The generalised weight function method for crack problems with mixed boundary conditions

The generalised weight function method for determination of stress intensity factors for crack problems with mixed boundary conditions is presented. The method is based on the application of Betti's reciprocal theorem to equivalent crack problems with special boundary conditions, which are converted from the original problems by the principle of superposition. Expressions of stress intensity factors for center cracks subjected to arbitrary stresses in finite plates with various boundary conditions are derived. Examples of practical interest are given. The results reveal the important roles of the boundary displacement constraint and finite dimensions in the crack parameter evaluation.     

Research on Equivalent Processes of Rock Mass Parameters with Anchor Piles

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弱界面异质球形夹杂本征应变问题的解析解

本文研究了具有线弹簧弱界面的异质球形夹杂的本征应变问题，所采用的线弹簧界面模型既能界面的切线方向滑动，又能考虑界面的法线方向张开，根据叠加原理、原问题的弹性场可分成三部分；二部分由真实均匀本征应变所引起，另一部分由等效的非均匀本征应变所引起，后一部分则由虚拟的Ｓｏｍｉｇｌｉａｎａ位错场所产生。本文求得了等效非均匀本征应变和虚拟位错场的Ｂｕｒｇｅｒ矢量的解析表达式，进而确定的问题的弹性场。     

销钉耳片连接件接触应力分析的能量解法

针对光滑无间隙的钉孔接触情况,根据圣维南原理,以耳片孔为中心取出一圆形区域,采用叠加原理将受力状态分解为对称和反对称状态,利用正交完备的三角级数和勒让德级数构造这两种受力状态的位移场.假设接触表面的载荷分布模态,由最小势能原理确定位移函数中的待定系数,得到耳片孔边的位移场和应力场.本文计算结果与有限元数值解比较显示:两...     

DISPLACEMENT CALCULATION FOR STRAIGHT BAR WITH VARIABLE STIFFNESS BASED ON GRAPH MULTIPLICATION METHOD1)

为解决图乘法计算变截面杆件位移时分割图形数目多,计算容易出错这一问题,提出了一种刚度折算的方法,把长度已知的变截面杆件等价转换为两个一定长度的等截面杆件,通过刚度与位移的关系进行折算,然后叠加即可得到正确结果。可显著减少图乘次数,降低计算量,提高计算效率和正确率,值得推广。     

关于弹性体固有频率的两个变分原理

对于几何形狀较复雜的彈性体,要嚴格地根据彈性体力学的全部方程來决定它的固有频率是有很大的困难的,因此在实际上常常采用了各式各样的近似解法,其中最有名的近似解法要算根据萊瑞原理的变分解法(称为萊瑞黎茲法)。在許多問題中,萊瑞黎兹法給出了滿意的結果。但是这个方法在实用上及理論上遺留下两个問題:第一、在許多問題中,我們往往能对应力分布的情況作适当的估計,可是这些估計在萊瑞黎兹法中不能加以充分利用;第二、在各种近似理論中,例如在梁、板、壳的近似理論中,虽然都各有自己的萊瑞原理,可是这些原理并不是彈性体力学中的萊瑞原理的直接的特殊形式。     

二维有限区域饱和软土Biot固结的数值模拟

针对二维有限矩形区域饱和软土固结问题,选取四种不同边界条件组合,利用数值模拟方法研究了在上表面剪切载荷作用下土体沉降变形的特征和规律。结果表明:在剪切载荷单独作用下,土体位移以水平位移为主,同时竖向位移也客观存在。这反映了土体固结过程中流固耦合的物理现象。土层最终变形量(沉降和水平位移)由剪切载荷与土体物性决定,与边界透水性无关;边界条件对土体的变形模式有着决定性影响。剪切载荷作用、法向载荷作用及二者联合作用的计算结果对比表明:虽然软土Biot固结是复杂的流固耦合过程,但在这个过程中载荷叠加原理依然成立。     

Free vibration of horizontally curved thin-walled beams with rectangular hollow sections considering two compatible displacement fields

A finite element is presented for vibration analyses of horizontally curved thin-walled rectangular hollow beams. Eight cross-section deformation modes are employed to describe the mid-surface contour displacement field with the modal superposition method. Focused on the in-plane moment equilibrium condition and the displacement continuity condition, two compatible displacement fields are constructed to calculate the strain energy and the kinetic energy of the beam, respectively. With the application of Hamilton’s principle the dynamic governing equations are formulated, and then approximated for the finite element implementation. Finally, numerical examples are illustrated to verify the validity of the present theory.     

Thermopiezoelectric interaction of macro- and micro-cracks in piezoelectric medium

Considered is the interaction of macro-and micro-cracks in an anisotropic piezoelectric solid. The Green’s function and principle of superposition are used to formulate a system of singular integral equations for solving the unknown temperature discontinuity and elastic displacement-electric potential. The residual heat flux, stress and electric displacement on the microcrack are evaluated directly from the near-tip field of main crack. Numerical results for stress and electric displacement intensity factors in a three-crack system are obtained to illustrate the application of the method.     

A superposition principle in optimal plastic design for alternative loads

The paper is concerned with the optimal plastic design of sandwich beams, frames and trusses for alternative loading conditions. Upper and lower bounds for the optimal weight of a beam are derived, for single as well as for alternative loading conditions. These bounding theorems are used to establish a superposition principle. If no explicit bounds on the cross-sectional areas are prescribed, the optimal design for alternative loading conditions P₁ and P₂ can be obtained by superposition of the optimal designs for the single loading conditions and . If the cross-sections are to have at least given non-zero values, the principle furnishes upper and lower bounds to the optimal weight.The principle is illustrated by a simple example.     

Applications of the reciprocal theorem to solving the equations of the deflection surface of the rectangular plates with various edge conditions

This paper points out that on certain condition the reciprocal theorem is equivalent to the superposition principle of displacements. On the basis of [6], applications of the reciprocal theorem are further extended; a convenient, general and new method for solving the equations of deflection surface of the rectangular plates and the straight beams with various edge conditions under various loads is presented.Northeast Heavy Machinery Institute     

碾压混凝土浇筑层温度场计算模型研究

碾压混凝土浇筑层的初始温度和绝热温升是碾压混凝土坝设计中的常见问题之一,直接关系到温度场仿真计算的精度和计算量问题。本文考虑各碾压层混凝土浇筑时间和水化热散发时间的不同,应用Laplace变换法和叠加原理求出了多层板状结构体的一维温度场理论解答。然后以此解析解为基础,合并多个碾压层为一个浇筑层,建立了温度场等效模型,并给出了复合浇筑层的等效初始温度和等效绝热温升的计算方法。本文的方法能够较好地模拟碾压混凝土分层碾压的施工过程,便于温度场有限元计算,计算结果表明,该方法具有较高的精度。     

Generalized form of boundary value problems method for material modeled as micro-polar media subjecting to the thermo-mechanical interaction

In this paper, the periodic structure material is modeled as the continuum homogeneous micro-polar media subjecting to thermo-mechanical interaction. Meanwhile, a series of equivalent quantities such as the equivalent stress, couple stress, displacement gradient and torsion tensor were defined by the integral forms of the boundary values of the external surface force, moment, displacement and the angular displacement, and were proved to satisfy the equivalence conditions of virtual work. Based on above works, the displacement boundary value problem was established to deduce the equivalent constitutive equation. Assume the representative volume element is composed of the spatial cross-framework, and applying the boundary value problem of displacement on frame structures, the equivalent elastic coefficients, temperature coefficients of equivalent stress and the temperature gradient coefficients of equivalent couple stress are deduced. In addition, themethod can also be extended to the stress boundary value problem to deduce the equivalent constitutive equation. The calculations indicate that the equivalent result can be obtained from the two kinds of boundary value problems.     

高层建筑结构抗震弹塑性简化方法的研究及其应用

以地震反应谱理论为依据，建立了可以考虑多阶振型影响的高层建筑结构弹塑性静力分析方法。在此基础上发展了较简单且较为精确的高层建筑结构弹塑性地震反应计算方法。最后给出的算例论证了本文简化方法的可能性及可行性。     

A new hybrid stress element method for the analysis of elastoplastic solids

Based on a modified Hellinger/Reissner variational principle which includes the equivalent stress, equivalent plastic strain and non-conforming displacement increments as independent variables, a quadrilateral isoparametric hybrid stress element for the analysis of elastoplastic problem is proposed. By this formulation, the yield criterion and flow rule are satisfied in an average sense and greater accuracy can be obtained by using non-conforming displacement. A numerical example is presented to show that the present model has high accuracy and computational effectiveness.This project is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the State Education Commission.     

有限宽板中心裂纹断裂过程区的长度和位移公式

对岩石、混凝土和陶瓷等准脆性材料进行断裂分析,有必要研究裂纹前端的断裂过程区所起的作用以及各种因素对它的影响。本文提出分析有限宽中心裂纹板剪切断裂过程区的方法,此方法基于D－B模型的叠加原理,考虑了压剪断裂的摩擦阻力,并将有限板宽影响简化为载荷的修正,以非常简便的方法推导出计算断裂过程区长度和位移的公式,这些公式补充了现有文献只有“无限大”板的解的不足。利用这些公式,分析各种参数对断裂过程区长度和位移的影响变得非常方便。     

Analysis on the cohesive stress at half infinite crack tip

The nonlinear fracture behavior of quasi-brittle materials is closely related with the cohesive force distribution of fracture process zone at crack tip. Based on fracture character of quasi-brittle materials, a mechanical analysis model of half infinite crack with cohesive stress is presented. A pair of integral equations is established according to the superposition principle of crack opening displacement in solids, and the fictitious adhesive stress is unknown function . The properties of integral equations are analyzed, and the series function expression of cohesive stress is certified. By means of the data of actual crack opening displacement, two approaches to gain the cohesive stress distribution are proposed through resolving algebra equation. They are the integral transformation method for continuous displacement of actual crack opening, and the least square method for the discrete data of crack opening displacement. The calculation examples of two approaches and associated discussions are give     

Multiple cracks in thermoelectroelastic bimaterials

The formulation for thermal stress and electric displacement in an infinite thermopiezoelectric plate with an interface and multiple cracks is presented. Using Green's function approach and the principle of superposition, a system of singular integral equations for the unknown temperature discontinuity defined on each crack face is developed and solved numerically. The formulation can then be used to calculate some fracture parameters such as the stress–electric displacement and strain energy density factor. The direction of crack growth for many cracks in thermopiezoelectric bimaterials is predicted by way of the strain energy density theory. Numerical results for stress–electric displacement factors and crack growth direction at a particular crack tip in two crack system of bimaterials are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed formulation.     

含双周期裂纹群弹性板的弱化问题

应用隔离分析与叠加原理，研究了沿一个方向共线的双周期裂纹群的相互作用，提出了一种新的近似解法，将裂纹尖端应力强度因子及裂纹表面间断位移用解析或半解析的式子直接表达出来，进而求出双周期裂纹板的有效弹模及柔度矩阵，算法简单，结果精确，是一种处理双周期裂纹群问题的有效方法。     

水浮力对浮桥动力响应特性的分析

为了研究水介质的浮力对桥梁静态响应、特别是动态响应的影响,了解水浮力在桥梁动力响应上的作用及其大小,利用虚功原理和振型叠加法对桥梁运动的控制方程进行求解,并编制了通用的求解程序,通过对比简支梁桥和浮桥各阶振型的传播速度、静力作用、单阶荷载作用以及移动荷载作用下的动力响应,得出水浮力的存在大大降低了浮桥的挠度,使得浮桥的动力响应存在临界长度,即简支梁桥的运动整体性强,而浮桥的运动局部性强,对浮桥进行动力分析时,可以在临界长度以内进行处理,而不必对整个桥梁进行求解.