近场光镊技术研究新进展

光镊技术,又称光学捕获技术,它是利用光的辐射压力来捕获和操纵包括电介质颗粒、生物细胞及生物大分子在内的微小粒子的。近场光镊技术利用近场光学倏逝场随距离急剧衰减的特征,可显著地降低捕获粒子的尺寸,实现纳米捕获。追踪了近场光镊技术的最新进展,包括全内反射相干倏逝场、近场光学镀膜光纤探针尖、激光照明金属探针尖和聚焦倏逝场用于近场光学捕获,并对其进行了比较,分析了它们存在的主要问题和未来发展方向。     

微米级锥形光纤的近场光镊

分别从理论和实验上分析了光纤表面倏逝场强度的分布(z=10 nm, 100 nm, 500 nm,1 000 nm),研究了微米级光纤光镊对微球的操纵。实验中把直径为125 m的普通单模光纤拉制成锥腰直径为2 m的锥形光纤。当光纤通光时,在光纤锥区倏逝场的作用下,直径3 m的聚苯乙烯微球保持平衡状态,并且光纤附近的微球被吸引到光纤表面,以5.3 m /s的速度沿着光束的传播方向运动。这个实验不仅实现了对微球的成功捕获,而且验证了光纤光镊的力学作用。光纤光镊对微球的无接触、无损伤操纵,将在生物传感领域有潜在的应用。     

“禁戒光”近场光学显微镜原理与系统

扫描近场光学显微术是８０年代后期发展起来的一种分辨率超过衍射极限的新型光学显微镜技术。本文介绍了国外最近出现的“禁戒光”近场光学显微镜系统的工作原理及结构。透射式ＳＮＯＭ中部分光沿着光轴向前传播；部分光沿着大于全内反射临界角的方向传播。前者称为允许光；后者称为禁戒光。应用“禁戒光”近场光学显微镜可同时获得三幅图像，即允许光像、禁戒光像和反映样品表面形貌的剪切力图像。禁戒光图像能够提供很好的对比度和分辨率。     

纳变尺度的光学成像与纳米光谱：近场光学与近场光学显微镜的进展

近场光学是指当光探测器及探测器一样品间距均小于辐射波长条件下的光学现象，利用近场光学扫描显微镜和近场光谱仪，不但能够以突破衍射极限的超高分辨率在纳米尺度实现光学成像，而且还可获得纳米微区的光谱信息，文章介绍近场光学的原理及其在凝聚态物理领域中的应用与进展，并给出了我们的初步结果。     

激光光钳在生物技术中的应用新进展

介绍了激光光钳在生物技术中的应用，阐述了应用机理并展望了进一步的发展。     

近场光学虚拟光探针的数值分析

虚拟光探针是基于近场光学隐失场干涉原理产生的一种非实体探针，可以应用于近场光学超高密度存储、纳米光刻、近场光学成像、光谱探测、纳米样品的近场光学操作等领域。本研究采用三维时间域有限差分（FDTD）方法对近场光学虚拟光探针的光场分布特性进行了数值模拟计算和比较，分析了孔的形状、大小及偏振态等因素对虚拟光探针光场分布的影响，研究结果表明虚拟光探针的通光效率较普通的纳米孔径光纤探针提高10^2-10^4倍；其光场分布的中间峰的半峰全宽（即虚拟光探针的尺寸）在一定距离范围内基本保持不变，从而可以解决近场光学系统中纳米间距控制的难题，避免光学头与介质的磁撞。优化虚拟光探针的设计参量能有效的抑制虚拟光探针中的旁瓣。文章还给出了应用虚拟探针实现高密度光存储的原理方案。     

近场光学理论初探

给出了非辐射场积分式的逐渐逼近表达式，阐明了非辐射场与辐射场一样受到光学信息传递系统的制约，同时阐明了图像畸变的原因．还给出了该系统信息传输自由度的计算公式，阐明了分辨率与光信息传输自由度的关系． 关键词：     

基于纳米孔径激光器的近场光存储的最新发展

近几年发展起来的近场光学原理和方法为实现超高密度光学数据存储开辟了新的技术途径。基于近扬光学方法的最小信息记录单元尺寸突破了经典光学分辨率的衍射极限 ,理论存储密度高达 1 0 0 0Gb/平方英寸 ,受到了研究人员和工业界的广泛关注。着重介绍了用于近场光学存储的纳米孔径激光器的原理、结构、优点 ,对它的实现方法和发展状况作了详细的阐述 ,并对其在近场光存储领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望     

飞秒时间分辨近场光学系统实现及其应用

结合飞秒光脉冲和近场光学显微镜，成功实现了飞秒时间分辨近场光学系统.系统通过高频声光调制和差频锁相探测，极大提高了信噪比并消除了抽运、探测光本底信号，从而在收集模式下测得了飞秒时间分辨的透射光微弱信号变化.同时获得了80nm的空间分辨和小于200fs的时间分辨测量.利用该实验系统，研究了金纳米结构的热电子弛豫动力学过程，观察到不同位置间热电子弛豫动力学的差异. 关键词： 飞秒近场 扫描近场光学显微镜 飞秒光脉冲 金纳米颗粒     

光镊力影响因素的计算分析

运用基于T矩阵算法的开源光镊计算工具包对可能影响光镊力的微粒尺寸、相对折射率以及光束模式进行了研究,计算结果表明,这三方面因素都会对光镊力产生显著影响,微粒直径与波长相等、相对折射率尽可能大时选择恰当的光束模式能够产生最佳的光镊捕获效果.     

Systematical study of the trapping forces of optical tweezers formed by different types of optical ring beams

The technique of optical tweezers has been improved a lot since its invention, which extends the application fields of optical tweezers. Besides the conventionally used Gaussian beams, different types of ring beams have also been used to form optical tweezers for different purposes. The two typical kinds of ring beams used in optical tweezers are the hollow Gaussian beam and Laguerre--Gaussian (LG) beam. Both theoretical computation and experiments have shown that the axial trapping force is improved for the ring beams compared with the Gaussian beam, and hence the trapping stability is improved, although the transverse trapping forces of ring beams are smaller than that of Gaussian beam. However, no systematic study on the trapping forces of ring beam has ever been discussed. In this article, we will investigate the axial and transverse trapping forces of different types of ring beams with different parameters systematically, by numerical computation in which the ray optics model is adopted. The spherical aberration caused by the refractive index mismatch between oil and water is also considered in the article. The trapping forces for different objectives that obey the sine condition and tangent condition are also compared with each other. The result of systematical calculation will be useful for the applications of optical tweezers formed by different types of ring beams.     

超分辨近场结构的研究进展及其应用

超分辨近场结构由于突破了传统远场光学衍射极限的限制,在纳米光储存、微纳米加工、基于局域表面等离子体增强的生物传感器方面展现出良好的应用前景,因此吸引了众多研究者的目光.文章简要介绍了超分辨近场结构的发展历程、相应的工作机理、最新研究动态及其在超高密度光存储、近场光刻中的应用状况,并对未来的工作重点做出展望.     

时域有限差分法数值仿真单光镊中微球受到的光阱力

本文采用三维时域有限差分法(FDTD)和Maxwell应力张量法建立了单光镊在焦点附近俘获球形微粒的光阱力模型,采用基于球矢量波函数(VSWF)的五阶高斯光源作为仿真光源,得到了准确的光场传播.讨论了光源的波长、束腰、偏振态和微球的半径、折射率对光阱力的影响,分析了在单光镊俘获微球时,邻近微球对光阱力的影响.特别研究了光源的偏振态对微球所受光阱力的作用效果,仿真结果表明圆偏振光比线偏振光对微球的俘获力更大;被光镊稳定俘获的微球,会受到邻近微球干扰,失去平衡状态,改变光源的偏振态可以改变微球的受力状态. 关键词： 光镊 光阱力 介质微球 时域有限差分法(FDTD)     

Computer simulation of the collision frequency of two particles in optical tweezers

Optical tweezers have been successfully used in the study of colloid science. In most applications people are concerned with the behaviour of a single particle held in the optical tweezers. Recently, the ability of the optical tweezers to simultaneously hold two particles has been used to determine the stability ratio of colloidal dispersion. This new development stimulates the efforts to explore the characteristics of a two-particle system in the optical tweezers.An infinite spherical potential well has been used to estimate the collision frequency for two particles in the optical trap based on a Monte Carlo simulation. In this article, a more reasonable harmonic potential, commonly accepted for the optical tweezers, is adopted in a Monte Carlo simulation of the collision frequency. The effect of hydrodynamic interaction of particles in the trap is also considered. The simulation results based on this improved model show quantitatively that the collision frequency drops down sharply at first and then decreases slowly as the distance between the two particles increases. The simulation also shows how the collision frequency is related to the stiffness of the optical tweezers.     

Theoretical study of the trapping efficiency of an optical tweezers array system

Optical tweezers have been a valuable research tool since their invention in the 1980s. One of the most important developments in optical tweezers in recent years is the creation of two-dimensional arrays of optical traps. In this paper, a method based on interference is discussed to form gradient laser fields, which may cause the spatial modulation of particle concentration. The parameters related to the optical tweezers array are discussed in detail and simulated by the Matlab software to show the influence of important parameters on the distribution of particle concentration. The spatial redistribution of particles in a laser interference field can also be predicted according to the theoretical analysis.     

Rotation of single live mammalian cells using dynamic holographic optical tweezers

We report on a method for rotating single mammalian cells about an axis perpendicular to the optical system axis through the imaging plane using dynamic holographic optical tweezers (HOTs). Two optical traps are created on the opposite edges of a mammalian cell and are continuously transitioned through the imaging plane along the circumference of the cell in opposite directions, thus providing the torque to rotate the cell in a controlled fashion. The method enables a complete 360° rotation of live single mammalian cells with spherical or near-to spherical shape in 3D space, and represents a useful tool suitable for the single cell analysis field, including tomographic imaging.