reaction of prepared vinyl iodide containing heterocyclic moiety with （Z）-α-fluoro-β-trifluoromethylstannanes gave polyfluorinated heterocyclic alkadienes with 2E,4E-selectivity.     

多检测GPC/SEC技术在高分子表征中的应用-聚（α-甲基苯乙烯-异戊二烯)二嵌段共聚物的溶液性质

采用体积排斥色谱法 (SEC) /示差折光指数 (RI) /直角激光光散射 (RALLS) /示差粘度 (DV )三检测联用技术 ,在THF为溶剂、2 5℃的条件下表征了聚 (α 甲基苯乙烯 异戊二烯 ) (PαMS PI)二嵌段共聚物 ;计算得到了PαMS PI分子的无扰尺寸A为 0 .0 778nm·mol1/ 2 ·g-1/ 2 ;根据PαMS PI与PS分子的无扰尺寸A ,比较了两者在 2 5℃、THF溶剂体系中的链柔性程度 ,证明在此体系中PαMS PI与PS的链柔性程度相当 ;验证了PαMS PI符合普适标定规律     

聚二甲基硅氧烷链的均方迥转半径

采用旋转异构态模型，用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法计算了聚二甲基硅氧烷（Ｐｏｌｙｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｓｉｌｏｘａｎｅ）链考虑侧基（ＣＨ３）的均方通转半径。其结果为＜Ｓ２＞／Ｍ＝７．８５×１０－２：（ｇ·ｍｏｌ）与实验结果（７．７×０．３）×１０－２（ｇ·ｍｏｌ）符合得很好。这种方法可进一步研究高分子链的构象性质。     

聚氧乙烯链构象性质的三级相互作用近似

基于旋转异构态近似模型 ,用半经验势函数计算了聚氧乙烯 (POE)链在三级相互作用下构象能 ,并用三级相互作用近似下的统计权重矩阵方法计算了POE链的特征比、偶极矩比等构象性质 .结果表明 ,当考虑了三级相互作用时 ,计算结果和实验值符合得比较好 ,与由二级相互作用近似得到的结果相比 ,在很大程度上得到了改善     

ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF RADIUS OF GYRATION OF CHAINS IN THE MELT IN THE CRYSTALIZATION OF POLY(1-BUTENE)

Crystallization in polymer systems actually is a process that transfers the entangled melts into a semi-crystallinelayered structure. Whether or not a chain disentangles may result in different crystallization mechanism. When compared tothe crystal thickness (dc), the volume occupied by the chain in the melt, i.e., the radius of gyration (Rg), plays a veryimportant role in polymer crystallization. When dc≤Rg, crystallization does not necessitate a chain disentangling. The entanglements are just shifted into the amorphous regions.However,as dc>Rg,i.e., as the crystal thickness gets larger than the radius of gyration of the chain in the melt,it becomes necessary for a chain to disentangle.Then a change of crystallization mechanism occurs.Such change has been experimentally observed in the crystallization of poly(1-butene).A change in the crystal morphologies from spherulite to quadrangle,is seen via PLM,as crystallization temperatures increase.Even more,such a change is molecular weight dependent,and shifts to lower temperature as molecular weight decreases.There exists a jump of crystal thickness and crystallinity associated with morphological change,as seen via SAXS.A change of crystallization kinetics and crystallinity is further evidenced via dilatometry.The unique feature of plb crystallization has been discussed based on the radius of gyration of chain in the melt(Rg),and very good agreement is obtained.     

聚卤乙烯单体性质及构型对链柔性和极性的影响

基于旋转异构态模型和生成矩阵统计方法,推导了极性取代基高分子链均方回转半径和均方偶极矩改进的计算公式,应用于研究聚卤乙烯链构象和构型依赖的性质,包括均方回转半径和偶极矩特征比与构象能、链规整程度和温度的关系. 发现构型规整的聚卤乙烯链特征比、温度系数和构象能依赖性质均呈现较大的差异,尤其是间同和全同构型链. 如聚卤乙烯间同链偶极矩特征比随主要相互作用 E 变化比例在-0.62 ~ 0.05 (J/mol)-1之间. 相反,构型不规整的聚卤乙烯链的无扰尺寸则比较接近. 聚氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯和聚溴乙烯无规链均方偶极矩特征比分别为0.80、0.69和0.59,均方偶极矩温度系数为-0.0710-3~ -0.5310-3 K-1,与实验结果符合. 研究结果表明聚卤乙烯单体性质和构型对其链柔性和链极性的影响是显著的.     

New insights into the multiple minima problem

Minima distribution of thorough conformational searches of three peptides of different length ranging from five to nine residues, were compared with the density of states of a flexible molecule derived from the rotational isomeric approximation. It is observed that minima distributions generated from the conformational searches exhibit the same characteristics as the density of states derived from the rotational isomeric model: an asymmetric distribution with a maximum. These results together with a more profound understanding of the characteristics of the energy landscapes of polypeptides, provide new insights into the multiple minima problem. The implications in devising more robust conformational search strategies are discussed.     

无规行走链回转半径几率分布函数的计算

使用无规行走模型,得到了线状分子链回转半径几率分布函数各阶矩的一般表达式。当链段数趋向无穷大时,无规行走链与Gauss链的渐近行为一致。本文还给出了无规行走链回转半径各阶矩的近似计算方法以及2阶矩、4阶矩、6阶矩与链段数关系的严格解析表达式。     

蠕虫状链模型下梳状共聚物分子的均方回转半径的理论分析及其在聚羧酸系减水剂分子中的应用

利用蠕虫状链模型对梳状共聚物分子的均方回转半径进行了理论分析,建立了回转半径与主链轮廓长度、主链持久长度、侧链轮廓长度、侧链持久长度、侧链数目以及侧链沿主链的分布情况（均匀分布和梯度分布）之间的定量数学关系.在此基础上,以被称为\"第一代聚羧酸系高性能减水剂\"（以下简称为MPEG-type PCE）的甲基丙烯酸（MAA）/烯酸甲酯（MAA-MPEG）梳状共聚物分子为研究对象,结合实验数据,对其聚电解质主链的持久长度进行了分析,并考察了主侧链长度、刚柔性、侧链分布、接枝密度等分子结构参数对PCE回转半径的影响,最后对模型的局限性作简要说明.梳状共聚物分子的蠕虫状链模型物理图像简洁,参数意义明确,应用于PCE分子体系时较之前所报道的柔性链模型要更为合理,能够为分析PCE的分子结构与溶液构象和吸附构象之间的关系提供更科学的视角.     

聚苯乙烯链规整度与特性粘数的理论研究

应用构象 构型统计理论和旋转异构态模型 ,考虑大侧基对高分子链构型的影响 ,建立高分子溶液特性粘数与链无规程度的关系 ,并应用于大分子量的聚苯乙烯溶液的特性粘数的计算 ,得到特性粘数与全同、间同和无规链分子量的关系 ,并与实验结果进行比较 ,结果较为满意.