共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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含油污水的随意排放对海洋、沿海周边环境以及人类健康造成了严重的影响。传统的油水分离方法易造成环境二次污染,同时也是对有限资源的一种损耗。因此,如何高效环保地解决含油污水问题具有重要意义。物理过滤/吸附法被认为是一种高效环保的分离方法,基于仿生学原理,许多可用于物理选择性分离的超亲油疏水和超亲水疏油材料被制备出来。超亲油疏水材料易被油污染,重复利用率低;相比之下,超亲水疏油材料具有自清洁性且重复利用率高,在油水分离方面具有广阔的应用前景。根据基底材料的选择不同,本文综述了金属基以及高分子基超亲水疏油材料的研究现状,总结了其优缺点,并对今后超亲水疏油材料的研究方向和重点进行了展望。 相似文献
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基于二维材料MXene(Ti3C2Tx)的化学组成和纳米片状结构, 在不锈钢网上制备了具有MXene微纳结构表面的新型亲水和水下超疏油分离膜. 对于不同类型的油-水混合物, 该膜材料可实现重力驱动的高效油水分离, 收集的水中残油量小于4 mg/L, 具有高分离效率(>99.99%), 水通量高达57.52 L·m-2·s-1. 此外, 经高温处理和多种有机溶剂浸泡后MXene膜仍具有高效的油水分离性能, 并表现出优异的稳定性和循环性. 相似文献
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膜材料作为新材料“十三五”规划专项工程之一,在工业和日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。依据材质不同,介绍了现有常见的有机膜、无机膜、新型膜材料,阐述了近年来膜在水处理、气体分离、电池隔膜和燃料电池等方面的应用发展,说明了膜材料在疫情防护材料中的用途,并对膜材料未来的发展做了总结和展望。 相似文献
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“有机化学”教学法浅议 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
“有机化学”教学法浅议朱伟明谢笑天郑萍(云南师范大学化学系昆明650092)教师除了具备事业心和丰富的学识之外,还必须掌握多种教学方法和教学技巧。切实可行的教学方法是搞好课堂教学的关键。教师应掌握的教学方法和技巧是多方面的,如讲叙式、启发式、讲演式、... 相似文献
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超双疏兼备超疏水和超疏油两种极端不润湿现象,其中超疏油的实现难度更大,应用前景广阔。为了获得超疏油材料,通常采用仿生思路,在材料表面构建粗糙结构和以含氟低表面能物质修饰表面。表面粗糙结构在机械力学作用下易遭到破坏,例如摩擦和冲击。低表面能物质修饰层在光照条件下易分解,而诸多的太阳能装置如太阳能电池板,必须在室外工作。耐紫外的超疏油性可以帮助这些设施实现高效工作并延长使用期限,节约资源。更进一步,科研人员研究了超疏油材料在各种苛刻条件下的可靠性。本文应用新进展聚焦在超疏油材料在紫外线照射下的可靠性或可逆响应性;超疏油材料经过撞击之后的油滴接触角变化;在高温条件下超疏油材料的极端润湿性能保持能力;在冲击条件下的稳定性,甚至包括了多种复合苛刻条件下的超疏油材料的耐受性。由于大多的工业环境无法避开摩擦和腐蚀,因此本文着重从超疏油材料的耐摩擦性和抗腐蚀性两个方面讨论了其研究现状,同时也讨论了超疏油在其他工程应用方面的可靠性。最后,总结了各实验方案的优缺点、实验与工业化过程中存在的问题、有望突破的方向,以及作者对于在苛刻工况条件下提升超疏油材料可靠性的观点。 相似文献
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由于光敏热成像(Photothermographic,PTG)材料采用简单的干法(热)加工取代传统AgX成像材料的湿法加工,对环境友好且能耗低,可以实时实地的获得影像硬拷贝材料,可以广泛应用于医疗影像硬拷贝、航空拍摄等领域,因此PTG材料具有强大的发展潜力,是传统AgX成像材料的一种理想替代材料. 相似文献
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Marina Schenk Sydnie Lieb Henning Vieker Dr. André Beyer Prof. Dr. Armin Gölzhäuser Prof. Hai Wang Prof. Dr. Katharina Kohse‐Höinghaus 《Chemphyschem》2013,14(14):3248-3254
For the first time, nascent soot particles are probed by using helium‐ion microscopy (HIM). HIM is a technique that is similar to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) but it can achieve higher contrast and improved surface sensitivity, especially for carbonaceous materials. The HIM microscope yields images with a high contrast, which allows for the unambiguous recognition of smaller nascent soot particles than those observed in previous transmission electron microscopy studies. The results indicate that HIM is ideal for rapid and reliable probing of the morphology of nascent soot, with surface details visible down to approximately 5 nm, and particles as small as 2 nm are detectable. The results also show that nascent soot is structurally and chemically inhomogeneous, and even the smallest particles can have shapes that deviate from a perfect sphere. 相似文献
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Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is viewed as a promising green strategy to utilize the inexhaustible solar energy and provide clean hydrogen fuels with zero‐emission characteristic. The nature of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts is the key point to achieve efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Conjugated materials have been recently emerging as a novel class of photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic reactions due to their electronic properties can be well controlled via tailor‐made chemical structures. Hydrophilic conjugated materials, a subgroup of conjugated materials, possess multiple advantages for photocatalytic applications, thus spurring remarkable progress on both material realm and photocatalytic applications. This minireview aims to provide a brief review of the recent developments of hydrophilic conjugated polymers/small molecules for photocatalytic applications, and special concern on the rational molecular design and their impact on photocatalytic performance will be reviewed. Perspectives on the hydrophilic conjugated materials and challenges to their applications in the photocatalytic field are also presented. 相似文献
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Ziqi Qian Yi Wang Shuyu Shen Wenyang Tao Yu Zhang Xingqian Ye Shiguo Chen Haibo Pan 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(9)
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) have been proven to possess a wide range of biological activities, but complex structures limit their study of structure–function relationships. Therefore, an efficient and general method using hydrophilic interaction high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-QTOF-MS) was established to analyze PACs from different plant materials. This method was successfully applied to characterize PACs from Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves (BLPs), sorghum testa (STPs) and grape seeds (GSPs). BLPs with the degree of polymerization (DP) from 1 to 8 were separated. BLPs are mainly B-type prodelphinidins and A-type BLPs were first found in this study. STPs and GSPs belonging to procyanidins showed DP from 3 to 11 and 2 to 12, respectively. A-type linkages were found for every DP of STPs and GSPs, which were first found. These results showed that HILIC-QTOF-MS can be successfully applied for analyzing PACs from different plant materials, which is necessary for the prediction of their potential health benefits. 相似文献
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本研究采用原子转移自由聚合(Atom-transfer radical-polymerization, ATRP)法合成了一种新型四肽亲水作用色谱材料 (Poly-DAPD),用于糖肽的选择性富集.通过氮气吸脱附、热重分析和X射线光电子能谱等技术进行表征,结果表明,四肽已成功接枝到硅球上.固相萃取富集实验表明,合成的亲水材料对牛胎球蛋白(Fetuin)糖肽富集选择性高;与商品化ZIC-HILIC材料相比,Poly-DAPD材料富集掺有5摩尔倍数牛血清蛋白(BSA)的Fetuin样品时,在获得的糖肽数目及抗干扰性能方面都更具优势.此Poly-DAPD材料可进一步用于不同糖蛋白的糖基化分析研究. 相似文献
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A. K. Bajpai Sanjana Kankane Sunil K. Singh 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(7):1032-1040
Polymer matrices based on poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) have emerged as promising materials for developing applications in biomedical and tissue engineering fields. The major criteria of a material to be used as a support matrix in tissue engineering application rests on its biocompatible, hydrophilic, and mechanically strong nature. Although a great deal of research efforts have been put into designing such materials, achieving these properties together for such a material still remains a challenge. Thus, by a judicious combination of natural and synthetic polymers, such as gelatin and copolymers of PHEMA and PAN, respectively, it has been attempted to synthesize a polymer material by redox polymerization method. The prepared polymer matrix was characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The prepared polymeric biomaterials were assessed for their water sorption potential under varying experimental conditions such as chemical composition, pH, and temperature of the swelling bath. The diffusion mechanism of transport of water molecules arising due to solvent–polymer interaction was analyzed to predict the behavior of continuously relaxing macromolecular chains. The in vitro blood compatibility of the prepared polymeric materials was determined by methods such as blood clot formation, platelet adhesion, percent hemolysis assay, and protein–adsorption on the surface of the prepared biomaterials. 相似文献
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《Ambix》2013,60(2):172-191
AbstractWhen gold became considered as a precious metal for decorative purposes and later for coinage, attempts at producing imitations soon began to appear. There were two motives behind this activity: to make a metal that could pass as gold, and to quite openly imitate this precious metal for people who could not afford true gold. Imitation gold was produced by metallurgists, and later also by alchemists. This paper is about gold imitations that did not contain any precious metal. Gold-like alloys of silver are thus excluded. An attempt is further undertaken to classify into separate groups the various gold imitations that have appeared in different cultures throughout time, with an emphasis on brass as a typical imitation of gold. 相似文献