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以La2O3和Mn(NO3)2为原料, 用"溶胶-凝胶"法结合"超临界干燥技术"制备镧锰气凝胶, 在600, 800 ℃下煅烧镧锰气凝胶, 制备超细钙钛矿型LaMnO3+λ, 用XRD, TEM, DTA, TG等手段对样品进行表征; 并分别用CH4和CO气体的氧化反应来检测LaMnO3+λ的催化活性. 结果显示 (1) 制得镧锰气凝胶为疏松、具有较好分散性的棕色粉末; 其中镧以氢氧化镧形式存在, 而锰以非晶态形式存在; (2) 镧锰气凝胶由针柱状晶体和散落在四周的絮状物组成, 针柱状晶体的长度约为几个微米, 粗端宽度约为100 nm, 细端宽度30 nm; 而絮状物尺寸范围跨度较大, 大片絮状物尺寸范围约为500 nm×150 nm, 小颗粒的直径仅为几个纳米; (3) 镧锰气凝胶600 ℃下煅烧得LaMnO3, 800 ℃下得LaMnO3.15; (4) 超细钙钛矿型LaMnO3+λ气体净化催化剂对CH4和CO气体具有较好的催化活性. 相似文献
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超临界流体干燥法制备超细镧锰铝气凝胶研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
以La2O3,Mn(NO3)2和Al(NO3)3·9H2O为主要原料,用"溶胶凝胶"法结合"超临界干燥技术"分别制备260℃超细镧锰和镧锰铝气凝胶;煅烧制备850℃超细镧锰和镧锰铝气凝胶。用XRD,TEM等手段对样品进行表征,重点考察pH值、温度等因素对制备的影响,并用CO与NO的反应来比对镧锰气凝胶和镧锰铝气凝胶的催化活性。结果表明:(1)制得镧锰气凝胶为疏松、具有较好分散性的棕黑色粉末;260℃时,镧锰气凝胶由絮状物包裹着若干球形大颗粒组成,球形颗粒直径小于80nm;而絮状物尺寸范围跨度较大,大的约为500nm×150nm,小的直径约为几个纳米;850℃时,镧锰气凝胶结晶度提高,颗粒感增强,并且颗粒间发生一定程度的烧结,煅烧产物为LaMnO3+λ和Mn3O4,球形颗粒粒径小于20nm;(2)镧锰铝气凝胶外观疏松、分散性好、呈棕色;260℃时,镧锰铝气凝胶结晶度较低;850℃时,镧锰铝气凝胶结晶度提高,主要晶相物质包括:LaMnO3+λ,La2O3、不同价态氧化锰和γAl2O3;(3)铝的引入,改变了气凝胶微结构单元,降低了起燃温度,但同时也降低了NO的最终转化率;(4)超细镧锰气凝胶对CO与NO反应有较好的催化活性。 相似文献
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用溶胶-凝胶法结合真空干燥技术,制备Pr-Ce-Mn干凝胶,经900℃热处理获取Ce掺杂的超细钙钛矿型PrMnO3+λ,用TG-DTA、XRD、FT-IR、TEM等手段进行表征,以甲基橙的光催化降解测试超细粒子的光催化活性;重点考察Ce掺杂对钙钛矿型PrMnO3的结构及光催化性能的影响。结果表明,Pr-Mn干凝胶热处理时,Pr影响Mn的晶化,500℃时出现晶相Pr6O11,700℃时产生晶相Mn2O3,900℃时得到粒径小于100 nm的斜方晶系钙钛矿型PrMnO3类球形颗粒;Pr-Ce-Mn干凝胶经900℃热处理可得粒径小于30 nm的形状不规则的Ce掺杂PrMnO3+λ颗粒,Ce掺杂增加了超细粒子中阳离子空位和氧缺陷,明显提高了其光催化活性。 相似文献
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锶和铈对LaMnO_(3 λ)稀土纳米钙钛矿材料性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用柠檬酸溶胶 凝胶法制备LaMnO3 λ,La0 .6 Ce0 .4 MnO3 λ和La0 .6 Sr0 .4 MnO3 λ稀土纳米材料 ,并通过差热 -热重分析 (DTA TGA)、X射线衍射分析 (XRD)、透射电镜 (TEM)和Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET)比表面分析等方法研究了Ce和Sr对纳米钙钛矿材料结构和性能的影响。制备得到 60nm的LaMnO3 λ、10 0nm的La0 .6 Ce0 .4 MnO3 λ及 30nm的La0 .6 Sr0 .4 MnO3 λ。当Sr在LaMnO3 λ中部分取代La时 ,Sr进入了钙钛矿晶格 ,从而能降低钙钛矿形成温度 ,减小颗粒度 ,增大比表面 ;但对Ce而言 ,取代时很难进入钙钛矿晶格 ,主要以CeO2 形式存在 ,同时可提高钙钛矿形成温度 ,增大颗粒度 ,减小比表面。 相似文献
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以化学纯Ce2(CO3)3·6H2O和Mn(NO3)2为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥技术制备出铈锰气凝胶,经850℃煅烧后获得纳米粉体.通过TG-DTA,XRD,TEM,FT-IR等方法对样品进行表征,重点考察制备工艺及温度对气凝胶晶态、形貌、尺寸的影响,并通过反应"NO+CO"来检测其催化活性.结果显示该法能制备出具有较好疏松性、分散性的棕褐色粉末,晶粒呈球状,球径约为10 nm.经850℃煅烧后,物质的主要成分为CeO2和Mn2O3,由于高温烧结,晶粒尺寸明显长大,约为20~30 nm.铈锰气凝胶对反应"NO+CO"有一定的催化作用,但催化效果不够理想. 相似文献
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采用顶部籽晶法生长了不同浓度Yb3+:YAl3(BO3)4(Yb:YAB)晶体,X射线粉末衍射(XRD)结果表明晶体的结构与YAB相同.研究了室温下不同掺杂浓度Yb:YAB晶体的偏振吸收光谱,以及块状的偏振荧光谱和粉末的非偏振荧光光谱,通过对不同浓度掺杂Yb:YAB晶体粉末的非偏振荧光谱的分析,实验结果表明:随着Yb3+离子掺杂浓度的增加,辐射陷阱效应对荧光谱的影响越来越严重;因此,提出了Yb:YAB晶体中荧光谱的重心波长移动与Yb3+离子掺杂浓度之间的经验关系来定量分析Yb3+离子掺杂浓度变化对辐射陷阱的影响.并且比较了不同浓度Yb:YAB晶体的光谱参数.结果表明高浓度Yb:YAB晶体是一种潜在的微片和自倍频激光材料. 相似文献
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使用超声共沉淀法制备了LaMnO3复合氧化物纳米催化剂,研究了共沉淀过程中超声波对LaMnO3结构性质和催化活性的影响. X射线衍射分析(XRD)、表面吸附(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、程序升温还原(TPR)和活性评价等表征结果表明,在共沉淀过程中施加超声波辐照,可以使LaMnO3复合氧化物的粒径减小,比表面积增加,表面晶格氧空位增加,表面吸附氧种增加,使 LaMnO3催化剂的表面氧种活化,表面氧与体相晶格氧的比例增加,使LaMnO3催化剂对NO分解的催化活性增加.探讨了超声波作用的机理. 相似文献
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锶和铈对LaMnO3+λ稀土纳米钙钛矿材料性能的影响 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备LaMnO3+λ,L10.6Ce0.4MnO3 λ 和La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 λ稀土纳米材料,并通过差热-热重分析(DTA-TGA),X射线衍射分析(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)比表面分析等方法研究了Ce和Sr对纳米钙钛矿材料结构和性能的影响。制备得到60nm的LaMnO3 λ,100nm的La0.6Ce0.4MnO3 λ及30nm的La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 λ。当SrLaMNO3 λ中部分取代La时,Sr进入了钙钛矿晶格,从而能降低钙钛矿形成温度,减小颗粒度,增大比表面;但对Ce而言,取代时很难进入钙钛矿晶格,主要以CeO2形式存在,同时可提高钙钛矿形成 度,增大颗粒度,减小比表面。 相似文献
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Effect of Copper Substitution and Preparation Methods on the LaMnO3 Structure and Catalysis of Methane Combustion and CO Oxidation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LaMn1-xCuxO3刡冊 perovskite oxides (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) were prepared by two different methods, the Pechini and sol-gel methods. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, N2 adsorption, and temperature-programmed reduction. Their catalytic activity in the oxidation of methane and CO was evaluated. EDS and SEM results showed that the Pechini samples had more homogeneity and smaller particles (higher specific surface area). The catalytic activity for methane combustion was highest for x = 0.2. In CO oxidation, the oxides with x = 0.2 and x = 0.4 were the most active. The Pechini samples had higher activity and stability than the sol-gel samples. 相似文献
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制备了锌掺杂的SrTiO3光催化剂,测试了掺杂样品在400 W高压汞灯照射下,分解纯水制氢的活性。考察了锌的掺杂量及样品的焙烧温度对其光催化活性的影响,并对掺锌与未掺杂样品进行了XRD、UV-vis、XPS及SEM表征分析。结果表明,Zn掺入可显著提高SrTiO3的光催化活性,适宜的锌掺杂摩尔分数为1%左右,相应的掺杂量下,适宜的焙烧温度为950℃左右,上述条件制得掺锌SrTiO3的产氢速率较未掺杂样品提高了120%左右。表征结果显示,掺摩尔分数1%的锌未改变SrTiO3的晶体结构及结晶完整性,但样品表面发生了锌的富集,而且在一定的掺杂范围内,锌掺杂使SrTiO3催化剂的粒度有所增大。推测掺入的Zn与存在于SrTiO3表面的富钛相反应生成Zn2TiO4,使SrTiO3表面的缺陷浓度降低,光催化活性提高。 相似文献
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L Qi J Fresnais P Muller O Theodoly JF Berret JP Chapel 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(31):11448-11456
In a recent publication, we have highlighted the potential of phosphonic acid terminated PEG oligomers to functionalize strong UV absorption cerium oxide nanoparticles, (1) which yield suspensions that are stable in aqueous or organic solvents and are redispersible in different solvents after freeze-drying. In the present work, we highlight the interfacial activity of the functional ceria nanoparticles and their potential to modify hydrophobic surfaces. We first investigated the phosphonated-PEG amphiphilic oligomers behavior as strong surface active species forming irreversibly adsorbed layers. We then show that the oligomers interfacial properties translate to the functional nanoparticles. In particular, the addition of a small fraction of phosphonated-PEG oligomers with an extra C16 aliphatic chain (stickers) into the formulation enabled the tuning of (i) the nanoparticles adsorption at the air/water, polystyrene/water, oil/water interfaces and (ii) the particle/particle interaction in aqueous solutions. We also found that dense and closely packed two-dimensional monolayers of nanoceria can be formed by spontaneous adsorption or surface compression using a Langmuir trough. A hexagonal organization controlled by reversible and repulsive interaction has been characterized by GISAXS. Mono- or multilayers can also be stably formed or transferred on solid surfaces. Our results are key features in the field of polymer surface modification, solid-stabilized emulsions (Pickering), or supracolloidal assemblies. 相似文献
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铈掺杂对Co_3O_4/微孔-介孔分子筛催化剂催化性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用水热法制备了微孔-介孔分子筛,并以Ce掺杂改性后制备了Co3O4/Ce-微孔-介孔分子筛催化剂,考察了Ce掺杂微孔-介孔分子筛催化剂对苯催化完全氧化性能的影响,并采用BET,XRD,TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明:Ce的加入有利于提高MSZ-B催化剂的催化活性。XRD分析显示Ce的加入不会阻塞Co3O4在微孔-介孔分子筛孔道内的分布;TPR分析表明:Ce的加入提高了MSZ-B催化剂的可还原性能,催化剂的可还原性能是影响催化活性的主要因素;另外,介孔的存在不利于Ce改性Co3O4/ZSM-5微孔分子筛催化剂活性的提高。 相似文献
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Martin Seipenbusch Joachim Binnig Michael Heim AlfredP. Weber Gerhard Kasper 《Helvetica chimica acta》2001,84(12):3686-3701
The structure of nanoparticle agglomerates can have substantial influence on their catalytic activity, as shown here for the oxidation of hydrogen on platinum nanoparticles. The structure of aerosol agglomerates was varied by thermally induced rearrangement of the so‐called primary particles, which were ca. 5 nm in size. In this way, the fraction of outer surface, which is directly accessible for molecules from the gas phase, was varied from a very open agglomerate structure to massive spheres. A Monte‐Carlo (MC) simulation of the surface phenomena was carried out parallel to the experiments, taking into account models for reactions including adsorption, surface diffusion, and desorption. Comparison of the experimental results with these MC simulations indicated that, for gas‐borne nanoparticles, special features appear. For instance, the time scales of experiments and simulations are not identical. This discrepancy can be explained by altered adsorption kinetics on the nanoparticles compared to the kinetics on bulk surfaces, which was introduced into the MC simulation. The assumption of a lower sticking probability for molecules impinging from the gas phase as proposed before in other investigations leads to a shift in the time scale of the MC simulation as well as an increased sticking probability for O‐atoms relative to the H‐atom sticking probability. In addition, the surface‐normalized catalytic activity, given by the turn‐over rate (TOR), is higher for 5‐nm than for 50‐nm particles. Thus, the combination of experiments and simulation may be a useful tool to gain deeper insight into the influence of the properties of catalyst particles on the catalytic activity, whereby the simulation covers the subsecond time range, which is hardly accessible by experimentation. 相似文献
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综述了磷酸银复合材料在化学及相关领域的研究,主要集中在光催化降解污染物、环境药物、杀菌消毒和光解水等方面。光催化在降解污染物方面,尤其是在降解有机染料方面表现突出,如罗丹明B溶液、亚甲基蓝溶液等;光催化降解环境药物方面,磷酸银复合材料对阿拉特津、甲磺酸吉米沙星等药物的降解率可达到90%以上;抗菌性能方面,磷酸银对大肠杆菌有较强的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌也有一定的抑制作用。简单说明了磷酸银光催化的原理,磷酸银带隙较窄,价电子激发后产生光生电子-空穴对,光生空穴具有强氧化性,光生电子则具有强还原性,迁移到磷酸银的表面后,参与物质的氧化还原反应。最后对磷酸银的改进方法和发展前景进行了总结。 相似文献