Theory of two-magnon dissipation in disordered ferromagnets I. Relation to sample statistics

The theory of two-magnon dissipation in disordered ferromagnetic materials is developed. Fluctuations of one-ion anisotropy energy due to the disorder are assumed to be the source of the linewidth broadening (relaxation of magnons by two-magnon scattering). Ordinary two-magnon theory is reconsidered on the basis of the sample statistics. The main idea of it is to describe the macroscopic properties of materials by means of quantities, whose relative fluctuations over the ensemble of configurations are negligibly small for sufficiently large sample. The energies of magnons — modes with well defined wave vectork — and their lifetimes are shown to be such variables. Further, possible models for a two-component ferromagnet are considered in the approximation of high external field. The energies of magnons in mixed crystal are obtained as linear combinations of those in parent crystals. Finally, the dependence of magnon lifetimes on the ordering is separated from the dependence on the magnitude of anisotropy variations.     

Evidence for an electric-dipole active continuum band of spin excitations in multiferroic TbMnO3

The wide range optical spectra on a multiferroic prototype TbMnO3 have been investigated to clarify the origin of spin excitations observed in the far-infrared region. We elucidate the full band structure, whose high energy edge (133 cm;{-1}) exactly corresponds to twice of the highest-lying magnon energy. Thus the origin of this absorption band is clearly assigned to two-magnon excitation driven by the electric field of light. There is an overlap between the two-magnon and phonon energy ranges, where the strong coupling between them is manifested by the frequency shift and transfer of oscillator strength of the phonon mode.     

Green’s function approach to the low temperature properties of Cs<Subscript>2</Subscript>CuCl<Subscript>4</Subscript>: anisotropy effects

We have studied the effect of both axial and transverse anisotropy on the critical field and thermodynamic properties of the field induced three dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the frustrated hexagonal lattice for Cs₂CuCl₄ compound. The spin model is mapped to a bosonic one with the hard core repulsion constraint and the Green’s function approach has been implemented to get the low energy spectrum and the corresponding thermodynamic properties. To find the critical field (B _c ) we have looked for the Bose-Einstein condensation of quasi-particles (magnons) which takes place when the magnon spectrum vanishes at the ordering spiral wave vector. We have also obtained the dispersion of magnon spectrum in the critical magnetic field for each anisotropy parameter to find the spiral wave vector where the spectrum gets its minimum. The magnon energies show a linear dispersion relation close to the quantum critical point. The effect of hard core boson interaction on the single particle excitation energies leads to a temperature dependence of the magnon spectrum versus magnetic field. We have also studied the behavior of specific heat and static structure factor versus temperature and magnetic field.     

Two-Soliton Bound States in a Heisenherg Spin Chain

An inhomogeneous Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian with single ion anisotropy is used to investigate the nonlinear excitations in ferromagnetic chain. By means of the Holstein-Primakoff transformation and Glauber's coherent-state representation, the equation of motion for anni-hilation operator a(j) is reduced to a nonlinear Schrödinger-like equation in the semiclassical approximation and the long wave approximation. For a homogeneous system, the exact and explicitly single soliton (localized magnon state) and two-magnon bound state solutions are Given by the inverse scattering transform.     

Electrical transport in La1−x Ca x MnO3 thin films at low temperatures

We report here the low-temperature resistivity of the chemical solution deposited La_1−x Ca _x MnO₃ (x=0.2, 0.3 and 0.33) thin films on LaAlO₃ substrates. The films were post-annealed in atmosphere at 850°C. The low temperature resistivity data has been studied in order to understand the nature of low-temperature conduction processes. The data showed T ² dependence from 60 K to 120 K consistent with the single magnon scattering process. The deviation from this quadratic temperature dependence at low temperatures is attributed to the collapse of the minority spin band. The two-magnon and electron-phonon processes contribute to scattering of carriers in the temperature range above 120 K.     

Possible interplay between a two phonon mode and high energy magnetic excitations in BiFeO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

We have performed Raman measurements on high energy excitations in BiFeO₃ single crystals as a function of both temperature and laser excitation lines. A strong feature observed at 1250 cm^-1 in the Raman spectra has been previously assigned to two phonon overtone. This peak exhibits an unusual frequency shift with the laser lines and the temperature dependence of its Fano lineshape shows two singularities at 150 K and 200 K which can be related to magnetic excitations. In the same energy range, we have also identified the two-magnon excitation with a temperature dependence very similar to the one measured for the one-magnon modes.     

Energy excitations in three-axial magnets with single-ion and exchange anisotropies

The energy spectra of three-axial ferromagnets like U₃P₄ and ferrimagnets like U₃Sb₄ are presented and their properties are discussed. In case of U₃Sb₄ we find an interesting example of a magnetic structure which, due to the single-ion anisotropy, is unstable in the spin wave approximation. The k² dependence of magnon energies requires re-examination of the temperature dependence of the magnetisation and of the specific heat.     

RbNiF3自旋波量子对的Raman散射谱理论分析

在温度由零度直到Néel温度的范围内讨论了RbNiF₃自旋波量子对的Raman散射谱。由一般的对称性原理及实验结果的分析导出磁性系统与辐射场相互作用哈密顿量的具体形式;应用推迟Green函数运动方程方法,得到散射截面的解析表达式;在自旋波量子对传播子中同时计入能量重正化和寿命的效应。最后,在适当的近似下用计算机作数值计算,在没有可调整参数的情况下得到了在Néel温度以下的Raman峰值位置和半宽度随温度的变化关系及各种温度下的Raman谱形,它们与实验结果符合得较好。 关键词：     

Raman scattering from phonons and magnons in antiferromagnetic Fe3BO6

Raman scattering by phonons and by magnon pairs has been observed in Fe₃BO₆. Of the predicted 60 Raman-active modes, 39 have been identified and classified according to their symmetries. The two-magnon band shows a strong decrease in intensity with increasing temperature, and almost vanishes close to T_N = 508 K. The origin of this effect is attributed to the existence of a nearly dispersionless magnon branch.     

Propagating energy modes in the heisenberg chain: Just plain magnons

We show that the oscillations in the energy density observed in classical simulations on ferromagnetic chains are present in the antiferromagnet as well, and are not due to hydrodynamic “second magnon” modes, but arise from a singularity in the non interacting two spin wave density of states.Quantum occupation number effects change qualitatively the nature of the oscillations, producing a perfectly well defined mode at the spin wave frequency as T→0.     

Magnon bands in twisted bilayer honeycomb quantum magnets

We study the magnon bands of twisted bilayer honeycomb quantum magnets using linear spin wave theory. Although the interlayer coupling can be ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic, we keep the intralayer one ferromagnetic to avoid possible frustration. For the interlayer ferromagnetic case, we find the magnon bands have similar features with the corresponding electronic energy spectrums. Although the linear dispersions near the Dirac points are preserved in the magnon bands of twisted bilayer magnets, their slopes are reduced with the decrease of the twist angles. On the other hand, the interlayer antiferromagnetic couplings generate quite different magnon spectra. The two single-layered magnon spectra are usually decoupled due to the opposite orientations of the spins in the two layers. We also develop a low-energy continuous theory for very small twist angles, which has been verified to fit well with the exact tight-binding calculations. Our results may be experimentally observed due to the rapid progress in two-dimensional magnetic materials.     

The spin density waves in chromium detected by hyperfine field measurements

The magnetic hyperfine field of tantalum nuclei in a high purity chromium matrix has been measured using the Time Differential Perturbed Angular Correlation technique. The spectra show that the hyperfine field is proportional to the amplitude of the spin density wave of chromium and that the tantalum probe nuclei do not clamp the phase of the spin density wave. The incommensurate antiferromagnetic first order phase transition as well as the spin flip transition have been observed. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine field is shown to deviate from the temperature dependence of the maximum magnetization of the spin density wave.     

Ultrafast magnon generation in an Fe film on Cu(100)

We report on a combined experimental and theoretical study of the spin-dependent relaxation processes in the electron system of an iron film on Cu(100). Spin-, time-, energy- and angle-resolved two-photon photoemission shows a strong characteristic dependence of the lifetime of photoexcited electrons on their spin and energy. Ab?initio calculations as well as a many-body treatment corroborate that the observed properties are determined by relaxation processes involving magnon emission. Thereby we demonstrate that magnon emission by hot electrons occurs on the femtosecond time scale and thus provides a significant source of ultrafast spin-flip processes. Furthermore, engineering of the magnon spectrum paves the way for tuning the dynamic properties of magnetic materials.     

Temperature effects on the two-magnon Raman-scattering of antiferromagnets

In this first of two papers we investigate the temperature effect on the spin wave energy and the two-magnon Raman scattering cross section for an antiferromagnet with rutile structure in the spin wave scheme. In the Heisenberg hamiltonian we consider the exchange interaction between magnetic neighbors up to the third order, an effective anisotropy field, and an external magnetic field. In the effective Raman hamiltonian an anisotropy factor, allowed by the crystal symmetry, is taken into account.The theory employs a Green's function method, where the Green's functions are obtained from equations of motion. The results are similar to published ones obtained with diagrammatic techniques.Extract from thesis, Munich, 1974     

Coherent magnetic oscillation in the spin ladder system alpha(')- NaV2O5

We report the first observation of coherent magnetic excitations in a spin ladder system NaV2O5 by using femtosecond time-domain spectroscopy. A pronounced coherent oscillation is observed at 127 cm(-1) (nearly twice the spin gap energy) and assigned to a two-magnon bound state, based on the temperature dependence of the intensity below the charge ordering phase transition at T(C) = 34 K. This mode can be observable only when circularly polarized light is used as a pump or a probe beam, suggesting that it corresponds to a spin-flip excitation from the singlet ground state. A phonon mode strongly coupled to the spin state is also found at 303 cm(-1).     

Finite size and temperature effects in the AF Heisenberg model

The low temperature and large volume effects in thed=2+1 antiferomagnetic quantum Heisenberg model are dominated by magnon excitations. The leading and next-to-leading corrections are fully controlled by three physical constants, the spin stiffness, the spin wave velocity and the staggered magnetization. Among others, the free energy, the ground state energy, the low lying excitations, staggered magnetization, staggered and uniform susceptibilities are studied here. The special limits of very low temperature and infinite volume are considered also.     

Magnon-hole scattering and charge order in Sr14-xCaxCu24O41

The magnon thermal conductivity kappa(mag) of the hole-doped spin ladders in Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 has been investigated at low doping levels x. The analysis of kappa(mag) reveals a strong doping and temperature dependence of the magnon mean free path l(mag), which is a local probe for the interaction of magnons with the doped holes in the ladders. In particular, this novel approach to studying charge degrees of freedom via spin excitations shows that charge ordering of the holes in the ladders leads to a freezing out of magnon-hole scattering processes.     

Lineshape and moment analysis of the dynamic susceptibility in ferromagnets. Iron above Tc

A method is described for separating the magnetic response function of ferromagnets into magnon creation and annihilation parts, even above the Curie temperature. In the simplest approximation the lineshape is Gaussian in the magnitude of the momentum transfer at constant energy, and this is observed in iron. The magnitude, energy dependence, and temperature dependence of the line width and peak position are as predicted. An exact moment analysis lends support to the approximate expression.     

New properties of magnon density in uniaxial anisotropic ferromagnet on the background of spin wave

The N-soliton solutions of magnetization in uniaxial anisotropic ferromagnet on the background of spin wave are presented by using the effective Darboux transformation method. With the analytical solutions new properties of magnon density is studied in detail. On the ground state background the magnon density is constant for the spin wave solution and the magnetic soliton, respectively. However, on the spin wave background the magnon density possesses of temporal or spatial periodic oscillation. Moreover, the soliton solution possess the breather character in its propagation along the ferromagnet. These results show that during soliton propagation a periodic magnon exchange occurs between the magnetic soliton and the spin wave background.     

The spin wave stiffness constant in itinerant electron ferromagnetic transition metal dilute alloys

The spin wave stiffness constant is calculated for itenerant electron ferromagnetic transition metal dilute alloys. Calculations are made in the Random Phase Approximation, using the method of effective magnon Hamiltonian. The term in the magnon energy proportional to impurity concentration is calculated by summing up exactly a perturbational series.