非均匀纵向场对等离子体平衡的影响

讨论了纵向不均匀磁场导致磁面与等离子的畸变。对于锐边界情形和具有体电流分布情形求解了平衡方程，特别是给出了磁面变形依赖于各参量变化的表达式。     

自由边界螺旋对称磁流体平衡的数值研究

用自洽平衡方程数值求解了自由边界螺旋对称平衡,并未发现如非自洽方法计算所得到的磁岛结构。在存在l=2螺旋绕组时,等离子体截面呈椭圆变形,与解析结果定性一致。     

开放型偏滤器平衡位形的数值计算

本文叙述自由边界环形等离子体MHD平衡崔序SWEQU的数值计算方法,并用该程序计算了开放型偏滤器平衡位形及相应的极向场线圈电流的配置。     

自由界面等离子体平衡的变分原理

在自由界面情况下用求位能汛函极值的变分原理推出了等离子体平衡所需满足的平衡方程和边界条件;其泛函的Euler方程即为具有自由界面条件的磁面函数方程。也给出了便于计算的变分泛函,它相当于等值面边界问题。对于导体壁为简单几何形状的情况,用Rit法进行了数值计算。 关键词：     

HL-2A装置低参数运行的等离子体边界

因为等离子体最后的封闭磁面（LCFS）最终决定等离子体的截面形状，并且等离子体位形与许多热点的先进托卡马克（AT）和聚变堆课题相联系，例如电流密度的控制、等离子体平衡、刮离层（SOL）、粒子和能量行为、高能等离子体以及MHD不稳定性抑制等，所以目前的托卡马克仍然需要对边界的相关物理进行研究，例如边界确认、等离子体平衡和极向磁通损失等。从控制AT或者研究放电等离子体物理性质来看。获得相对准确的与边界相联系的等离子体平衡性质也是重要的。     

托卡马克装置中等离子体环向旋转对三维响应场的影响

本文利用MARS-F程序,数值研究了HL-2M托卡马克装置高比压等离子体中,环向旋转对外加共振磁扰动场的响应特性的影响.研究发现,等离子体响应显著改变共振磁扰动的谱分布,并影响等离子体内部共振磁扰动场与共振磁扰动线圈电流相位差的依赖关系,从而改变有理面处径向扰动场的幅值.当边界旋转频率较小时,在最外有理面处,等离子体响应对外加共振磁扰动场有明显的放大效应.通常,边缘局域模的控制效果依赖于最外有理面处共振磁扰动场的幅度,因此可通过控制旋转剖面实现对共振磁扰动场的调控,进而优化边缘局域模的控制方案.     

EAST位形磁流体平衡的模拟

对托卡马克平衡反演数值计算代码EFIT进行了改进,使之适用于EAST装置的磁流体平衡研究.用改进后的平衡反演代码EFIT模拟了EAST装置稳态阶段的偏滤器平衡位形.提出极向场线圈电流作为线性方程组主约束条件,期望位形作为从约束条件,求解非对称电流条件下自由边界平衡问题的方法.结果表明,该方法能较为容易地得到非对称电流条件产生的平衡位形,在非对称电流条件下自由边界平衡计算是收敛的.     

用初-边值方法研究具有固定边界的等离子体Kink不稳定性

本文解出了具有固定边界的平衡等离子体磁面方程的解析解和数值解。用简化的Lax-Wendroff方法求出了压力、速度和磁场的扰动值。得到了线性增长率、平均β和平均β_p以及安全因子。我们发现:1.具有凹向电流剖面的等离子体比具有均匀电流剖面的等离子体更稳定,而具有凸向电流剖面的等离子体是最不稳定的;2.具有逆磁电流的等离子体比具有顺磁电流的等离子体更稳定。 关键词：     

自由界面轴对称等离子体位形的绝热演化

本文将轴对称等离子体的平衡方程与它对磁面求平均的磁面平均方程相结合,求出了等离子体平衡位形随时间的绝热演化。计算结果与解析的Furth-Yoshikawa定标律符合较好。文中还给出了两种不同类型磁压缩装置的等离子体位形的演化。 关键词：     

3维全电磁粒子模拟大规模并行程序NEPTUNE

 介绍了自主编制的3维全电磁粒子模拟大规模并行程序NEPTUNE的基本情况。该程序具备对多种典型高功率微波源器件的3维模拟能力,可以在数百乃至上千个CPU上稳定运行。该程序使用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法更新计算电磁场,采用Buneman-Boris算法更新粒子运动状态,运用质点网格法（PIC）处理粒子与电磁场的耦合关系,最后利用Boris方法求解泊松方程对电场散度进行修正,以确保计算精度。该程序初步具备复杂几何结构建模能力,可以对典型高功率微波器件中常见的一些复杂结构,如任意边界形状的轴对称几何体、正交投影面几何体,慢波结构、耦合孔洞、金属线和曲面薄膜等进行几何建模。该程序将理想导体边界、外加波边界、粒子发射与吸收边界及完全匹配层边界等物理边界应用于几何边界上,实现了数值计算的封闭求解。最后以算例的形式,介绍了使用NEPTUNE程序对磁绝缘线振荡器、相对论返波管、虚阴极振荡器及相对论速调管等典型高功率微波源器件进行的模拟计算情况,验证了模拟计算结果的可靠性,同时给出了并行效率的分布情况。     

Equilibrium properties of a multi-component ionic mixture: II. Fluctuation formulae

The complete set of fluctuation formulae for the partial densities, the pressure and the energy density of a multi-component ionic mixture is derived from equilibrium statistical mechanics. Sum rules for the pair correlation functions are used to write the fluctuation formulae in terms of thermodynamical quantities.     

Tokamak中自举电流的剖面准直性

利用Harris模型,通过求解等离子体平衡方程,计算俘获粒子份额,分别对常规剪切和中心负剪切下tokamak中的自举电流的大小和剖面准直性进行了计算和分析.自举电流分布与等离子体平衡电流分布之间的剖面准直性可以通过调整等离子体的密度、温度和电流分布参数,以及描述等离子体形状的拉长度k和三角变形因子d来获得.中心负剪切位形有利于自举电流产生,并有好的剖面准直性.通过计算比较,分别在常规剪切位形下和中心负剪切位形下获得了一组优化的等离子体参数,在这组参数下,自举电流有较大的份额和好的剖面准直性 关键词： tokamak 自举电流 剖面准直性     

Linear mode conversion of waves near the maxima or minima of the density in a warm magnetized plasma

Behaviour of the h. f. electrostatic waves near the plasma or upper hybrid resonances was studied in the case that these resonances are situated at the maxima or minima of the plasma density. Supposing the parabolic density profile in these regions we obtained the connection formulae for the WKB solutions. In a weakly inhomogeneous magnetoplasma the effect of the parabolic profile manifests itself only in narrow frequency band centred at the resonance frequency corresponding to the extreme value of the density. The whole process can be then described by only two coefficients, viz. the power conversion and power transmission coefficients.     

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欧姆驱动条件下,托卡马克等离子体中的电流由欧姆驱动电流和等离子体内部的自恰电流构成。在简单的Spitzer电阻率模型下,欧姆驱动的环向电流密度剖面,主要由每一时刻的电子温度剖面和有效电荷数Zeff的剖面决定。讨论并给出了确定了平衡位形的基本方程,在大环径比近似下,给出了存在锯齿振荡条件下的环向电流剖面和小的非圆变形的平衡解。     

Zur spektroskopischen Temperatur- und Dichtemessung von Plasmen bei Abwesenheit thermodynamischen Gleichgewichtes

After a discussion of the ionization formulae for both a steady-state and a transient plasma with and without thermodynamic equilibrium it is shown that for the practical application of these formulae the introduction of a non-Maxwellian velocity distribution function for the electrons is necessary in special cases, because the electrons can escape from the plasma without effecting a sufficiently high number of ionizing impacts. The influence of both the “Maxwell”- and the “Druyvesteyn”-distribution on the excitation, ionization, and recombination processes is treated quantitatively. The modification of the ionization formula due to three-body collisional recombination into excited states is discussed. It is emphasized that the normally unknown velocity distribution of the electrons can be obtained by measuring the free-bound recombination continuae.     

多道干涉仪测量托卡马克等离子体电子密度

一、引 言 在目前托卡马克等离子体诊断中,采用垂直多道干涉仪测量等离子体电子密度时,由于等离子体水平位移的影响,使得测量信号在沿大环半径方向的分布是非对称的。这就要求采用非对称的Abel变换来给出等离子体电子密度的空间分布。一种常用的非对称Abel变换是分离变量法,它的基本思想是把测量信号分成对称元和非对称的权函数,对称部分采用标准的Abel变换,变换的结果乘上非对称的权函数。这种方法实际上是假定了等离子体电子密度弦积分值的不对称性与局部的不对称性是相同的;而且对称部分采用标准的Abel变换,如Barr的方法,Bockasten方法等。这些方法是把等离子体看成一个个同心圆,没有考虑到等离子体水平位移引起的弦长变化。本文采用一种新的变换方法,这种方法的特点是考虑到等离子体位移的实际情况。     

Probing molecular free energy landscapes by periodic loading

Single molecule pulling experiments provide information about interactions in biomolecules that cannot be obtained by any other method. However, the reconstruction of the molecule's free energy profile from the experimental data is still a challenge, in particular, for the unstable barrier regions. We propose a new method for obtaining the full profile by introducing a periodic ramp and using Jarzynski's relation for obtaining equilibrium quantities from nonequilibrium data. Our simulated experiments show that this method delivers significant more accurate data than previous methods, under the constraint of equal experimental effort.     

Relativistic thermal equilibrium of non-neutral plasmas

Finite temperature effects on the relativistic radial equilibrium of a non-neutral plasma are analyzed. An equation for an effective potential governing the self-consistent radial density profile is derived in the case of global thermal equilibrium. The effect of a finite temperature turns out to be particularly strong for the fast mode of rigid plasma rotation, where the density profile can extend beyond the cold limiting radius.     

Subpicosecond pulse laser absorption by an overdense plasma with variable ionization

Transient ionization of an overdense plasma produced by a subpicosecond, p-polarized obliquely incident pulse laser of moderate intensity (10(16)-10(18) W/cm(2)) changes the plasma heat transfer via processes dominated by the return current and the absorption rate via ion acceleration. To explore the effect of variable ionization, a hybrid one-dimensional electro-magnetic particle-in-cell method that conforms to a direct solution of the Fokker-Planck-Landau equation is applied. A method that includes the Langevin equation to account for Coulomb collisions and the average ion model to calculate the nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium ionization balance provides good agreement between the computed absorption and the measured results.     

Relativistic scattering phase shifts,bound state energies,and wave function normalization factors for a screened Coulomb potential of the Hulthén type: New,approximate formulae

Relativistic scattering phase shifts, bound state energies, and wave function normalization factors for a screened Coulomb potential of the Hulthén type are presented in the form of relatively simple analytic expressions. These formulae have been obtained by a suitable renormalization procedure applied to the quantities derived from an approximate Dirac equation which contains the exact Hulthén potential together with approximate angular momentum terms. When the screening exponent vanishes, the formulae reduce to the exact Coulomb expressions.