健康和病变关节软骨的傅里叶变换红外光谱显微成像及Fisher判别

傅里叶变换红外光谱显微成像(FTIRI)可同时获得样品的红外光谱和形貌信息,其与化学计量学方法结合,可实现生物组织中主成分含量及分布的定量研究.本研究采用FTIRI技术结合主成分分析(PCA)以及Fisher判别算法对正常和病变的关节软骨进行鉴别分析.对关节软骨切片进行实现FTIR扫描及光谱分析,再利用SPSS软件对软骨的光谱(矩阵)进行主成分分析,根据主成分得分矩阵构造分类函数,结合Fisher判别算法对样本进行分类识别.正常和病变的关节软骨样品识别准确率高达95.7％(初始案例)和94.3％(交互验证案例).本方法可准确有效地辨别关节软骨是否发生病变,为监测骨关节炎的发生和修复提供参考.     

大黄的傅里叶变换红外光谱法快速鉴别

利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱法对不同的大黄药材进行了分析?结果表明：大黄样品在4000～1800cm^-1区域有相似的红外光谱特征,而在1800～400cm^-1区域不同组系、不同品种的样品又存在很大差异。因此红外光谱法可以快速、简便、直观地对中药材进行质量鉴别。     

傅里叶变换中红外光纤光谱法用于腮腺肿瘤的检测

采用红外光谱仪与中红外光纤、衰减全反射(ATR)探头联用对40例腮腺肿瘤患者的腺体体表皮肤进行了测定, 并以病人术后肿瘤标本病理观察结果为判断标准, 对良性及恶性肿瘤光谱进行了判别, 发现光谱法判别结果与病理诊断结果基本一致. 实验结果表明, 正常腮腺、良性和恶性腮腺肿瘤体表皮肤的FTIR 光谱中存在显著的差异, 用相关吸收峰的峰形、峰位和峰强可以表征这些差异. 研究进一步发现, 对于不同类型的恶性肿瘤, 其体表组织的红外光谱主要差别在于1500—1000 cm-1区域内峰形及峰位的改变. 根据这一区域的差异可以将恶性肿瘤分为两大类: 一类恶性肿瘤具有上述的光谱特征(如腺泡细胞癌、嗜酸细胞腺癌和腺样囊性癌等), 另一类恶性肿瘤因为类型的不同在1500—1000 cm-1区域内峰形及峰位发生了很大的变化, 不同于上述的光谱特征.     

变径毛细管柱GC／FTIR联用技术的研究

本文介绍了使用新型变径毛细管柱的气相色谱/傅里叶变换红外光谱联用技术(GC/FTIR)。以正构烷烃的混合物为样品,研究了载气速流、色谱进样量及柱后死体积对联用效果的影响。分别在变径毛细管柱GC/FTIR和普通毛细管柱GC/FTIR联用系统上分析了烷烃芳烃混合物和合成汽油样品,并利用软件系统提供的程序和红外标准谱库对所得光谱进行了检索。实验结果表明,变径毛细管柱GC/FTIR系统具有色谱进样量大,可鉴定组分多,分离能力强和检测灵敏度高等显著优点。     

傅里叶变换中红外光谱法检测脑胶质瘤

采用傅里叶变换衰减全反射中红外光谱法检测了19例液氮冻存的脑胶质瘤离体组织样品(星形细胞瘤10例, 少枝-星形细胞瘤9例), 对得到的红外光谱进行分析发现, 恶性程度不同的星形细胞瘤组织的红外光谱存在差异, 并且不同类型的脑胶质瘤组织的红外光谱也表现出较为明显的区别, 因此可以根据各个特征吸收峰的峰位、 峰形及谱峰强度等信息来区分脑胶质瘤, 并初步鉴别脑胶质瘤的性质. 研究结果表明, 通过某些特征吸收峰峰位的变化来鉴别星形细胞瘤和少枝-星形细胞瘤与病理诊断结果的符合率约为80%, 说明傅里叶变换衰减全反射中红外光谱法有望发展成为一种对样品无损伤、 快速的脑肿瘤诊断新方法.     

不同产地鲍鱼的FTIR谱图分析

为了寻找能够鉴别不同产地鲍鱼成分差异的新方法,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测定不同产地的鲍鱼样品,对所获得的指纹图谱进行对比分析,初步探讨鲍鱼区域性之间的差别.结果表明:这3个产地鲍鱼红外吸收峰的峰数、峰位、峰形、峰强都存在一定程度的差异,为鉴别鲍鱼产地提供了一种有效的手段.     

中药配方颗粒红外指纹图谱研究

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术分析鉴别了350种中药配方颗粒红外指纹图谱的结构特征。结果表明，借助于各种药用植物和动物配方颗粒的FTIR指纹图谱的差别可进行快速分类鉴别；根据配方颗粒与中药原药材谱图之间的相关性，以及中药材经过炮制、加热、水提处理后，配方颗粒与原药材之间在谱图上所代表的化学成分上的异同可以进行中药配方颗粒的质量控制；凭借不同炮制方法与未经炮制处理的配方颗粒间FTIR谱图的差别，可以进一步分析炮制后配方颗粒化学成分的变化，不同炮制方法对配方颗粒化学成分的影响；对于不同厂家的配方颗粒及同一厂家不同生产批号的配方颗粒也进行了较系统的分析研究。方法快速，简便，专属性强，不需对样品进行分离提取。     

红外光谱法直接鉴别苦丁茶的研究

本文利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)法快速、直接地测定了11种苦丁茶,并对所获得的指纹图谱进行特征峰指认和对比分析。结果表明:各种苦丁茶化学成分相同,而由于各成分间的相对含量的不同,使每种样品都有自己独特的红外谱图,不同产地、不同级别苦丁茶的红外吸收频率、吸收峰的相对强度都存在比较大的差异。同时还运用傅立叶变换红外光谱技术对不同产地、不同级别苦丁茶的混合化学体系进行了全组分快速分析,为苦丁茶的鉴别及质量控制提供了可靠的依据。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯与聚醋酸乙烯酯共混的红外光谱研究

用红外光谱(FTIR)研究了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)与聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)共混体系相容性,在160℃以上共混体系发生相分离;分相体系与非分相体系的FTIR谱明显不同;共混体系的FTIR谱不能从两统组分红外光谱简单加和得到;结果表明大分子构象发生了变化,PMMA/PVAc体系相容可能是大分子构象熵变所致。     

女性乳腺肿瘤的傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴别方法的探索

通过75例女性良,恶性乳腺肿瘤及正常乳腺组织的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对比研究发现,它们之间存在着明显而规律的光谱差异,这反 映了组织中蛋白质,核酸和脂类等生物分子在不同性质的乳腺肿瘤中的构型与构像及以及相对含量上的差别,研究表明,FTIR可从分子水平上揭示肿瘤组织的特性,能对良,恶性乳腺肿瘤的鉴别提供丰富而可靠的结构信息,极有可能发展成为一种肿瘤鉴别方法.     

Diagnosis of gastric endoscopic biopsies using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy with entropy weight local-hyperplane k-nearest neighbor based on frequency domain information (EWHFI)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is an effective diagnostic tool for the characterization of biological molecules that may provide uninvasive, rapid detection of gastric cancer in vivo in the future. FT-IR spectra were obtained from 103 endoscopic biopsy gastric tissue samples that included 20 healthy, 35 chronic atrophic gastritis, 29 chronic superficial gastritis, and 19 gastric cancerous samples. A new approach using entropy weight local-hyperplane k-nearest neighbor based on frequency domain information (EWHFI) is proposed that improves and extends the adaptive weight local-hyperplane k-nearest neighbor (AWHK) approach. EWHFI combines the AWHK algorithm with the fine Fourier transform information in the frequency domain to effectively distinguish similar pathological states. The experimental results show that EWHFI enhances the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. The average results of the random classification showed that the EWHFI classifiers for differentiating gastric cancerous, chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic superficial gastritis, and healthy tissues were 95.1%, 86.4%, 88.3%, and 99%, respectively.     

健脾养胃活血化瘀法治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎临床观察

目的观察治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎时应用健脾养胃活血化瘀法的效果。方法在2014年2月—2015年2月梅州市第二中医医院收治的慢性萎缩性胃炎患者中,选取30例作为研究对象,按照就诊时间,将患者分为实验组(n=15)和参照组(n=15),参照组患者行丽珠得乐治疗,实验组行健脾养胃活血化瘀法,对两组患者的治疗效果进行观察。结果实验组患者的治疗效果明显优于参照组(P0.05),具有统计学意义。结论在慢性萎缩性胃炎临床治疗中,采用健脾养胃活血化瘀法,患者的病情得到有效控制,患者的治疗满意度得到了提升,健脾养胃活血化瘀法在临床中应用具有重要意义。     

Distinguishing malignant from normal stomach tissues and its in vivo, in situ measurement in operating process using FTIR Fiber-Optic techniques

The application of molecular spectroscopy inthe biological fields is more and more extensive.Recently vibrational spectroscopy, including FTIRATR Optic Fibers[1—3], FT-IR microspectroscopy[4—6],FT-Raman[7,8] and near IR spectroscopic[9] methods,was used…     

Distinguishing malignant from normal stomach tissues and its <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo,in situ</Emphasis> measurement in operating process using FTIR Fiber-Optic techniques

Gastric tissue samples were studied using mid-IR fiber-optic attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy. FTIR spectra of 90 tissue samples from 48 patients, including 32 normal and 58 malignant tissue samples, were chosen as examples. Malignancy was usually characterized by the absence of CH and C=O bands, a weak amide II band near 1545 cm^-1, a shift of the amide I band to lower wave number, a decrease in the ∼1450 cm^-1 peak to less than the ∼ 1400 cm^-1 peak. Subtraction spectra indicate that the amide I and amide II bands of normal and malignant tissues have larger differences in peak positions and relative intensities. The statistical analysis results confirm this conclusion. The results indicate that FTIR fiber optic techniques provide important information about cancerous tissue of the stomach, which can be used to differentiate the malignant tissue from the normal tissue. Based on the above results we successfully realize the detection of the tumor tissues of digestive tract in vivo and in situ. And the results of detection cancer near operating room and in vivo and in situ in the operating room are consistent with the conclusions for the samples stored in liquid N², which is the basis for the clinical application.     

Application of multivariate data-analysis techniques to biomedical diagnostics based on mid-infrared spectroscopy

The objective of this contribution is to review the application of advanced multivariate data-analysis techniques in the field of mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic biomedical diagnosis. MIR spectroscopy is a powerful chemical analysis tool for detecting biomedically relevant constituents such as DNA/RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, etc., and even diseases or disease progression that may induce changes in the chemical composition or structure of biological systems including cells, tissues, and bio-fluids. However, MIR spectra of multiple constituents are usually characterized by strongly overlapping spectral features reflecting the complexity of biological samples. Consequently, MIR spectra of biological samples are frequently difficult to interpret by simple data-analysis techniques. Hence, with increasing complexity of the sample matrix more sophisticated mathematical and statistical data analysis routines are required for deconvoluting spectroscopic data and for providing useful results from information-rich spectroscopic signals. A large body of work relates to the combination of multivariate data-analysis techniques with MIR spectroscopy, and has been applied by a variety of research groups to biomedically relevant areas such as cancer detection and analysis, artery diseases, biomarkers, and other pathologies. The reported results indeed reveal a promising perspective for more widespread application of multivariate data analysis in assisting MIR spectroscopy as a screening or diagnostic tool in biomedical research and clinical studies. While the authors do not mean to ignore any relevant contributions to biomedical analysis across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, they confine the discussion in this contribution to the mid-infrared spectral range as a potentially very useful, yet underutilized frequency region. Selected representative examples without claiming completeness will demonstrate a range of biomedical diagnostic applications with particular emphasis on the advantageous interaction between multivariate data analysis and MIR spectroscopy.     

Raman endoscopy for in vivo differentiation between benign and malignant ulcers in the stomach

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of an image-guided Raman endoscopy technique for in vivo differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ulcerous lesions in the stomach. A rapid-acquisition image-guided Raman endoscopy system with 785 nm laser excitation has been developed to acquire in vivo gastric tissue Raman spectra within 0.5 s during clinical gastroscopic examinations. A total of 1102 in vivo Raman spectra were acquired from 71 gastric patients, in which 924 Raman spectra were from normal tissue, 111 Raman spectra were from benign ulcers whereas 67 Raman spectra were from ulcerated adenocarcinoma. There were distinctive spectral differences in Raman spectra among normal mucosa, benign ulcers and malignant ulcers, particularly in the spectral ranges of 800-900, 1000-1100, 1245-1335, 1440-1450 and 1500-1800 cm(-1), which primarily contain signals related to proteins, DNA, lipids and blood. The malignant ulcerous lesions showed Raman signals to be mainly associated with abnormal nuclear activity and decrease in lipids as compared to benign ulcers. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed to generate multi-class diagnostic algorithms for classification of Raman spectra of different gastric tissue types. The PLS-DA algorithms together with leave-one tissue site-out, cross validation technique yielded diagnostic sensitivities of 90.8%, 84.7%, 82.1%, and specificities of 93.8%, 94.5%, 95.3%, respectively, for classification of normal mucosa, benign and malignant ulcerous lesions in the stomach. This work demonstrates that image-guided Raman endoscopy technique associated with PLS-DA diagnostic algorithms has for the first time promising clinical potential for rapid, in vivo diagnosis and detection of malignant ulcerous gastric lesions at the molecular level.     

Ultrasensitive assay of O-GlcNAc transferase using capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is directly associated with the level of O-GlcNAc glycosylation of biomolecules and various diseases, and it is expected to be a promising potential new therapeutic target. Here, we develop a robust and sensitive method for OGT assay based on capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) method. AF-488-modified peptide containing serine active group is designed as substrate for OGT-catalyzed reaction, and nonradioactive UDP-GlcNAc is employed as sugar donor to perform O-GlcNAc glycosylation modification. The enzyme activity of OGT is measured by quantitative determination of glycosylated peptide produced by the reaction. Large volume sample stacking technique for sample injection and a unique fluorescence collection system for LIF detection are adopted to greatly enhance the detection sensitivity, thus a low limit of detection down to 0.23 pM for OGT detection is achieved. The method is successfully applied to detect OGT activity in clinical blood samples with satisfactory accuracy. Our study provides a simple, accurate, and sensitive method with great potential application in clinical diagnosis of O-GlcNAc-related diseases.     

Cyclodextrins as Protective Agents of Protein Aggregation: An Overview

Cyclodextrins are extensively used in different fields (e.g., catalysis, chromatography, pharma, supramolecular chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, and bioinorganic chemistry), and their applications have been widely reviewed. Their main application in the field of pharmaceutical is as a drug carrier. This review overviews, for the first time, the use of cyclodextrins and their derivatives as antiaggregant agents in a number of proteins (e.g., amyloid‐β, insulin, recombinant human growth hormone, prion protein, transthyretin, and α‐synuclein) and some multimeric enzymes. There are many diseases that are correlated to protein misfolding and amyloid formation processes affecting numerous organs and tissues. There are over 30 different amyloid proteins and a number of corresponding diseases. Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Treatment of these diseases is still a goal to reach, and many molecules are studied in this perspective. Cyclodextrins have also been studied, and they show great potential; as such, further studies could be very promising. This review aims to be a stimulus for the design of new cyclodextrin derivatives to obtain multifunctional systems with antiaggregant activity.     

Natural products in treatment of ulcerative colitis and peptic ulcer

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory chronic disease that affects the mucosa and submucosa of the colon and rectum. Several types of drugs are available such as aminosalicylates. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide and it can be considered one of the most important common diseases in the world. Treatment of peptic ulcers depends on using a number of synthetic drugs that reduce the rate of stomach acid secretion (Antiacids), protect the mucous tissues that line the stomach and upper portion of the small intestine (Demulcents) or to eliminate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In most cases, incidence of relapses and adverse reactions is seen in the following synthetic antiulcer therapy. Accordingly, the main concern of the current article is to introduce a safe drug (or more) of natural origin, to be used for the management of gastric ulcers without side effects.A widespread search has been launched to identify new anti-ulcer therapies from natural sources. Herbs, medicinal plants, spices, vegetables and crude drug substances are considered to be a potential source to control various diseases including gastric ulcer and ulcerative colitis. In the scientific literature, a large number of medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites with potential anti-ulcer (anti-peptic ulcer and antiulcerative colitis) activities have been reported. Treatment with natural products produces promising results and fewer side effects. Our goal is to collect the published data in the last 24 years and reviews the natural products reported in the treatment of these diseases and their mechanism of action.     

3D Bioprinting of Artificial Tissues: Construction of Biomimetic Microstructures

It is promising that artificial tissues/organs for clinical application can be produced via 3D bioprinting of living cells and biomaterials. The construction of microstructures biomimicking native tissues is crucially important to create artificial tissues with biological functions. For instance, the fabrication of vessel‐like networks to supply cells with initial nutrient and oxygen, and the arrangement of multiple types of cells for creating lamellar/complex tissues through 3D bioprinting are widely reported. The current advances in 3D bioprinting of artificial tissues from the view of construction of biomimetic microstructures, especially the fabrication of lamellar, vascular, and complex structures are summarized. In the end, the conclusion and perspective of 3D bioprinting for clinical applications are elaborated.