基于FPGA延迟链差值的时间间隔测量方法

基于FPGA的时间间隔测量,由于其精度高、成本低、系统结构简单等突出优点,在时间间隔测量领域已成为主要研究方向之一。介绍了一种基于FPGA延迟链差值的时间间隔测量方法,利用片内单元缓冲器与触发器组成的延迟链形成的延迟链差值进行时间间隔测量,整个系统占用了较少的芯片资源。此方法既可为功能电路独立使用,也可通过FPGA中Logic Lock反标注进行系统的移植。此次研究建立在Altera公司的Cyclone系列二代芯片上,时序仿真表明时间间隔测量误差小于1ns,硬件测试精度优于2ns。     

基于时间Petri网的综合航电系统时序验证分析

综合航电系统是一种对可靠性、实时性要求非常高的嵌入式应用系统。为了解决针对复杂应用场景下综合航电系统的处理时间和工作时序预估较困难、且计算自动化程度不高等测试验证问题,提出了一种基于时间约束Petri网的综合航电系统时序验证和分析方法。给出了时间约束Petri网的形式化定义,分析了综合航电系统工作流程中各节点的时间属性,通过引入时序约束路径的概念,并提出了时序推理算法。通过在仿真算例中进行计算并对比实际运行数据,结果表明该方法在针对综合航电系统运行时序的验证分析方面具有有效性。     

通用硬件脉冲序列发生器的研制

为了满足任意核磁共振脉冲序列的需要,提高脉冲序列发生器的性能和稳定性,本文提出了一种基于现场可编程逻辑器件（FPGA）和大容量高位宽静态存储器（SRAM）的硬件脉冲序列发生器,详细讨论了这种设计方案的特点,并通过一系列实验验证了其性能和可行性.     

中子数字成像FPGA抗辐照技术研究

中子数字成像试验中,现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）是重要的成像逻辑控制器件。然而,中子辐照易引起FPGA的单粒子效应,对中子成像引入本底噪声,因此必须采取措施,减少中子辐照对FPGA成像的影响。结合图像周期性的特点,采用三判二的技术方法替代三模冗余,裁决成像关键信号;采用硬件实现的中值滤波算法,平滑由于RAM区单粒子翻转等原因呈现在图像上的噪点。仿真结果表明,本文采用的两种技术方法不但降低资金成本,提高FPGA资源冗余度,而且在取得良好的抗辐照滤波效果的同时,保留图像细节。时序仿真和硬件平台验证了设计的正确性。     

基于FPGA和ADS8638的数据采集系统的设计与实现

为了解决常用数据采集产品体积较大的问题,选用一种体积小,转换速度快的多通道AD转换芯片ADS8638,设计了FPGA与芯片间的接口电路,并采用verilog语言编写了控制程序,以控制ADS8638芯片对各通道输入的模拟量进行AD转换。通过软件仿真验证、静态时序分析,仿真和分析结果表明,该软件功能、性能、时序正确。最后,将软件经过综合、布局布线后下载到ACTEL FPGA芯片中进行硬件系统测试,测试结果表明,本技术方案设计合理,功能可靠,降低了常用数据采集系统的体积和功耗,具有良好的实用价值。     

基于FPGA和CAN控制器软核的CAN总线发送系统的设计与实现

基于FPGA嵌入式片上可编程技术,采用现有的CAN总线控制器软核模块,设计了软核控制程序,将由CAN控制器软核及其控制程序组成的CAN发送软件嵌入在FPGA内部,开发了CAN总线通信系统,实现了对CAN总线数字量的发送。经过软件仿真验证、静态时序分析和硬件系统测试,仿真和测试结果表明,该系统设计合理,方案可行,时序正确,功能、性能满足要求。系统将硬件软件化,有效的减少了外围芯片的数量,降低了系统的体积和功耗,提高了产品的集成度、通用性和可靠性,具有良好的实用价值和推广前景。     

积分时间可调的CCD相机驱动时序设计与实现

在分析帧转移CCD的结构和驱动时序的基础之上,对时序关系和积分时间选择进行了计算,并给出积分时间可调的循环嵌套时序设计方案.以现场可编程逻辑门阵列为硬件载体,用硬件描述语言对方案进行设计.考虑到CCD驱动时序复杂、相位要求严格,提出运用锁相环技术进行高频信号的精确移相,用嵌入式逻辑分析仪对时序进行采样验证,在CCD电路板上实现了积分时间可调的CCD空间相机驱动时序.     

飞行器FPGA检测点优化设置方法

,针对诱发宇宙空间环境下航空航天飞行器工作异常和故障的FPGA单粒子效应,分析了FPGA电路的特点,从空间和时间维度上,提出基于“运算单元 存储器/触发器”进行FPGA电路层次模块的划分;结合节点所在位置的重要性、节点与其它节点的关联程度以及节点本身的单粒子软错误翻转概率,提出了重要度分析模型,从而建立基于重要度排序的对测试点设置优化方法。测试实验表明,该方法是一种可行的检测点优化设置方法。     

第三种波粒二象性的揭示及其实验验证

简单回顾了Einstein 1905年揭示的第一种波粒二象性（光的波粒二象性）与de Broglie 1923年揭示的第二种波粒二象性（实物粒子的波粒二象性）及其实验验证过程，指出了这两种波粒二象性的本质差别，分析了波粒二象性的逻辑体系并指出：只要把Gan1995年揭示的“经典（电磁）场在结构上的颗粒性”当作“第三种波粒二象性”就能构成“三种波粒二象性”的完美组合，利用“波粒二象性的相变假说”还可以把这“三种波粒二象性”和谐地统一起来。借助于经典条件下光的经典理论与量子理论究竟哪一个更为精确的实验判决（见《光散射学报》）2006年第1期第75．79页《Lorentz-Compton佯谬与一个双赢判决性散射实验设计》）还可以完成“第三种波粒二象性”和“波粒二象性的相变假说”的实验验证。     

基于Gate与Matlab的PET电子学仿真系统研究

正电子发射断层成像PET （Positron Emission Tomography）是一套庞大、复杂而又极其精密的大型医疗设备,由成千上万个探测单元及相应的信号采集通道组成,其复杂的采集逻辑直接导致系统前期研发迭代次数多、硬件调试困难,且时间与资金成本投入高。本文通过研究PET系统整体结构及前端电子采集模块的功能,设计出基于Gate仿真软件（Geant4 application for tomographic emission）和MATLAB （matrixlaboratory,Mathworks Inc.）数据处理包的PET电子学仿真架构,利用数字化单事件重建DiSER （digitalsingle-event-reconstruction）模型将Gate仿真得到的湮灭事件的能量、时间信息进行综合,转换为光子脉冲信号并由模数转换器ADC （analog-to-digital converter）进行量化,量化数据输入到现场可编程门阵列FPGA （field programmable gate array）和MATLAB协仿真模块中,验证FPGA硬件采集算法的可行性。待各模块的湮灭事件采集完毕,将多模块数据进一步综合输入到FPGA符合处理模块中,完成PET系统符合单元的功能验证。最后,将设计的算法在基于飞行时间技术的TOF （time-of flight）-PET样机上进行了测试,验证了设计的有效性和正确性。该系统仿真平台可应用于PET系统整个研发周期,其搭建思路也可灵活、有效地拓展到其他领域的系统建模与验证之中。     

时间反转和逆时偏移混合法中参数改变对目标检测和定位的影响*

时间反转和逆时偏移混合法能有效地抑制分层介质中界面或底面反射波的干扰,从而实现分层介质中目标的检测和定位。该文计算得到阵列阵元的疏密,目标在空间中不同位置,以及不同载波频率相应的声场图和声场等高线图,从而详细研究不同参数对目标检测和定位的影响。研究结果表明,接收阵元需要达到一定数目才能获得较好的聚焦效果;目标无论距阵列远近都可以被很好地定位,特别是离界面很近的目标也可以清晰地分辨出来;用调制载波信号可以得到在目标处更尖锐的声场分布,但周围的各处声场分布高低起伏,可能带来定位的不稳定。     

Estimation of time delay by coherence analysis

Using coherence analysis (which is an extensively used method to study the correlations in frequency domain, between two simultaneously measured signals) we estimate the time delay between two signals. This method is suitable for time delay estimation of narrow band coherence signals for which the conventional methods cannot be reliably applied. We show, by analysing coupled Rössler attractors with a known delay, that the method yields satisfactory results. Then, we apply this method to human pathologic tremor. The delay between simultaneously measured traces of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) data of subjects with essential hand tremor is calculated. We find that there is a delay of 11–27 milli-seconds (ms) between the tremor correlated parts (cortex) of the brain (EEG) and the trembling hand (EMG) which is in agreement with the experimentally observed delay value of 15 ms for the cortico-muscular conduction time. By surrogate analysis we calculate error bars of the estimated delay.     

共振光散射的时间量子理论

本文发展了Ｓｃｈｏｍｍｅｒｓ的时间观点，定义了时间，尤其是表征量子系统光散射的散射时间和共振散射时间。通过散射时间本征态的假定实现了散射时间的量子化，得到了量子化的共振散射时间。对原子的弹性光散射和Ｒａｍａｎ散射的成功应用推出了原子和原子的价电子逐级电离所形成的离子的所有原子能级的普适近似公式。     

A characterization of horizontal visibility graphs and combinatorics on words

A Horizontal Visibility Graph (HVG) is defined in association with an ordered set of non-negative reals. HVGs realize a methodology in the analysis of time series, their degree distribution being a good discriminator between randomness and chaos Luque et al. [B. Luque, L. Lacasa, F. Ballesteros, J. Luque, Horizontal visibility graphs: exact results for random time series, Phys. Rev. E 80 (2009), 046103]. We prove that a graph is an HVG if and only if it is outerplanar and has a Hamilton path. Therefore, an HVG is a noncrossing graph, as defined in algebraic combinatorics Flajolet and Noy [P. Flajolet, M. Noy, Analytic combinatorics of noncrossing configurations, Discrete Math., 204 (1999) 203-229]. Our characterization of HVGs implies a linear time recognition algorithm. Treating ordered sets as words, we characterize subfamilies of HVGs highlighting various connections with combinatorial statistics and introducing the notion of a visible pair. With this technique, we determine asymptotically the average number of edges of HVGs.     

基于时延估计的分裂阵时域波束形成技术

大孔径拖曳线列阵受舰艇横向机动、洋流影响和水动力影响时会产生一定的阵形畸变,阵形畸变使得波束形成时阵列流型失配,进而降低了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。在无法进行阵形估计时,基于时延估计的分裂阵时域波束形成技术将大孔径拖曳线阵分为左右两个子阵分别做波束形成,通过加权广义相关时延估计算法估算对应波束的时延差,再依据估算时延差对左右两个波束进行延时求和得到最终的波束信号。仿真和海试数据证明,相对于全阵直接做波束形成的方法,基于时延估计的分裂阵的时域波束形成技术有效提高了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。     

A basis-free approach to time-reversal for symmetry groups

We develop a basis-free approach to time-reversal for the quantal angular momentum group,SU2, and apply these methods to the physical symmetrySU2_isospin,SU3_flavor,SU3_nuclear and the nuclear collective symmetry groupSL(3,R) of Gell-Mann and Tomonaga.     

A Geometric Approach to Time Evolution Operators of Lie Quantum Systems

Lie systems in Quantum Mechanics are studied from a geometric point of view. In particular, we develop methods to obtain time evolution operators of time-dependent Schrödinger equations of Lie type and we show how these methods explain certain ad hoc methods used in previous papers in order to obtain exact solutions. Finally, several instances of time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonian are solved.     

Comparison between instantaneous and integral intensities in dynamic speckle pattern interferometry

A new speckle measurement technique called temporal speckle pattern interferometry or time sequential speckle pattern interferometry has been developed recently. Its principle is that by capturing the temporal speckle patterns related to the object deformation or displacement, the whole-field displacement, the amplitude of the vibrating object and the shape of the tested object can be calculated through speckle intensity fluctuation scanning technique or Fourier-transforming method. In this paper, we combine the analytical and numerical methods to simulate the properties of the time demodulation in temporal speckle patterns interferometry techniques. The performance of three kinds of temporal phase sequences, power, exponential and harmonic phase sequences, are studied with the parameters of temporal speckle intensity fluctuation, the value of the spatial phase term, optical integral time of the recording camera and the initial phase of the temporal speckle intensities. The results indicate that the normalized value and period change of the instantaneous intensity are nearly coincident with that of the integral intensity for the harmonic temporal phase sequences and are different for the power and exponential temporal phase sequences.     

Economy with the time delay of information flow—The stock market case

Any decision process requires information about the past and present state of the system, but in an economy acquiring data and processing it is an expensive and time-consuming task. Therefore, the state of the system is often measured over some legal interval, analysed after the end of well defined time periods and the results announced much later before any strategic decision is envisaged. The various time delay roles have to be crucially examined. Here, a model of stock market coupled with an economy is investigated to emphasise the role of the time delay span on the information flow. It is shown that the larger the time delay the more important the collective behaviour of agents since one observes time oscillations in the absolute log-return autocorrelations.