光控二维光子晶体光开关

提出了一种调节液晶光子晶体光子带隙的方法。二维三角介质柱形光子晶体位于2块熔凝石英片之间,在介质柱之间填充各向同性排列的液晶,受偏振紫外光照射后,光诱导液晶分子定向排列,通过光诱导液晶分子取向改变液晶的折射率。数值模拟结果表明：通过外界光场控制所填充的向列相液晶分子的方向可以对这种二维三角形介质柱光子晶体的禁带结构进行调节。该可调光子晶体可控制波导中TM模和TE模的选择性传输,因而可应用于制作全光光开关。     

偶极子位置及偏振对激发光子晶体H1微腔的影响

光子晶体微腔和量子点的集成是实现量子信息处理非常具有潜力的平台之一,利用微腔和量子点的耦合可以制备纠缠光子对,实现对量子态的操控.因为光子晶体微腔具有品质因子高、模场体积小等优点,可以极大地增强光与物质之间的相互作用,从而易于实现量子态在不同物理体系之间的转换.通过单量子点和光子晶体H1微腔的耦合可以产生纠缠光子对,因为H1微腔具有简并的、模式偏振正交的基态模式.通常微腔模式的激发随着量子点在微腔中的位置变化而改变,本文用时域有限差分方法研究了偶极子光源的位置及偏振对激发光子晶体H1微腔模式的影响.结果表明:通过改变偶极子光源位置可以选择性地激发H1微腔简并模式中的一个;具有某一偏振的偶极子光源只能激发相应偏振的微腔模式;模式激发强度的大小也是由偶极子光源在微腔中的位置决定的.鉴于目前量子点在微腔中的位置尚不能精确控制,所以微腔模式受激发光源位置的影响的研究具有重要意义.     

Polarization dependent inter-core interferences in twin-core photonic crystal fiber and its application to high temperature measurement

We investigate polarization dependent differential group modal index sensitivity to temperature in twin-core photonic crystal fiber. Characteristics of guided modes and the group modal index difference in twin-core photonic crystal fiber (TC-PCF) are numerically analyzed. The geometrical asymmetry between the two cores induces significantly reduced power coupling between two core modes and difference in their effective indices. Two cores form two effective optical paths. We also experimentally demonstrate polarization dependent differential group modal index sensitivity to the temperature. Since the TC-PCF has polarization dependent group modal index difference, TC-PCF based interferometer shows input polarization dependent free spectral range and temperature sensitivities. The effective index difference between the two core modes tends to increase when the temperature increases.     

高双折射光子晶体光纤中均匀布拉格光栅的特性

研究了具有高双折射的光子晶体光纤(HB PCF)中均匀布拉格光栅(FBG)的光谱特性。利用紧凑的超格子模型,对光子晶体光纤的传输特性进行分析,研究正向传输和反向传输的模式之间的耦合规律,从而研究写入光子晶体光纤中的均匀布拉格光栅的特性。首先给出具有C6v对称性的零双折射光子晶体光纤中光纤布拉格光栅的布拉格波长λB随光纤结构参量的变化规律;然后分析一种高双折射光子晶体光纤中的光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性,高双折射使两个不同偏振态的反射峰分开较大;最后分析了一种常用的双模双折射光子晶体光纤中光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性,LP01模和LPe11模的两个偏振态对应的反射谱都由于高双折射而分开。     

光子晶体波导耦合的波分复用研究

两平行光子晶体单模波导的相互耦合组成一个耦合结构。两本征模的色散曲线相交并出现简并,简并模之间的耦合作用使模式的分布发生了改变。由于耦合的作用,各个波长的光波会在不同的波导中传输。在简并点处两本征模发生解耦合,光波会沿着原来的方向传输。将两个不同耦合长度的光子晶体波导耦合结构集成在一起,就可以组成一个三波长的光子晶体波分复用器。     

Electromagnetic modes in semi-infinite photonic crystals

In a real photonic crystal, there exist three modes: propagation mode, evanescence mode and surface mode. Using ideal modal, semi-infinite photonic crystals, we study their effects on the transmission spectrum of photonic crystals, respectively. Because there exists only one air–crystal interface in a semi-infinite photonic crystal, no multiple reflection occurs and no evanescent modes and backward-propagating modes exist in this structure. The effects of the evanescence modes are studied by comparing the transmission spectrum of a finite-thickness photonic crystal slab and that of a semi-infinite photonic crystal. In addition, the effects of the backward-propagating modes are investigated using a coated semi-infinite photonic crystal structure. Finally, we study the effects of the surface modes, and find that the transmission spectrum of a semi-infinite photonic crystal is strongly dependent on its termination.     

可见光波段SiO2/CdSe一维光子晶体及缺陷模的研究究

采用SiO2/CdSe构建了可见光波段一维光子晶体结构,并在其中引入LiTaO3缺陷层。利用传输矩阵法,分析了电磁波在无缺陷与含LiTaO3缺陷层两种光子晶体中的带隙结构,系统地研究了缺陷层参数对光子晶体可见光波段带隙结构的影响规律。计算结果表明：LiTaO3的引入,有利于带隙宽度的增加,调整缺陷层结构参数,缺陷模的位置可在不同颜色区域出现,如红光、黄光等缺陷模。该结构有望用于制作可见光波段的滤波器。     

Loss analysis of air-core photonic crystal fibers

By using a multipole moment approach, we analyze the loss of an air-core photonic crystal fiber and demonstrate that it is possible reduce the transmission loss that is due to photon radiation leakage through the photonic crystal cladding to a level below 0.01 dB/km, with eight rings of air holes. An analogy is drawn between air-core photonic crystal fiber modes and Bragg fiber modes. The influence of material absorption in the silica glass is discussed.     

光子晶体光纤的弯曲损耗振荡特性分析

综合运用弯曲光纤的等效直光纤模型、全矢量频域有限差分法及各向异性完全匹配层吸收边界,计算了两种类型(折射率引导型和带隙型)光子晶体光纤(PCF)的弯曲损耗.通过数值模拟弯曲损耗随弯曲半径的变化关系,证实了两种光子晶体光纤均具有弯曲损耗振荡特性.进而分析了两种光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗振荡的产生机理并给出了与损耗峰对应的包层模式.结果表明,振荡的产生源于基模与包层模式的耦合,其中,折射率引导型光子晶体光纤的弯曲损耗振荡机理类似于传统双包层光纤,带隙型光子晶体光纤弯曲损耗振荡的产生则是两种不同类型的包层模式共同作用的结果.     

Modes of capillary photonic-crystal fibers with hollow core

A rigorous method of integral equations has been used to calculate the dispersion characteristics, fields, and radiation patterns of the leaky modes of photonic-crystal fibers with a shell in the form of a bounded 2D photonic crystal composed of parallel quartz capillaries contacting each other and a core in the form of a defect of a photonic crystal with one capillary removed. It is shown that, when thick-walled capillaries (with an air content in the shell of about 28%) are used, these fibers can be single mode and have an overlap integral of the fundamental-mode field with the dielectric medium that is smaller by a factor of more than two (in comparison with similar fibers formed by air channels of circular cross section). The significant dispersion of the group velocity of the fundamental modes of fibers near the edge of the photonic crystal band gap has been found.     

二维正方晶格光子晶体禁带特性

基于平面波展开法,以碳化硅构成二维正方晶格光子晶体,数值模拟了TE模、TM模二维光子晶体的禁带特性,结果表明,TE模更容易形成光子禁带。同时设计了以碳化硅构成二维正方晶格光子晶体波导,数值模拟了TE模、TM模波导的传输特性和禁带特性,结果表明,TE模构成的波导电磁波能够较好的传播,它们的光子禁带都没有出现。研究结论为光子晶体波导器件的开发提供参考。     

Beaming of light and enhanced transmission via surface modes of photonic crystals

We report beaming and enhanced transmission of electromagnetic waves by use of surface corrugated photonic crystals. The modes of a finite-size photonic crystal composed of dielectric rods in free space have been analyzed by the plane-wave expansion method. We show the existence of surface propagating modes when the surface of the finite-size photonic crystal is corrugated. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the transmission through photonic crystal waveguides can be substantially increased by the existence of surface propagating modes at the input surface. In addition, the power emitted from the photonic crystal waveguide is confined to a narrow angular region when an appropriate surface corrugation is added to the output surface of the photonic crystal.     

多系双局域态光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性分析

利用紧束缚方法分析了双局域态光子晶体产生双缺陷模的机理, 采用传输矩阵法研究了一维光子晶体的光学传输特性, 并得到了透射谱与晶体结构参数的关系, 在此基础上讨论了光子晶体在受到单轴应力时所表现出的介观压光效应, 据此设计了一种结构简单的应力调制的近红外波段的多通道滤波结构.通过数值模拟可以看出, 随着各介质层折射率或厚度的增加, 缺陷模发生红移.当对多系双局域态光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力时, 各缺陷峰都向长波长移动, 且缺陷峰峰值基本不变.经过数值拟合, 缺陷峰中心波长与对光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力所产生的应变呈线性关系.该滤波器结构简单、可调谐性好, 在一系列精巧的光子晶体激光器、波分复用器或者其他精密仪器的制造中有一定的应用价值.     

十二重准晶中的方向缺陷

采用多重散射的方法研究了十二重准晶中的缺陷模,发现在十二重准晶中存在方向缺陷,且当缺陷组合围绕对称中心旋转时,在保持原有缺陷模的基础上,出现了新的缺陷模. 关键词： 准晶 缺陷 带隙     

Theoretical study of light localization in photonic bandgaps of organic octagonal quasiperiodic photonic crystal slabs

Based on the polystyrene material of low refractive index, light localization in photonic bandgaps of two kinds of 2D octagonal quasiperiodic photonic crystal slabs are investigated in theory, including the air-rod polystyrene slab and polystyrene-rod slab. The properties of bandgaps and localized modes in both two defect-free patterns are analyzed in detail. When a single-point defect is introduced into two quasiperiodic structures, the position of emerging defect modes and the red-shifting of resonant modes in wavelength are observed quite differently when the defect microcavity is increased in size. This difference is caused by the competition of two physical mechanisms, which are the effect of defect energy levels caused by defects introduced into photonic crystals and the resonance of modes in the defect cavity. These results will provide theoretical support for experimental fabrication of organic light-emitting quasiperiodic photonic crystal devices.     

色散负折射特异介质的1维光子晶体缺陷态

在1维光子晶体中引入色散负折射特异介质,分析了其介电常数和磁导率在微波区（1～10 GHz）与频率的关系。分别对以色散负折射介质为缺陷的正折射率介质光子晶体及以正折射率介质为缺陷的正负折射率介质光子晶体进行了数值仿真,得出了均匀平面电磁波在正入射和斜入射时的透射谱。结果表明：在介电常数和磁导率均为负值的不同禁带中,分别出现了单、双缺陷模。利用透射谱的这一特点,可实现单、双通道滤波。     

色散负折射特异介质的1维光子晶体缺陷态

在1维光子晶体中引入色散负折射特异介质,分析了其介电常数和磁导率在微波区（1～10 GHz）与频率的关系。分别对以色散负折射介质为缺陷的正折射率介质光子晶体及以正折射率介质为缺陷的正负折射率介质光子晶体进行了数值仿真,得出了均匀平面电磁波在正入射和斜入射时的透射谱。结果表明:在介电常数和磁导率均为负值的不同禁带中,分别出现了单、双缺陷模。利用透射谱的这一特点,可实现单、双通道滤波。     

Photonic band structure calculations for metal-clad two-dimensional photonic crystal slab

We study the effect of metallic cladding on the band structure of a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. Band structures of a honeycomb patterned two-dimensional photonic crystal slab, with/without a metal-clad or a perfect conductor clad, are calculated using both the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the plane wave expansion (PWE) method. We explain the changes of the band structure due to cladding. We also show that the band structure of a metal-clad photonic crystal can be obtained effectively from the odd modes of the air bridge type dielectric photonic crystal slab, thicker than the metal-clad photonic crystal by a factor larger than two.     

Localized photonic modes in photonic crystal heterostructures

In this work, interface modes of two-dimensional photonic crystal heterostructures have been investigated by usage of the supercell method. The photonic crystal heterostructure is made of two photonic crystals with square symmetry in which one of them is composed of circular dielectric rods in air background and the other one is constructed by drilled square holes in dielectric. It is shown that using of a proper supercell plays an important role in obtaining the correct interface modes. We have also showed that the guided interface modes and single mode which is different from those reported in some published works are nearly dispersionless.     

Photonic molecule lasing

Lasing at resonantly coupled whispering-gallery mode frequencies is observed in photonic molecules consisting of bispheres of 4.2 and 5.1 microm in diameter placed in a silicon V-groove. We examine spatial profiles of photonic molecule modes by use of frequency-resolved imaging and reveal bonding and antibonding mode features. From the lasing threshold characteristics, we quantitatively measure the quality factor and the spontaneous-emission coupling ratio of the photonic molecule modes and confirm that strong coherent coupling leads to photonic molecule modes.