孔状Co_3O_4纳米片和纳米棒的选择性合成和表征(英文)

利用两步实验选择性合成孔状Co3O4纳米片和纳米棒:首先,以Co(NO3)2·6H2O,NaOH和不同量的NH4F为原料在120℃水热6h的条件下合成了Co(OH)2-Co3O4纳米片(S1)和Co(OH)F-Co3O4纳米棒(S2);然后将所得纳米片和纳米棒在400℃时加热2h即得到多孔的Co3O4纳米片和纳米棒。所得产物用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行了表征。此外电化学测试表明Co3O4纳米棒的电容量比Co3O4纳米片的更大。     

两种β-榄香烯烃基硒醚类化合物的合成、表征

将硒用N2·H2O还原为Se2 2-后与卤代烃反应得到对称二硒醚,然后将其用NaBH4还原,再与13-氯-β-榄香烯作用,得到两种β-榄香烯烃基硒醚.用1H NMR,13C NMR,IR以及HRMS等手段对产物结构进行了表征.     

一种新的离子液体表面活性剂软模板法合成碳酸锶纳米棒

在室温下,以SrCl2·6H2O和(NH4)2Co3为原料,采用咪唑季铵盐离子液体表面活性剂1-十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[C16 mim]Br软模板法制备了SrCO3纳米棒.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行了表征.初步探讨了SrCO3纳米棒的形成机理.结果表明SrCO3纳米棒长度在200nm左右,由平均直径为1...     

不同形貌纳米CoWO_4的水热法制备及气敏性能(英文)

以Co(NO3)2·6H2O、Na2WO4·2H2O为主要原料,去离子水为溶剂,利用水热法在不同条件下制备了一系列的纳米CoWO4,用XRD、TEM和比表面分析仪对产品的物相、形貌和比表面积进行了表征。较系统地探讨了水热条件(反应混合物pH值、反应时间、反应温度等)对产物物相和形貌的影响,并研究了不同形貌产品对甲醛、乙醇、氨气、苯和丙酮等的敏感性能。结果表明:水热条件对产品的物相和形貌有影响,在不同水热条件下,可成功制备CoWO4纳米颗粒、纳米立方体及纳米棒;以纳米颗粒、纳米立方体及纳米棒样品制成的气敏元件对被试气体有不同程度的响应,其中以纳米颗粒为基的元件在210℃对1 000μL·L-1NH3灵敏度为3.3。     

负载Cr_2O_3的H_2Ti_2O_5·H_2O纳米管的制备及其作为锂离子电池正极材料的电化学性能

限制纳米电极材料倍率性能的一个重要因素是,在大电流下充放电时,纳米结构可能坍塌,造成容量迅速衰减.通过异价离子的掺杂或第二相的负载有可能弥补纳米材料的这一缺陷.本文以含有Cr2O3的锐钛矿TiO2为原料,通过超声化学-水热法,制备了负载Cr2O3的H2Ti2O5·H2O纳米管.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对制得的H2Ti2O5·H2O/Cr2O3纳米管的晶体结构和微观形貌进行了表征和分析.恒流充放电测试显示,H2Ti2O5·H2O/Cr2O3(5%(w,质量分数))纳米管作为锂离子电池阳极材料具有优异的循环稳定性及倍率性能.在150mA·g-1的电流密度下,H2Ti2O5·H2O/Cr2O3纳米管的首次放电容量达到288mAh·g-1;120次循环后,充放电容量仍保持在145mAh·g-1.在1500mA·g-1的电流密度下,首次放电容量为178mAh·g-1;600次循环后,充放电容量保持在80mAh·g-1以上;继续在150mA·g-1电流密度下充放电30个循环,充放电容量达到155mAh·g-1,显示出充放电容量的可回复性.循环伏安测试结果表明,H2Ti2O5·H2O/Cr2O3纳米管的充放电过程由法拉第赝电容反应控制.该一维纳米结构在锂离子电池和非对称电容器领域显示出良好的应用前景.     

基于Ag_2S-MWNTs的肌红蛋白直接电化学研究

制备了硫化银-多壁碳纳米管(Ag2S-MWNTs)纳米复合材料,构置了Mb-Ag2S-MWNTs-CHIT/GCE,并研究了肌红蛋白(Mb)在该修饰电极上的直接电化学和电催化行为。采用扫描电镜和透射电镜表征了Ag2SMWNTs的形貌,利用循环伏安法对Mb的电化学行为进行研究。Ag2S能够均一、稳定的在MWNTs表面生长,所构置的修饰电极在PBS中出现一对峰形良好的、准可逆的氧化还原峰,并对过氧化氢(H2O2)表现出良好的电催化作用,测定H2O2的线性范围为1.0×10-6~2.5×10-4mol·L-1,检出限为3×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3)。Ag2S-MWNTs纳米复合材料能显著提高氧化还原蛋白质(酶)的直接电子传递速率,所构置的修饰电极可为制备基于蛋白质(酶)的第三代电化学生物传感器提供一良好的研究平台。     

Fe_3O_4纳米棒和Fe_2O_3纳米线的热氧化制备与表征

以铁单质和草酸溶液为原料,将0.75mol/L的草酸溶液滴在铁片上,于空气中200~600℃范围内加热1h,制备了Fe3O4纳米棒和Fe2O3纳米线,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行表征,并研究了反应温度对产物形貌的影响.结果表明,在200~500℃下空气中反应1h在铁片上直接生长出矩形截面的多晶的立方相Fe3O4纳米棒,其直径范围约为0.5~0.8μm.当反应温度为600℃,得到的产物为六方相的Fe2O3纳米线.研究表明,C2H2O4对纳米棒的形成起关键作用,并提出了可能生长机理.     

Fe3O4纳米棒和Fe2O3纳米线的热氧化制备与表征

以铁单质和草酸溶液为原料,将0.75mol/L的草酸溶液滴在铁片上,于空气中200-600℃范围内加热1h,制备了Fe3O4纳米棒和Fe2O3纳米线,用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对产物进行表征,并研究了反应温度对产物形貌的影响.结果表明,在200-500℃下空气中反应1h在铁片上直接生长出矩形截面的多晶的立方相Fe3O4纳米棒,其直径范围约为0.5-0.8μm.当反应温度为600℃,得到的产物为六方相的Fe2O3纳米线.研究表明,C2H2O4对纳米棒的形成起关键作用,并提出了可能生长机理.     

纳米Pd上H2O2的电催化还原反应

利用纳米Pd颗粒修饰的Au旋转圆盘电极, 通过强制对流条件下的线性电势扫描伏安法, 研究了酸性介质中H2O2在纳米Pd催化剂上的电还原反应. 动力学研究结果表明, H2O2在纳米Pd上电还原反应的表观活化能为27.6 kJ·mol-1, 反应为2电子转移过程, 电解质的阴离子类型显著影响纳米Pd对H2O2电化学还原反应的催化性能. 根据动力学电流与H2O2浓度及与H+浓度的关系, 提出了Pd催化H2O2电还原反应可能的速率控制步骤, 并讨论了其可能的反应机理.     

氯化血红素在纳米氧化锌-碳糊电极上的电化学行为

以H2C2O4·2H2O和Zn(Ac)2·2H2O为前驱体制备纳米ZnO粉体,用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射光谱表征了其形貌及晶体结构,并将其用于制备纳米ZnO-碳糊电极,采用循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法研究了氯化血红素在电极上的电化学行为。与商品ZnO颗粒-碳糊电极和裸碳糊电极相比,氯化血红素在纳米ZnO-碳糊电极上的还原峰峰电位正移,还原峰峰电流明显增加,表现出明显电催化性能。实验表明,在pH=9.18磷酸盐缓冲液中,-0.30V富集30s后,氯化血红素在-0.440V处有1个灵敏的还原峰,可用于氯化血红素的电化学分析。在优化条件下,该还原峰峰电流与氯化血红素浓度在3.1×10-9～3.1×10-7mol/L内有线性关系,检出限为1.53×10-9mol/L(S/N=3)。将该修饰电极用于红桃K生血剂中氯化血红素测定,结果满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.