工业化生产CLF-1钢轧板力学性能差异研究

采用成分分析、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等分析测试方法,综合化学成分、显微组织和析出相等对工业化生产CLF-1钢轧板力学性能差异原因进行分析研究。研究结果表明,两种轧板主要化学元素含量相差较小并符合技术要求值;10mm轧板晶粒尺寸较35mm轧板偏小,两种轧板马氏体板条宽度分别为200~350nm、600~800nm,析出物体积分数分别为2.56%、1.98%。两种轧板原奥氏体晶粒尺寸、马氏体板条宽度、析出物体积分数和尺寸的差异是造成其力学性能差异较大的主要原因,而这些差异可能是由锻压和热轧变形量不同,热处理工艺参数不同所造成的。因此,在CLF-1钢轧板的工业化生产过程中必须保证不同厚度板材锻压和轧制的总变形量一致,并且严格控制热处理工艺参数。     

第一壁材料用纳米结构氧化物弥散强化钢制备工艺及其性能研究进展

近年来发展起来的纳米结构氧化物弥散强化钢(ODS钢),因其有优异的耐高温、抗辐照及力学性能,满足聚变堆第一壁结构材料的要求。本文主要简述了纳米结构ODS钢制备工艺及其性能的研究进展。     

聚变堆用CLF-1 钢与316L 钢TIG 焊接接头组织与性能初步研究

对用W19123L 为焊丝的聚变堆用低活化CLF-1 钢与316L 钢的钨极氩弧焊(TIG)焊接接头金相组织及性能进行了初步研究。结果表明：焊接接头成型良好、无缺陷;金相组织表明焊接接头由CLF-1 侧(母材区、热影响区、熔合区)、过渡层、焊缝区、316L 侧(母材区、热影响区、熔合区)组成;室温拉伸试验结果优于母材的最低要求值;弯曲试验后的焊接接头内外表面完好,无裂纹产生,变形均匀;焊接接头冲击值成凹型分布,焊缝区冲击值最低,焊缝两侧热影响区冲击值次之,母材冲击值最高,316L 侧冲击值略高于CLF-1 侧,均满足焊接接头设计值;焊接接头上表面1.6mm 硬度波动较大,略高于1/2T 和下表面1.6mm 处,焊接接头1/2T 和下表面1.6mm 硬度分布较均匀,从CLF-1 侧到316L 侧有下降趋势。整体焊接性能基本稳定,满足异种钢焊接性能匹配要求。     

JLF-1钢高温循环变形后硬度与微观结构的数值关系

高温循环变形是结构材料性能降级的主要原因之一.用透射电子显微镜对低活化铁素体/马氏体钢——JLF-1钢低周疲劳样品的微观结构进行了分析,并测试了循环变形前后此钢显微维氏硬度的变化.为了掌握JLF-1钢性能在高温循环变形中的变化机理,依据位错理论,用最小二乘法对高温循环变形后的显微维氏硬度与微观结构进行了回归计算,得到了此钢显微维氏硬度与板条尺寸、位错胞尺寸、位错密度的数值关系. 关键词： 低活化铁素体/马氏体钢 循环变形 微观结构 显微维氏硬度     

316L/RAFM钢电子束焊对接接头的微观组织与力学性能研究

在150kV/39mA的焊接参数下进行了316L/RAFM钢电子束焊工艺实验,对接头微观组织与力学性能进行了测试分析。在存在磁偏转的情况下,有效焊接深度达到了18mm,且焊接接头性能良好。     

低活化马氏体钢热等静压焊接接头性能初步研究

研究了低活化马氏体钢(CLF-1)热等静压(HIP)焊接接头的性能,经980℃/1h/空冷+740℃/2h/空冷的性能热处理后,接头组织保持着CLF-1钢母材回火马氏体组织;常温拉伸性能与母材相当,断口为韧窝状且有第二相粒子产生,为塑性断裂且断于焊缝;常温冲击功最高为母材的26.2%。初步分析认为焊接表面制备状态、表面污染物、表面清洗状态、表面氧化膜都会影响基体原子充分扩散,导致界面扩散层不均匀,焊缝裂纹敏感性增强,冲击功低,且不稳定。     

高能重离子辐照的低活化钢硬化效应

为了探讨聚变堆候选低活化钢的抗辐照性能,在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室HIRFL的材料辐照终端,利用63 MeV的~(14)N离子和336 MeV的~(56)Fe离子在-50?C下对一种国产低活化钢进行辐照实验.借助离子梯度减能装置,使入射离子能量在0.22—6.17 MeV/u之间变化,从而在样品表面至24μm深度范围内产生0.05—0.20 dpa的原子离位损伤坪区.利用纳米压痕仪测试样品辐照前后的显微硬度,通过连续刚度测量(constant stiffness measurement)得到低活化钢硬度的深度剖面信息.使用Nix-Gao模型很好地描述了纳米压痕硬度随深度递减的现象(压痕尺寸效应,indentation size effect),从而有效避免了低能离子辐照的软基体效应(softer substrate effect).正电子湮灭寿命谱显示低活化钢在辐照之后长寿命成分增加,说明样品中产生了大量缺陷形成空位团,从而导致了材料力学性能的变化,在离子辐照剂量增加至0.2 dpa时,平均寿命τ_m增加量逐渐变慢,材料中辐照产生的缺陷趋于饱和.     

G50钢与G31钢动态力学性能的对比试验研究

采用拉伸、冲击、霍普金森杆压缩及所设计的爆轰加载试验方法,对比研究了G50钢与G31钢在准静态、动态及爆轰加载条件下的力学性能。试验结果表明:G50钢和G31钢在准静态、10^3 s^?1应变率下的动态力学性能相近;在爆轰加载条件下,G50钢和G31钢试样发生了近乎相同的破坏形态,说明在超高压及超高应变率条件下两种材料具有相近的屈服强度和抗拉强度。研究结果表明,G31钢与G50钢有相似的力学性能,在侵彻战斗部壳体方面可做进一步的应用尝试。     

RAFM钢TIG焊和电子束焊疲劳性能实验和分析模拟

利用ANSYS 对低活化铁素体马氏体(RAFM)钢进行非熔化极气体保护焊(TIG 焊)与电子束焊的抗疲劳模拟分析，再利用SDS200 电液伺服疲劳试验机对TIG 焊和电子束焊的两种RAFM 钢试件进行实验。通过施加相同梯度负荷对TIG 焊和电子束焊试件进行焊缝的疲劳性能实验。与实验结果对比分析，结果显示电子束焊优于 TIG 焊，但在一定负载下可以用TIG 焊代替电子束焊。     

含铝强化奥氏体钢在550℃液态铅铋中的腐蚀行为

先进铅冷快堆和加速器驱动次临界系统商业化的关键材料问题是结构材料与铅基冷却剂之间的相容性问题,结构钢材料需要在高温液态铅铋共晶中具有优异的抗腐蚀能力.含铝强化奥氏体钢（alumina-forming austenite steel,AFA钢）因其表面可以形成Al₂O₃膜而在极端环境中具有良好的耐蚀性能.本文研究了降低Ni元素成分和高温预氧化对AFA钢耐铅铋腐蚀性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱仪、X射线衍射技术,对AFA钢在550℃液态铅铋饱和溶氧条件下腐蚀600 h的氧化层形貌及结构进行表征.结果表明:降低合金中Ni含量和高温预氧化处理都会促进样品表面形成保护性Al₂O₃氧化膜,进而降低腐蚀层厚度,提升材料耐铅铋腐蚀性能.     

Small-angle neutron scattering study on the stability of oxide nanoparticles in long-term thermally aged 9Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened steel

A 9Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel was thermally aged at 873 K for up to 5000 h. The size distribution and chemical composition of the dispersed oxide nanoparticles were analyzed by small-angle neutron scattering under a magnetic field. Combined with transmission electron microscopy, Vickers micro-hardness tests and electron backscattered diffraction measurements, all the results showed that the thermal treatment had little or no effect on the size distributions and volume fractions of the oxide nanoparticles in the ferromagnetic matrix, which suggested excellent thermal stability of the 9Cr-ODS steel.     

Microstructures and properties of high Cr content coatings on inner surfaces of carbon steel tubular components prepared by a novel mechanical alloying method

In the present work, a novel mechanical alloying method was developed to prepare high Cr content coatings on the inner surface of carbon steel tubular components using a planetary ball mill. The microstructure and elemental and phase composition of mechanically alloyed coatings at different processing conditions were studied using SEM, XRD, and EDX. It showed that a proper increase in the applied milling time and the disc rotation speed favored the improvement in the thickness, surface smoothness, densification level, and microstructural homogeneity of the deposited coatings. With processing conditions optimized (rotation speed of 500 rpm and milling time of 10 h), a fully dense, 120 μm thick, high Cr content coating, consisting of metal Cr and Fe-20Cr solid solution alloy, was metallurgically bonded to the inner substrate. Comparative studies on the microhardness, corrosion resistance, and anti-oxidation capability of carbon steel substrates with and without coatings were performed. It was found that the maximum microhardness of the coating reached HV_0.1667, showing a threefold improvement upon the substrate. The coated surfaces exhibited favorable resistance against corrosion and thermal oxidation as compared with the bare substrate. Based on two important action mechanisms (i.e., friction effect and impact effect) associated with a planetary ball mill, a reasonable mechanism was presented for the formation of mechanically alloyed coatings on inner surfaces of tubular components.     

Oxide nanoparticles in an Al-alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened steel: crystallographic structure and interface with ferrite matrix

Abstract

Oxide nanoparticles are quintessential for ensuring the extraordinary properties of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels. In this study, the crystallographic structure of oxide nanoparticles, and their interface with the ferritic steel matrix in an Al-alloyed ODS steel, i.e. PM2000, were systematically investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The majority of oxide nanoparticles were identified to be orthorhombic YAlO₃. During hot consolidation and extrusion, they develop a coherent interface and a near cuboid-on-cube orientation relationship with the ferrite matrix in the material. After annealing at 1200 °C for 1 h, however, the orientation relationship between the oxide nanoparticles and the matrix becomes arbitrary, and their interface mostly incoherent. Annealing at 1300 °C leads to considerable coarsening of oxide nanoparticles, and a new orientation relationship of pseudo-cube-on-cube between oxide nanoparticles and ferrite matrix develops. The reason for the developing interfaces and orientation relationships between oxide nanoparticles and ferrite matrix under different conditions is discussed.     

Influence of annealing treatment on the microstructure and mechanical performance of cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating

In this study, 304 stainless steel coatings were deposited on interstitial-free steel substrate by cold spraying method. The effect of annealing treatment on microstructure, microhardness, ultimate tensile strength and fracture performance of the coatings were studied. The results showed that annealing treatment had made a dominant contribution to heal up the incomplete interfaces between the deposited particles. Both of the microstructure and the mechanical properties have been obviously optimized by annealing treatment. In addition, the coating microhardness decreased from 345 HV_0.2 for the as-sprayed coating to 201 HV_0.2 for the annealed coating. The coating ultimate tensile strength increased from 65 MPa for the as-sprayed coating to 357 MPa for the annealed coating, which resulted from the increase of the metallurgically bonded areas in the coating induced by annealing treatment. Fracture morphology of the coatings also revealed that annealing treatment changed the fracture character of the cold sprayed 304 stainless steel coating from brittle type to plastic type.     

The effect of multi-step milling and annealing treatments on microstructure and magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe-Si powders

Nanostructured Fe_1−xSi_x (x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) powders are prepared by different multi-step milling and annealing treatments. The microstructure and magnetic properties are investigated for all alloys. The minimum crystallite size of as-annealed powders (∼40 nm) is found to be larger than in as-milled ones (∼15 nm). It is found that microstrains of 2- and 4-step processes are close to those of the as-received powders. The lattice parameter decreased ∼0.5% and 0.9% for the powders that experienced milling and annealing at the last step, respectively. The Fe₈₀Si₂₀ powders prepared by 1- and 4-step treatments show the maximum (40-125 Oe) and minimum (20-26 Oe) coercivity, respectively. With increase in milling time, mass magnetization increased for all processes. This can be ascribed to diminution in magneto-crystalline anisotropy due to grain refinement. The maximum mass magnetization (160-199 Am²/kg) is achieved for the 4-step process.     

Annealing effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of amorphous Al-C-N films

Al-C-N thin films with different Al contents were deposited on Si (1 0 0) substrates by closed-field unbalanced reactive magnetron sputtering in the mixture of argon and nitrogen gases. These films were subsequently vacuum-annealed at 700 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. The microstructures of as-deposited and annealed films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); while the hardness and elastic modulus values were measured by nano-indention method. The results indicated that the microstructure of both as-deposited and annealed Al-C-N films strongly depended on Al content. For thin films at low Al content, film delamination rather than crystallization occurred after the sample was annealed at 1000 °C. For thin films at high Al content, annealing led to the formation of AlN nanocrystallites, which produced nanocomposites of AlN embedded into amorphous matrices. Both the density and size of AlN nanocrystallites were found to decrease with increasing depth from the film surface. With increasing of annealing temperature, both hardness and elastic modulus values were decreased; this trend was decreased at high Al content. Annealing did not change elastic recovery property of Al-C-N thin films.     

Study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of white clam shell

The microstructure and mechanical properties of white clam shell were investigated, respectively. It can be divided into horny layer, prismatic layer and nacreous layer. Crossed-lamellar structure was the microstructural characteristic. The extension direction of lamellae in prismatic layer was different from that in nacreous layer, which formed an angle on the interface between prismatic layer and nacreous layer. The phase component of three layers was CaCO₃ with crystallization morphology of aragonite, which confirmed the crossed-lamellar structural characteristic. White calm shell exhibited perfect mechanical properties. The microhardness values of three layers were 273 HV, 240 HV and 300 HV, respectively. The average values of flexure and compression strength were 110.2 MPa and 80.1 MPa, respectively. The macroscopical cracks crossed the lamellae and finally terminated within the length range of about 80 μm. It was the microstructure characteristics, the angle on the interface between prismatic and nacreous layer and the hardness diversity among the different layers that enhanced mechanical properties of white calm shell.