Modeling of multi-stage decision-making processes in multi-period energy-models

Many energy modeling efforts anticipate that the decisionmaker has complete foresight and that decision-making is a single-staged process. In addition to the many uncertainties concerning the modeling itself and the data used, these invalid assumptions prevent energy-modeling from becoming common planning practice. One step towards a better understanding of the energy system in the presence of uncertainties was the development of the so-called ‘systematic analysis of the future’ and the definition of ‘robust decisions’. These approaches define the range of outcomes given input uncertainties, and help in determining which short-term decisions to be made which are independent of the future development as long as it lies within the defined range.The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the state of the art in handling of uncertainties in energy modeling, followed by the presentation of an extended interactive optimization algorithm, which helps in handling the problems of modeling the multi-staged decision-making process with incomplete foresight.     

一类新型非正规算子的谱分析

本文引入了一类新型非正规算子,即具复谱的u-标算子.证明了该类算子具有Jordan型分解,讨论了u-标算子与标型谱算子的关系,并通过例子说明了该类算子的构造.     

Wave Operators on Quantum Algebras via Noncanonical Quantization

We suggest a method to quantize basic wave operators of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics (Laplace, Maxwell, Dirac ones) without using canonical coordinates. We define two-parameter deformations of the Minkowski space algebra and its 3-dimensional reduction via the so-called Reflection Equation Algebra and its modified version. Wave operators on these algebras are introduced by means of quantized partial derivatives described in two ways. In particular, they are given in so-called pseudospherical form which makes use of a q-deformation of the Lie algebra sl(2) and quantum versions of the Cayley-Hamilton identity.     

Decentralized operation strategies for an integrated building energy system using a memetic algorithm

The emerging technology in net-zero building and smart grids drives research moving from centralized operation decisions on a single building to decentralized decisions on a group of buildings, termed a building cluster which shares energy resources locally and globally. However, current research has focused on developing an accurate simulation of single building energy usage which limits its application to building clusters as scenarios such as energy sharing and competition cannot be modeled and studied. We hypothesize that the study of energy usage for a group of buildings instead of one single building will result in a cost effective building system which in turn will be resilient to power disruption. To this end, this paper develops a decision model based on a building cluster simulator with each building modeled by energy consumption, storage and generation sub modules. Assuming each building is interested in minimizing its energy cost, a bi-level operation decision framework based on a memetic algorithm is proposed to study the tradeoff in energy usage among the group of buildings. Two additional metrics, measuring the comfort level and the degree of dependencies on the power grid are introduced for the analysis. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed framework is capable of deriving the Pareto solutions for the building cluster in a decentralized manner. The Pareto solutions not only enable multiple dimensional tradeoff analysis, but also provide valuable insight for determining pricing mechanisms and power grid capacity.     

Operators which have a closed quasi-nilpotent part

We find several conditions for the quasi-nilpotent part of a bounded operator acting on a Banach space to be closed. Most of these conditions are established for semi-Fredholm operators or, more generally, for operators which admit a generalized Kato decomposition. For these operators the property of having a closed quasi-nilpotent part is related to the so-called single valued extension property.

     

Aggregation functions and generalized convexity in fuzzy optimization and decision making

In this paper triangular norms and conorms are introduced and suitable definitions and properties are mentioned. Then, aggregation functions and their basic properties are defined. The averaging aggregation operators are defined and some interesting properties are derived. Moreover, we have extended concave and quasiconcave functions introducing t-quasiconcave and upper and lower starshaped functions. The main results concerning aggregation of generalized concave functions are presented and some extremal properties of compromise decisions by adopting aggregation operators are derived and discussed.     

An example in the theory of -operators

-operators are a generalization in the context of well-boundedness of normal operators on Hilbert space. It was shown by Doust and Walden that compact -operators have a representation as a conditionally convergent sum reminiscent of the spectral representations for compact normal operators. In this representation, the eigenvalues must be taken in a particular order to ensure convergence of the sum. Here we show that one cannot replace the ordering given by Doust and Walden by the more natural one suggested in their paper.

     

Universal holomorphic and harmonic functions with additional properties

Based on the concept of so-called (total) omnipresence of operators, several results on the generity of (translation-dilation) universal functions are proved. Mainly to have a unified approach to holomorphic and harmonic functions, in the first part operators on spaces of P-holomorphic functions are considered. The second part is devoted to holomorphic functions having lacunary power series structure and to holomorphic functions which are univalent in certain prescribed sets.     

Interpolation operators associated with sub-frame sets

Interpolation operators associated with wavelets sets introduced by Dai and Larson play an important role in their operator algebraic approach to wavelet theory. These operators are also related to the von Neumann subalgebras in the ``local commutant' space, which provides the parametrizations of wavelets. It is a particularly interesting question of how to construct operators which are in the local commutant but not in the commutant. Motivated by some questions about interpolation family and C*-algebras in the local commutant, we investigate the interpolation partial isometry operators induced by sub-frame sets. In particular we introduce the -congruence domain of the associated mapping between two sub-frame sets and use it to characterize these partial isometries in the local commutant. As an application, we obtain that if two wavelet sets have the same -congruence domain, then one is a multiresolution analysis (MRA) wavelet set which implies that the other is also an MRA wavelet set.

     

Absolutely bounded matrices and unconditional convergence

We characterize the so-called absolutely bounded matrices in terms of the (strong) unconditional convergence of their standard decompositions. There is a similar characterization of absolutely compact matrices, and both characterizations are closely related to some natural multiplication operators. Rudiments of the duality theory for the algebra of all absolutely bounded matrices are included.

     

A comparative approach to the economic modelling of a large-scale wave power scheme

Conversion of marine energy sources, including ocean waves and tidal currents, into electricity is a rapidly developing industry. Although many technologies have been proposed and some have generated electricity at full scale, it is difficult to predict which technology will be economic at large scales of installation. Several studies have been conducted which estimate the cost of electricity on the basis of schematic designs. However, each study represents a best estimate of the future cost based on current design details and direct comparison between the results of these studies is not straightforward. A methodology for directly comparing different wave energy concepts and potential locations would be beneficial to aid investment decisions. In this study we describe how the established data envelopment analysis technique could be employed for this purpose. The developed model is employed to rank the efficacy with which several types of conceptual and prototype wave energy conversion technologies generate electricity from the wave energy resource available at UK and US sites.     

Maharam extensions of positive operators and f-modules

The principal result of this paper is the construction of simultaneous extensions of collections of positive linear operators between vector lattices to interval preserving operators (i.e., Maharam operators). This construction is based on some properties of so-called f-modules. The properties and structure of these extension spaces is discussed in some detail.     

Decay estimates for evolution equations with classical and fractional time-derivatives

Using energy methods, we prove some power-law and exponential decay estimates for classical and nonlocal evolutionary equations. The results obtained are framed into a general setting, which comprise, among the others, equations involving both standard and Caputo time-derivative, complex valued magnetic operators, fractional porous media equations and nonlocal Kirchhoff operators.Both local and fractional space diffusion are taken into account, possibly in a nonlinear setting. The different quantitative behaviours, which distinguish polynomial decays from exponential ones, depend heavily on the structure of the time-derivative involved in the equation.     

Order Structures in Banach Spaces of Analytic Functions

In this paper we consider some Banach spaces of analytic functions on the unit disk generated by the cone of analytic functions with monotone decreasing Taylor coefficients. We get that some of these spaces are Banach lattices with respect to this cone. Different ordered spaces of linear bounded operators acting between the previous spaces are also investigated, with emphasis on the so-called regular multipliers and Hankel operators.     

Sewing method for weak solutions of second-order hyperbolic equation with variable domains of discontinuous unbounded operators

We prove the existence and uniqueness of global weak solutions on the entire interval for the Cauchy problem for hyperbolic differential-operator equations with time-discontinuous operators that have variable domains and satisfy certain matching conditions at the points of discontinuity. To this end, we develop a method of successive sewing of existing local weak solutions of Cauchy problems on the smoothness intervals of the operators. The sewing method is based on special energy inequalities, which imply the time continuity of local weak solutions in the main space and of their first derivatives in some negative spaces and hence the existence of the corresponding limit values at the points of discontinuity. These values, with regard for the matching conditions, are taken for the initial data on each successive interval.     

Two classes of operators with irreducibility and the small and compact perturbations of them

This paper gives the concepts of finite dimensional irreducible operators((FDI) operators)and infinite dimensional irreducible operators((IDI) operators). Discusses the relationships of(FDI)operators,(IDI) operators and strongly irreducible operators((SI) operators) and illustrates some properties of the three classes of operators. Some sufficient conditions for the finite-dimensional irreducibility of operators which have the forms of upper triangular operator matrices are given. This paper proves that every operator with a singleton spectrum is a small compact perturbation of an(FDI) operator on separable Banach spaces and shows that every bounded linear operator T can be approximated by operators in(Σ FDI)(X) with respect to the strong-operator topology and every compact operator K can be approximated by operators in(Σ FDI)(X) with respect to the norm topology on a Banach space X with a Schauder basis, where(ΣFDI)(X) := {T∈B(X) : T=Σki=1Ti, Ti ∈(FDI), k ∈ N}.     

Systems of Inclusions Involving Fredholm Operators of Nonnegative Index and Nonconvex-Valued Maps

We study the existence of solutions to a system of two inclusions involving Fredholm operators of nonnegative (Fredholm) index and the so-called c-admissible maps: upper semicontinuous maps with values being continuous images of cell-like sets. The presented approach resembles the substitution technique, i.e. applies the so-called solution map. The appearance of the ‘dimension defect’ reflecting the nonnegativity of Fredholm indices requires the use of algebraic tools based on the cohomotopy theory, different from the usual homological ones present in the fixed point theory. An application to boundary value problems is provided as well as the brief exposition of basic facts from the cohomotopy theory. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 47H04, 47A53, 55M20, 55Q55, 34A60.     

Productive efficiency and energy use: An historical perspective

The paper discusses long-term trends in relationships between energy use and the overall productive efficiency of the American economy. While total energy consumption grew strongly during the twentieth century, the intensity of energy use (i.e. the energy/GNP ratio) fell persistently much of the time. Thus, there were simultaneous long-term improvements in labor productivity, total factor productivity,and energy productivity. The historical record appears to be at odds with conventional beliefs that gains in productive efficiency depend upon the rising intensity of energy use in production processes. A key role in bringing about these counter-intuitive results is assigned to what is referred to as the energy-technology-productivity nexus, in which the quality of particular energy forms such as electricity and liquid fuels (along with closely linked changes in energy-using technologies) played a critical part in leveraging the overall efficiency of production. As a result of these energy form-dependent improvements in productive efficiency, outputs grew more rapidly than all inputs, including the inputs of energy. The more recent past stands in sharp contrast to the long-term record. While energy efficiency (as measured by energy/GNP) showed strong gains during the late 1970's and early 1980's, the growth in overall productive efficiency was severely retarded. Implications for the future of suggested linkages between the quality of particular energy forms and technological progress are considered.     

Improvements in the treatment of stress constraints in structural topology optimization problems

Topology optimization of continuum structures is a relatively new branch of the structural optimization field. Since the basic principles were first proposed by Bendsøe and Kikuchi in 1988, most of the work has been dedicated to the so-called maximum stiffness (or minimum compliance) formulations. However, since a few years different approaches have been proposed in terms of minimum weight with stress (and/or displacement) constraints.These formulations give rise to more complex mathematical programming problems, since a large number of highly non-linear (local) constraints must be taken into account. In an attempt to reduce the computational requirements, in this paper, we propose different alternatives to consider stress constraints and some ideas about the numerical implementation of these algorithms. Finally, we present some application examples.