DIMENSIONS OF ATACTIC POLY(α-METHYLSTYRENE) CHAINS WITH SIDE GROUPS

An improved configurational-confomational statistical method is developed and the mean-square radius of gyration for atactic poly(α-methylstyrene)(PαMS) chains is studied, in which the effect of large side groups is considered. The deduced formulas, based on the rotational isomer state theory, are used to investigate the configuration-dependent properties of the atactic polymer chain, and the statistical correlation of the unperturbed polymer chain dimension and structure parameters are calculated. For the fraction of meso dyads wm= 0.4, the dependence of the radius of gyration Rg and the intrinsic viscosity [η] on the molecule mass M are Rg = 2.63 × 10-2M0.50 nm and [η] = 7.36 × 10-2M0.497, respectively, which are in agreement with the previous experimental data for the PαMS samples. A small hump is detected in the curve of the characteristic ratio of the unperturbed mean-square radius of gyration versus the chain length for short PαMS chains. The Rg increases linearly with the temperature T, and the effects of the chain length and the tacticity on the temperature coefficient are remarkable. These are quite different from the results for PαMS chains not considering side groups or for the monosubstituted polystyrene chain.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY（STYRENE—ETHYLENE OXIDE）DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS

Well-defined diblock copolymers of styrene(St) and ethylene oxide(EO) have been prepared by sequential living anionic polymerization of the two comonomers in THF.Diphenyl methyl potassum has been used as initiator.The block copolymers were characterized in detail by methods of size exclusion chromatography(SEC),^1H-NMR,FT-IR,dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) and WAXD.     

活性正离子聚合制备聚(异丁烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物

以2-氯-2,4,4-三甲基戊烷(TMPCl)/TiCl4/质子捕捉剂(DtBP)为引发剂体系,引发异丁烯聚合,随后加入1,1-二(4-甲基苯基)乙烯作为封端剂稳定末端碳正离子,再引入四异丙醇钛(Ti(OiPr)4),降低Lewis酸性,继续引发α-甲基苯乙烯聚合,实现活性正离子聚合制备聚(异丁烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物.考察了α-甲基苯乙烯聚合时间对单体转化率、产物的dn/dc值、分子量及其分布的影响以及四异丙醇钛对聚合速率的影响.并通过体积排斥色谱法/紫外检测器/示差折光指数/多角激光光散射、1H-NMR以及DSC以对产物进行表征.实验结果表明,嵌段共聚物分子量分布窄(MWD≤1.2),单体转化率与分子量呈线性关系,聚合速率对单体浓度呈一级动力学关系,具有活性聚合的特征.Ti(OiPr)4能有效稳定活性中心,降低聚合速率.聚(异丁烯-b-α-甲基苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物的DSC测试发现明显的两个Tg,表明存在微相分离结构.     

EFFECT OF AMPHIPHILIC POLY （STYRENE-B-ETHYLENE OXIDE） DIBLOCK COPOLYMER INTERCALATED LAYERED SILICATE AS FILLER ON ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE RESIN

The diblock copolymers intercalated layered silicate was prepared via a melt dispersion technique. Then the effect of intercalated hybrid as filler on acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene resin was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, stress-strain measurements in elongation.     

立体专一性地合成（Z）-α-氟-β-三氟甲基乙烯基碘化物和应用于合成多氟噻吩基双烯烃

The direct iodination of polyfluorinated vinyl stannanes by tin-iodine exchange methodology was achieved giving （Z）-α-fluoro-β-trifluoromethyl vinyl iodides stereospecifically. Changing the substituent in R group from the electron-withdrawing group to electron-donating group led to an increase in the yield from 78% to 90%, while it was moved from para to meta position the reaction did not afford a dramatic change in the yield （90% to 95%）. In addition, this reaction also can be applied to the vinyl stannane with heterocyclic group. The further coupling reaction of prepared vinyl iodide containing heterocyclic moiety with （Z）-α-fluoro-β-trifluoromethylstannanes gave polyfluorinated heterocyclic alkadienes with 2E,4E-selectivity.     

Limited Fraction of Crystallized Side Chains in Bottlebrush Poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s

Crystallinity of bottlebrush polymers due to side chain crystallization has been considered to be related to the length of the side chains only under the assumption of complete participation of crystallization by all side chains.Recent experimental results revealed that in poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s a fraction of side chains could not crystallize due to constraints imposed by the trapped main chain entanglements and required expansion of main chain-main chain distance.This result renders the or...     

Novel Poly（thienylene Ethynylene）s with Electron-accepting Groups

Since the early works of A. J. Heeger, A G. MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa on semiconducting polymers, π-conjugated oligomers and polymers have been actively investigated for a variety of optoelectronic applications, such as field effect transitors (FET…     

聚氧乙烯链构象性质的三级相互作用近似

基于旋转异构态近似模型 ,用半经验势函数计算了聚氧乙烯 (POE)链在三级相互作用下构象能 ,并用三级相互作用近似下的统计权重矩阵方法计算了POE链的特征比、偶极矩比等构象性质 .结果表明 ,当考虑了三级相互作用时 ,计算结果和实验值符合得比较好 ,与由二级相互作用近似得到的结果相比 ,在很大程度上得到了改善     

Photo-grafting Poly(acrylic acid) onto Poly(lactic acid) Chains in Solution

Poly(lactic acid)(PLA)is one of the most important bio-plastics,and chemical modification of the already-polymerized poly(lactic acid)chains may enable optimization of its material properties and expand its application areas.In this study,we demonstrated that poly(lactic acid)can be readily dissolved in acrylic acid at room temperature,and acrylic acid can be graft-polymerized onto poly(lactic acid)chains in solution with the help of photoinitiator benzophenone under 254 nm ultraviolet(UV)irradiation.Similar photo-grafting polymerization of acrylic acid(PAA)has only been studied before in the surface modification of polymer films.The graft ratio could be controlled by various reaction parameters,including irradiation time,benzophenone content,and monomer/polymer ratios.This photo-grafting reaction resulted in high graft ratio(graft ratio PAA/PLA up to 180%)without formation of homopolymers of acrylic acid.When the PAA/PLA graft ratio was higher than 100%,the resulting PLA-g-PAA polymer was found dispersible in water.The pros and cons of the photo-grafting reaction were also discussed.     

Molecular Size and Morphology of Single Chains of Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)

The effects of the concentration of sodium chloride in an aqueous solution(c_NaCl) and the temperature on the molecular size of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)(PSBMA) were studied via viscometry and dynamic light scattering(DLS). The morphology of single-chain PSBMA was determined by atomic force microscopy(AFM). The results demonstrate that the hydrodynamic diameter of PSBMA can be expressed as a continuous function of c_NaCl, with the molecular size of PSBMA increasing and eventually approaching an asymptotic value with increasing c_NaCl. The molecular size of PSBMA at a lower c_NaCl(0.04 mol/L) increases with increasing temperature, which is the opposite of the temperature effect at a higher c_NaCl(2.0 mol/L). Therefore, the internal structure of PSBMA chains in solutions with a low salt concentration differs from that in solutions with a high salt concentration. In addition, the morphology of single chains of PSBMA appears to be spherical, containing 89% void space, and the apparent size of the dried chains is almost identical to that in solution.     

ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF RADIUS OF GYRATION OF CHAINS IN THE MELT IN THE CRYSTALIZATION OF POLY(1-BUTENE)

Crystallization in polymer systems actually is a process that transfers the entangled melts into a semi-crystallinelayered structure. Whether or not a chain disentangles may result in different crystallization mechanism. When compared tothe crystal thickness (d_c), the volume occupied by the chain in the melt, i.e., the radius of gyration (R_g), plays a veryimportant role in polymer crystallization. When d_c≤R_g, crystallization does not necessitate a chain disentangling. Theentanglements are just shifted into the amorphous regions. However, as d_c>R_g, i.e., as the crystal thickness ges larger thanthe radius of gyration of the chain in the melt, it becomes necessary for a chain to disentangle. Then a change ofcrystallization mechanism occurs. Such change has been experimentally observed in the crystallization of poly(1-butene). Achange in the crystal morphologies from spherulite to quadrangle, is seen via PLM, as crystalliation temperatures increase.Even more, such a change is molecular weigh dependent and shifts to lower temperature as molecular weigh decreases.There exists a jump of crystal thickness and crystallinity associated with morphological change, as seen via SAXS. A changeof crystallization kinetics and crystallinity is further evidenced via dilatometry. The unique feature of P1b crystallization hasbeen discussed based on the radius of gyration of chain in the melt (R_g), and very good agreement is obtained.     

聚卤乙烯单体性质及构型对链柔性和极性的影响

基于旋转异构态模型和生成矩阵统计方法,推导了极性取代基高分子链均方回转半径和均方偶极矩改进的计算公式,应用于研究聚卤乙烯链构象和构型依赖的性质,包括均方回转半径和偶极矩特征比与构象能、链规整程度和温度的关系.发现构型规整的聚卤乙烯链特征比、温度系数和构象能依赖性质均呈现较大的差异,尤其是间同和全同构型链.如聚卤乙烯间同链偶极矩特征比随主要相互作用Eη变化比例在-0.62～0.05(J/mol)-1之间.相反,构型不规整的聚卤乙烯链的无扰尺寸则比较接近.聚氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯和聚溴乙烯无规链均方偶极矩特征比分别为0.80、0.69和0.59,均方偶极矩温度系数为-0.07×10-3～-0.53×10-3 K-1,与实验结果符合.研究结果表明聚卤乙烯单体性质和构型对其链柔性和链极性的影响是显著的.     

胆甾型侧链液晶共聚物的研究

合成并表征了两个胆甾型液晶烯类单位以及它们分别与辛烯－１，二氧化硫进行自由基共聚合得到的一系列不同组成的胆甾型侧链液晶三元共聚砜。研究结果表明：该共聚砜的两个液晶热转变温度均随其中辛烯－１单体单元组份含量的增加而降低。     

聚芳醚酮类聚合物晶体结构醚酮等效性的研究

半结晶的聚芳醚酮类聚合物 ( PAEKs)因其性能优异而在机械、航天等高技术领域中得到广泛应用 .有关其晶体结构的研究亦有许多文献报道[1～ 11] ,而醚基与酮基在晶体结构方面是否等效一直存在争议 .虽然醚酮等效性的观点已被广泛接受 [4～ 8] ,但对于聚合物主链中含联苯基团的 PAEKs的醚酮等效性的研究则复杂得多 .文献 [1 ]报道醚酮等效性在主链含有联苯基团时不再成立 .本文首次发现醚酮等效性在主链含有联苯基团时在适当条件下仍可成立 ,并对聚芳醚酮类聚合物晶体结构的醚酮等效性问题进行了系统阐述 .1　实验部分　　样品联苯聚醚酮 …