Electrostatic charging of an electrically insulated metal body as a result of thermionic emission from its surface

The electrostatic charging of an electrically insulated metal body (emitter) as a result of thermionic emission current from the body to the ambient is investigated. The cases when the body is in vacuum and in plasma are considered. It is assumed that electrons in the surface layer of the metal body have its temperature or are heated to the temperature of “hot” electrons. The electric currents determining the charging/discharging processes in the body are determined. The values of the electric charge, field strength, and potential of the metal body are estimated.     

钝头体流场结构及俯仰动态特征分析

钝头体跨声速段稳态流场的数值模拟结果显示,其尾流区内含有丰富的流场结构,流场结构直接影响着钝头体的后体压力分布.自由振动数值模拟结果显示,钝头体在跨声速区出现动不稳定,最终进入极限环振动.通过分析发现,在振动过程中,钝头体前体对流场做正功,释放钝头体振动能量,抑制振幅增加,流场对钝头体后体做正功,增加钝头体振动能量,导致振幅增加,当两者相等时,振动进入极限环状态.     

Transformation of elastic wave energy to the energy of motion of bodies

The motion of a body along an elastic guide under the effect of an incident wave is considered. An equation describing the longitudinal motion of a body along an arbitrary guide is derived from the laws governing the energy and momentum variations for the case when the incident wave generates a single reflected wave. The equations that describe the motion of a body along a string and along a beam corresponding to the Bernoulli-Euler model are considered as examples. The process of the body acceleration along a beam of the aforementioned type is investigated. For the subcritical velocities, the law governing the motion of the body and the ratio of the kinetic energy variation to the energy supplied to the body are determined.     

基于机器视觉的马体尺测量系统设计与研究

传统马体尺的人工测量方法工作量大且存在安全隐患,对此提出基于线性回归理论和机器视觉技术的马体尺测量方法,旨在测量马体的基本数据如体高、体长、胸围、管围;首先,在Matlab中利用图像腐蚀方法得到马体轮廓,并在2D图像上精确定位马体坐标,获得体高、体长指标;然后,自定义胸径、管径指标,代入线性回归方程预测胸围、管围;最后利用Matlab GUI工具设计系统可视化界面,并初步完成系统的仿真测试;仿真结果表明,利用线性相关及线性回归理论解决3D指标的预测问题,具备测量依据和借鉴意义。     

用推广的等效两体方法求解类氦离子三体问题

介绍了求解三体问题的等效两体方法,将等效两体方法推广到原子系统,利用该方法求解类氦离子的基态,与一般的单参数变分法相比得到了与实验值符合得更好的结果,进而利用双参数变分法对所得结果进行了检验。 结果表明,等效两体方法同样适用于求解原子系统中的三体问题。 An extended equivalent two body method for three body systems is introduced in this article. The method is applied to an atomic three body system. Energies and wave functions of a helium like ion are calculated,which are consistent with the experimental data much better,in contrast to the results obtained by a one parameter calculus of variations approach. Then we use a two parameter calculus of variations approach to verify the precision of the ground state energy and wave function obtained by the extended equivalent two body method. These results indicated that the extended equivalent two body method is applicable to an atomic three body problem.     

基于(火积)理论的“+”形高导热构形通道实验研究

基于构形理论和■理论,对"+"形高导热通道的方形构造体开展导热实验研究,并对不同优化目标和不同高导热通道布置形式下的构造体导热性能进行比较.结果表明:对于"+"形高导热通道的方形构造体,实验和数值计算所得到的构造体最高温度点均位于"+"形高导热通道两分支之间,实验和数值计算所得到的构造体平均温差和■耗散率的误差均在可接受范围内,这从定性和定量的角度证明了导热构形优化结果的正确性.与"H"形高导热通道的方形构造体相比,构造体内高导热通道采用一级"+"形布置使得其导热■耗散率得到降低.■耗散率最小的一级"+"形高导热通道构造体最优构形与最大温差最小的构造体最优构形相比,前者的导热■耗散率降低了5.98%,但最大温差提高了3.57%.最大温差最小目标有助于提高构造体的热安全性,■耗散率最小目标有助于提高构造体的整体导热性能.在保证热安全性能的前提下,实际微电子器件设计中可采用■耗散率最小的构造体最优构形以提高其整体导热性能.     

The measurement of motion trajectories by speckle photography

We present a method for studying the lateral motion of a body with a rough surface. A speckle photograph of the moving body is recorded in addition to a still photograph of the same body. The total photograph is then optically Fourier transformed and recorded. Yet another optical Fourier transform yields a display of the motion path (‘trajectory’) of the moving body.     

Research on sound radiation from body in free field

I.IntroductionWhenastructurcvibratcs,itsvibratingsurfacewillmakesurroundingmediummovetogethcrwithit.Ifthernotionissofastthatthcmediumroundthestructureproduccaloca1contractionandcxpansionandthcypropagatefaraway,thesoundradiationisformed.Itispossiblctodcscribeanalytica11ytheradiationfic1dofsimplyandregularlyshapcdsourcessuchaspointsoundsourccs,spherica1soundsourccsandinflnite1engthllnearsoundsourccs,butitisa1mostimpossib1ctosolvetheradiationfiledbyanyanalyt-ica1methodforsourcesofvcrycomplicateds…     

利用刚体转动惯量实验仪验证转动定律的设计

介绍了设计性实验“利用刚体转动惯量实验仪验证转动定律”.该实验要求学生理解刚体动力学原理;利用实验室现有的仪器,对刚体转动惯量实验仪进行改装;提出新的实验原理,可以对阻力矩进行估测,利用该实验装置验证刚体定轴转动定律.     

用三线摆研究垂直轴定理

用三线摆对刚体薄圆盘绕不同轴转动时的转动惯量进行测量,通过实验与数据分析,验证了反映刚体转动惯量重要性质的垂直轴定理,从而实现了对刚体转动惯量实验内容的扩充.     

基于光纤布拉格光栅的智能服装人体测温模型研究

根据热量传递机理建立了智能服装中光纤布拉格光栅人体测温的热传递物理模型,对人体、空气层和服装之间的热传递进行了有限元建模和稳态热分析,确定了智能服装中光纤布拉格光栅温度场的数学模型,利用该数学模型对光纤布拉格光栅测量温度值进行了修正.在多点加权皮肤平均温度的基础上,提出了由左右胸、左右腋和后背五处皮肤温度构成的智能服装...     

Incremental approach to strongly correlated many-body finite systems

The transition and the Green operators of an interacting N body system are obtained from the solutions of the N-M body problem where M = 1,2,ellipsis,N-2. This is achieved via the development of a cumulative, nonperturbative approach that makes use of existing knowledge on the system when the number of interacting particles is reduced. The method is applied to four interacting Coulomb particles where the Green operator is expressed as a sum of Green operators of all three body subsystems that can be combined within the four body system. The calculated four particle continuum spectrum is in a remarkable agreement with recent experimental findings.     

高温高密度条件下氢分子间三体与四体相互作用

 为描述高温高密度条件下氢分子间复杂的多体相互作用，以Ree和Bender对两个氢分子间平均作用势的CI计算结果为基础，提出一种可以描述旋转氢分子外域电子云分布的等效氦原子模型。采用该模型所计算的氢分子三体势与CI计算结果符合较好。还对氢分子间四体势进行了计算。     

Non-stationary electrical charging of a conductive body in the medium with the ionic component at instantaneous loss by a body an electrical link with earthed object

Theoretical and numerical research of electric charging of conducting body in the environment with ionic component at instant loss by a body of electric contact to the earthed object is carried out. Two situations are considered: the first, stationary situation which is realized when the electric current, coming on a body, through contact leaves on the earth. The second, non-stationary situation, arises when contact of a body to the earthed object disappears, and on a body the electric charge starts to grow. On the basis of electro-dynamic equations the general statement of a problem is given. Numerical modelling is executed.     

Application of the gradient heat flux sensor to study pulsed processes in a shock tube

The surface temperature of a model body of revolution placed in a pulsed supersonic nitrogen flow is measured with the help of a gradient heat flux sensor. From the measured temperature, a heat flux toward the surface of the body is determined. The steady flow of a viscous transcalent gas about the body is numerically calculated. The results of the numerical calculation and measuring data are in good agreement.     

一种低速运动目标检测和识别的高阶累积量方法

强杂波背景下生命体运动低速目标的检测和识别是信号处理领域的难点.对采样数据的分析表明,生命体低速运动目标的回波信号可简化为正弦谐波过程,而墙体建筑物等固定物体杂波是高斯分布.因高斯分布杂波的高阶累积量为零,本文提出用高阶累积量方法抑制杂波,通过高阶谱分析和FFT积累,给出了目标检测和识别算法.实验结果表明,该方法构建的系统能穿透30 cm砖墙建筑物,探测出距离墙12 m远的人体低速运动目标信号.     

Calculation of electric and magnetic induced fields in humans subjected to electric power lines

In this work, analysis of the human body exposed to high voltage electric and magnetic fields is presented. The distribution of the electric field is obtained by using Laplace's equation. This relates the surface charge induced on the body to the potential in a reciprocal Laplace problem, which is then calculated by charge simulation method coupled with genetic algorithms to determine the appropriate arrangement of simulating charges inside the human body. The magnetic field intensity along the vertical center line of the human is calculated. Exposure to external electric and magnetic fields at power frequency induces electric field, magnetic field and currents inside the human body. The presented model for simulating electric and magnetic fields are a three dimensional field problem and introduced different types of charges to simulate the different elementary geometrical shapes of human body. The particular strength of the charge simulation method in this application is its ability to allow a detailed representation of the shape and posture of the human body. The results have been assessed through comparison induced current, electric field, magnetic field and there distribution over the body surface, as estimated in other experimental and computational work.     

Free and controlled motion of a body with a moving internal mass through a fluid in the presence of circulation around the body

The free and controlled motion of an arbitrary two-dimensional body with a moving internal mass and constant circulation around the body in an ideal fluid is studied. Bifurcation analysis of the free motion is performed (under the condition of a fixed internal mass). It is shown that the body can be moved to a given point by varying the position of the internal mass. Some problems related to the presence of a nonzero drift of the body with a fixed internal mass are noted.     

Electric field accompanying the motion of a body in air

Air flow electrization induced by the motion of bodies made of different materials is studied experimentally by detecting a potential appearing at an annular antenna through which the body passes. It is found that the motion of the body is accompanied by the motion of two unlike charges. The positions of the charges relative to the moving body versus its length are determined. Some parameters influencing the value of the charges are considered. It is shown that the kinematics of the body can be determined by recording an electric field accompanying its motion.     

A novel iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method and its finite volume applications

We present a novel iterative immersed boundary (IB) method in which the body force updating is incorporated into the pressure iterations. Because the body force and pressure are solved simultaneously, the boundary condition on the immersed boundary can be fully verified. The computational costs of this iterative IB method is comparable to those of conventional IB methods. We also introduce an improved body force distribution function which transfers the body force in the discrete volume of IB points to surrounding Cartesian grids totally. To alleviate the demanding computational requirements of a full-resolved direct numerical simulation, a wall-layer model is presented. The accuracy and capability of the present method is verified by a variety of two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations, ranging from laminar flow past a cylinder and a sphere to turbulent flow around a cylinder. The improvement of the iterative IB method is fully demonstrated and the influences of different body force distribution strategies is discussed.