显微栅线投影法用于微镜转角测量

采用显微栅线投影法结合相移技术测量了微镜在不同驱动电压下的转角,并同理论值进行了比较,平均误差为4.5%,结果表明:测量值和理论值比较吻合.     

采样窗口对光学系统MTF测量影响的研究

对光学系统MTF测试中采样窗口对其测量影响进行了研究。在对标准镜头MTF测试时,采用离散傅里叶变换计算,线扩散函数扫描方向长度为所选针孔像线扩散函数半高宽的5倍左右时,MTF测试结果与设计值差异极值为0．011;采用快速傅里叶变换计算,线扩散函数扫描方向长度为所选针孔像线扩散函数半高宽的5倍左右时,同时采样点数要满足2^N,测试结果与设计值差异极值为0．010。为了证明此结论的普适性,按所提的采样窗口选取原则,对大像差镜头轴上和轴外的MTF进行了试验,并将测试结果与OPTIKOS的测试结果进行对比,最大极差为0．013。试验结果表明,此结论能够为光学系统MTF测试时采样窗口选择提供依据。     

旁路耦合电弧焊温度场模拟及验证

针对旁路耦合电弧焊的特点, 建立了一种适于用旁路耦合电弧焊的复合热源模型. 利用该热源模型对不同焊接参数下的旁路耦合电弧焊温度场进行了数值分析, 得到了总电流相同时不同旁路电流下的焊缝熔深、母材温度和特征点焊接热循环曲线的模拟结果, 分析了旁路耦合电弧焊焊接参数对母材热输入的影响, 并将特征点热循环曲线的模拟结果与相同条件下的试验结果进行了比较. 结果表明, 焊接总电流相同时母材热输入随着旁路电流的增加而降低, 且越靠近焊缝母材热输入的降幅越大, 特征点焊接热循环曲线的模拟结果与试验结果基本一致, 旁路耦合电弧焊温度场模型是合理的, 所建立的热源模型能够正确反映焊接参数与母材热输入之间的关系.     

耦合带状线定向耦合器大功率合成器的设计

介绍了直线加速器高频全固态功率源中大功率合成器件-3 dB定向耦合器的理论计算和工程设计过程, 该合成器工作频率80.5 MHz, 输出连续波功率大于20 kW。 分析了合成器的功率容量, 并对相应的理论计算结果、 CST (Computer Simulation Technology)软件模拟计算结果和实际功率合成器件测量结果进行了比较。 通过比较得出, CST仿真结果与测试结果基本一致, 隔离度和电压驻波比等实测指标优于设计指标, 只有耦合度与设计指标有些偏差, 总体上达到了预期的设计要求。 在输出功率20 kW时, 取样波形无失真, 合成器无明显温升, 满足固态功率源大功率稳定运行的要求。 The principle of design and calculation of the power synthesis in the solid state amplifier are described in this paper. The working frequency of the synthesizer is 80.5 MHz. The output continuous wave power is more than 20 kW; The synthesizer power capacity is analyzed. The theoretical calculation results, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulated results are compared with the measured results of the actual 3 dB couplers. The analysis of the measured results and CST calculated results shows that the simulation is in agreement with the measurement results which meet the design requirements of the solid state amplifier. Except the coupling coefficient, the isolation, the VSWR and other parameters are better than the design target. When the output power is 20 kW, the sampling waveform has no deform and the temperature of the synthesizer is stable.     

脉冲宽度对核电磁脉冲烧毁RS触发器效应的影响

利用实验室自主开发的二维半导体器件-电路联合仿真器对RS触发器在核电磁脉冲注入下的烧毁情况进行研究,发现烧毁发生在RS触发器内n沟道增强型MOSFET栅极和漏极之间的沟道内。RS触发器烧毁的功率阈值随着脉冲宽度的增加而降低,当脉冲宽度大于80 ns后阈值变化很小。根据仿真结果,通过热传导方程对RS触发器的烧毁情况进行建模,得到了不同脉冲宽度核电磁脉冲注入下RS触发器烧毁功率阈值的理论模型,仿真结果证明了理论模型的正确性。     

Current-voltage characteristic of a narrow-band semiconductor taking into account ionization of impurities

The current-voltage characteristic of a material with a narrow conduction band in a strong electric field is studied taking into account ionization of deeply lying impurities in the model, in which collisions of charge carriers are described in the Fokker-Planck approximation. The results are compared with analogous results obtained in the v approximation. It is shown that the results obtained earlier in the v approximation coincide with our results to within ∼ 5%. It is noted that the Fokker-Planck model additionally provides the temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristic.     

脉冲宽度对核电磁脉冲烧毁RS触发器效应的影响

利用实验室自主开发的二维半导体器件-电路联合仿真器对RS触发器在核电磁脉冲注入下的烧毁情况进行研究,发现烧毁发生在RS触发器内n沟道增强型MOSFET栅极和漏极之间的沟道内。RS触发器烧毁的功率阈值随着脉冲宽度的增加而降低,当脉冲宽度大于80 ns后阈值变化很小。根据仿真结果,通过热传导方程对RS触发器的烧毁情况进行建模,得到了不同脉冲宽度核电磁脉冲注入下RS触发器烧毁功率阈值的理论模型,仿真结果证明了理论模型的正确性。     

X射线散射对面密度测量结果影响的数值模拟研究

定性分析了X射线散射对面密度测量结果的影响,给出了面密度测量结果偏差的评估表达式。利用蒙特卡罗方法数值模拟了不同照相布局、不同光源能量和不同材料类型情形下X射线散射对测量结果的影响。模拟结果表明:在无防护窗情形下,被测物自身散射将导致测量结果偏小;在有防护窗情形下,前窗散射对测量结果的影响不大,后窗散射对测量结果的影响与接收介质离被测物的距离有关,具体表现为距离越小影响越大;在一定光子能量范围内,光源能量越低散射导致的测量偏差越大;被测物的原子序数和密度越大,散射导致的测量偏差越大。     

X射线散射对面密度测量结果影响的数值模拟研究

定性分析了X射线散射对面密度测量结果的影响,给出了面密度测量结果偏差的评估表达式。利用蒙特卡罗方法数值模拟了不同照相布局、不同光源能量和不同材料类型情形下X射线散射对测量结果的影响。模拟结果表明：在无防护窗情形下,被测物自身散射将导致测量结果偏小;在有防护窗情形下,前窗散射对测量结果的影响不大,后窗散射对测量结果的影响与接收介质离被测物的距离有关,具体表现为距离越小影响越大;在一定光子能量范围内,光源能量越低散射导致的测量偏差越大;被测物的原子序数和密度越大,散射导致的测量偏差越大。     

匹配滤波器映射编码方法研究

在Vander Lugt 相关器中,预先制作的匹配滤波器是系统能否得到较好的相关识别结果的关键。通常使用的迂回相位匹配滤波器编码法数据利用率不高,相关效果有进一步改进的空间。对基于最小欧几里德距离的映射编码法进行了研究,利用空间光调制器的振幅与相位调制特性进行滤波器编码,通过仿真实验分析了匹配滤波函数幅度因子对相关结果的影响,并与迂回相位编码法的相关结果进行了对比分析。从仿真结果可以看出:匹配滤波函数幅度因子越大,相关峰值越高;当幅度因子达到103时,相关峰值达到最大值;此时,映射编码法的相关峰值接近于迂回相位编码法的2倍。因此映射编码法比迂回相位编码法更有利于相关峰的判别。     

The self-trapping of hydrogen in semiconductors

Recent theoretical calculations are discussed which show that the minimum energy site for hydrogen in silicon is the bond-centered site, while a secondary minimum is at the anti-bonding site, it is noted that these results are strongly dependent on the relaxation experienced by the silicon atoms neighboring the hydrogen. Several experimental results are discussed, namely, the observed model of the hydrogen-passivated acceptor, etching of the silicon surface by hydrogen, the exponential depth dependence of the near-surface hydrogen diffusion profile, and related muonium results, and from these results it is argued that, in some instances at least, the BC-site is the lowest energy site for hydrogen.     

温度对PIN二极管限幅器功率响应特性的影响

通过求解PIN二极管基区双极载流子扩散方程得到了限幅器Pspice等效电路模型, 根据PIN二极管物理参数与温度的关系, 数值计算得到了PIN二极管限幅器在多个温度点的功率响应特性, 发现温度的升高会使限幅器内部损耗增加, 加剧限幅器内部热损伤。并利用恒温控制系统进行了实验验证, 实验结果与数值计算结果相符合。实验还发现高温热冲击可能使限幅器限幅能力大幅下降, 可能成为通信系统的重大安全隐患。     

Performance of thermal evaluation of multi-effect distillation system

In this communication, a simple thermal analysis of a multi-effect distillation system has been presented in terms of climatic and system parameters. Numerical computations have been carried out for a typical day of Delhi. On the basis of numerical results, it is observed that the results obtained by the present model is in accordance with the other's results with an overall accuracy of about 3%. It is further noted that the optimum number of effects mainly depends on the water flow rate in different condensing chambers.     

激光辐照下PV型HgCdTe探测器反常响应机理

 利用PV型探测器开路电压的表达式,并考虑探测器的温度变化建立模型,对激光辐照下PV型HgCdTe探测器开路电压的变化进行了理论计算。当激光较弱时,计算结果与实验结果符合得很好。当激光较强时,对于辐照过程当中探测器输出变化的一般性趋势以及激光完全停照后的热弛豫过程,该模型也能给出较好的解释;但对于激光开始辐照时输出下跳和激光停止辐照时输出上跳的反常现象,该模型不能给出合理的解释。分析认为,该模型较好地描述了晶格温升对探测器输出的影响,但是它没有考虑热载流子效应;当激光较强时,热载流子效应不可忽略,特别是激光开始辐照和激光停止辐照时,载流子与晶格的温度差有比较明显的快速变化,从而导致了探测器的反常响应。     

激光诱导热效应光栅自衍射效率的角度依赖关系

报道了激光诱导热效应光栅自衍射效率与两入射激光束夹角的依赖关系，实验结果给出自衍射效率与夹角的四次方成反比，理论分析与实验结果一致。     

Polarization-induced stiffness asymmetry of optical tweezers

A tightly focused, linearly polarized laser beam, so-called optical tweezers, is proven to be a useful micromanipulation tool. It is known that there is a stiffness asymmetry in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis inherited from the polarization state of the laser. In this Letter, we report our experimental results of stiffness asymmetry for different bead sizes measured at the optimal trapping condition. We also provide the results of our generalized Lorenz-Mie based calculations, which are in good agreement with our experimental results. We also compare our results with previous reports.     

超高速撞击中影响碎片云形状因素分析

 应用光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）方法对铝球弹丸正撞击防护屏进行了数值模拟研究，将计算结果同相应的实验结果进行了比较，二者符合得很好。在此基础上分析了撞击速度、防护屏厚度、铝球直径、材料、弹丸形状、间隙量等因素对碎片云的影响规律。并以碎片云的长度和径向尺寸为指标，应用正交设计方法对撞击速度、防护屏厚度、铝球直径三因素对指标的影响主次关系进行了分析研究，防护屏厚度是碎片云长度的主要影响因素，而弹丸直径是碎片云径向的主要影响因素。     

基于试验结果的电磁兼容性量化表征技术研究

以装备电磁兼容性量化需求出发,根据电磁兼容试验数据的特点,将试验结果分为EMI类和EMS两种类型进行分析,提出了EMI和EMS两类试验结果量化表征方法并构建了数学模型。针对EMI类试验数据特点,通过超标数据占比和超标特征两个维度完成了EMI数据的量化表征模型构建;针对EMS类试验结果仅为定性描述这一特点,结合试验过程中的敏感现象,从干扰源及敏感频段两个维度进行量化表征模型构建,通过软件实现了相关量化模型,并通过试验结果量化算例予以验证。以试验结果开展的量化表征研究工作,获得了试验项目的数学量化模型,实现了基于国军标试验标准的电磁兼容试验结果量化表征。     

海面波浪对海洋环境噪声垂直空间相关性的影响

研究了由海浪谱导得的噪声源的相关函数对海洋环境噪声垂直空间相关性的影响。常用的海洋环境噪声空间相关性模型一般假设海面噪声源是非相关的,这种假设可以解释一些物理现象,但是与真实情况并不符合。考虑到风成噪声与海浪运动的相关性,引入海浪谱,得到噪声源的相关函数,利用Kuperman-Ingenito (K/I)噪声模型,计算海洋环境噪声的垂直相关性。通过仿真结果与实验数据对比可以看出,在高风速下,假设噪声源不相关时计算得到的噪声场垂直相关性与实验结果相差较大,而利用由海浪谱导得的噪声源的相关函数计算得到的噪声场的垂直相关性与实验结果符合较好。     

Focusing of electromagnetic waves into a biaxial crystal, experimental results

We present experimental results for focusing of an electromagnetic wave from air into a biaxial crystal. These results are compared with numerical results, and good agreement is found. The experimental results show distinct tangential and sagittal foci, whose positions agree with numerical predictions. The theory is outlined both for the exact solution, which includes extra-paraxial geometries and double refraction, and for the paraxial solution, in which double refraction is ignored. We also present a simple ray-optical interpretation of the results, which allows us to predict the positions of the sagittal and tangential foci.