基于空时联合稀疏重构的红外小弱运动目标检测方法

提出了一种基于空时联合稀疏重构的红外小弱运动目标检测算法。通过学习序列图像内容而构建的空时联合字典能同时刻画目标或背景的形态特征和运动信息;利用多元高斯运动模式从空时联合字典中提取出目标空时字典和背景空时字典,目标空时过完备字典描述移动的目标,背景空时过完备字典表征背景噪声。将连续多帧图像在空时联合字典上进行稀疏分解,然后分别利用目标空时字典和背景空时字典中的最大稀疏系数及其空时原子重构信号,获取重构残余能量差异来区分目标和背景。试验结果表明,由同源的空时字典重构的残余能量小,而由异构的空时字典恢复的残余能量大,该方法不仅能提高序列信号表示的稀疏度,还能有效提高小运动目标的探测能力。     

Algorithms of target detection on hyperspectral imagery

With the development of airborne and spaceborne remote sensing from the 1980s, as a new and growing technology, hyperspectral imaging is widely used in different fields, such as military investigation, battlefield information acquisition, environmental monitoring, mineral exploration and public security. Because of the unique characteristic of acquiring spectral and spatial information simultaneously, it brings the hyperspectral detection advantages when dealing with target detection problem under complex conditions. Target detecting models of hyperspectral image are established, including the target subspace model and the probability statistical model. And several algorithms are introduced, which are based on original spectral features, sub-space projection and probability statistical model separately. Comparison shows that if the background includes fault objectives, GLRT is the best algorithm, and its SINR is the largest; on condition of anomaly target detection, LPTD is the best, and have a quite high SINR.     

字典学习稀疏表示的高光谱图像异常检测

针对稀疏表示高光谱检测算法性能受背景字典影响较大的问题,充分利用高光谱图像空间信息和光谱主成分信息,提出了一种基于字典学习的稀疏表示异常检测算法。首先利用主成分分析提取高光谱数据的主特征,建立目标主成分空间,并证明了在主成分空间进行字典学习稀疏重构的可行性;然后在主成分空间内构造基于K-SVD算法的训练字典,改善了背景字典性能;采用正交匹配算法重构主成分分量,利用主成分分析反变换得到待检测像元重构光谱,增强了高光谱图像的局部异常特性;最后,基于重构误差异常特性实现高光谱图像异常检测。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

一种基于小波分析的小目标检测算法

红外小目标检测技术由于其重要的军事意义成为研究热点。根据目标、噪声和背景边缘在小波域的不同特点,提出一种基于小波分析的红外小目标检测算法。该算法利用小波对奇异信号强有力的分析能力,消除了噪声和背景边缘对小目标检测的干扰,实现目标的检出。仿真实验证明该方法对红外图像中的小目标有比较理想的检测效果。     

基于数学形态学的弱点状运动目标的检测

提出了一种新的基于数学形态学的红外图像序列中弱点状运动目标的非参数检测算法。采用数学形态学抑制背景杂波干扰和增强目标,用沿时间轴投影和二维空域搜索代替复杂的时空三维搜索形成组合帧,然后在每条可能的轨迹上将进行目标能量累加,实现了一种快速检测前跟踪(TBD)检测算法。仿真实验表明:在恒虚警概率条件下,该检测算法能高效地检测信噪比约为2的弱点状运动目标,检测性能对噪声分布不敏感,能精确地得到目标的即时位置和速度信息,适合于实时图像处理和目标探测,具有很高的实用价值。     

The moving target detection algorithm based on the improved visual background extraction

This paper presents a moving target detection algorithm based on the improved visual background extraction. Traditional VIBE (Visual Background Extractor) algorithm is one of the powerful background subtraction algorithm. It can quickly, accurately and integrally detect moving target. However, sometimes it will falsely determine background as foreground and impact detection results. In this paper, we improve the traditional VIBE algorithm by joining TOM (Time of map) mechanism in the process of detection, so it can not only use the pixel’s spatial domain information, but also make full use of the pixel’s time domain information. Experiments detailed in this paper show the algorithm presented in this paper has better detection effect than the traditional VIBE algorithm.     

基于FPGA的运动目标实时检测跟踪算法及其实现技术

运动目标检测跟踪有关的算法及其基于PC平台的实现已经比较成熟,但实时性较差。将采集的彩色视频流分成灰度和彩色两个数据流,灰度视频用于目标检测,彩色视频流用于跟踪显示。以经典的帧间差分法和背景差分法为基础,根据现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的特点及片外同步动态存储器的存取控制要求,对这两个算法用FPGA逻辑单元进行了设计和实现。对原始彩色视频流和转换后的灰度视频流的存取使用乒乓操作,在滤波和形态学处理时使用了并行的流水线操作,极大地提高了算法的实时处理能力。在FPGA开发板上构建了一个彩色视频图像中运动目标检测跟踪系统,对系统性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,系统可在多种分辨率和帧率下进行运动目标进行实时检测跟踪;固定背景差分法对目标运动速度无限制,但当使用帧差法对快速运动目标进行有效的检测时,应使目标的帧差间距大于3.2像素。     

基于分形特征的复杂背景下扩展目标检测

将分形面积度量和分形拟合误差相结合,提出一种复杂背景下扩展目标检测方法。运用分形面积度量进行目标和背景的边缘检测,并结合扩展目标特性确定目标所在区域范围,实现初检。计算原始图像各像素分形拟合误差特征,并运用概率松弛迭代法进行分形特征增强,利用增强特征进一步抑制初检结果中的自然背景。最后运用数学形态学操作剔除背景粘连,实现扩展目标精确检测。实验结果表明:该方法能够有效、可靠地检测复杂背景下的扩展目标,并能较好保持目标的外形轮廓。     

利用黑洞原理改进稀疏外观模型跟踪算法

为了解决跟踪漂移问题,提出了一种利用黑洞原理改进的稀疏外观模型目标跟踪算法,用来提高目标跟踪的鲁棒性。利用黑洞原理从目标模板中搜索聚类中心来降低目标模板数量。通过学习分类器用于构造目标特征;用黑洞原理获取模板字典表示目标;采用高斯分布运动模型获取目标样本,在贝叶斯框架下根据观测模型获取最优目标位置实现跟踪。不同视频序列被用于改进的稀疏外观模型跟踪算法和其他先进目标跟踪算法进行仿真实验。实验结果表明,实现了目标跟踪的目的,有效地降低了目标局部遮挡问题的影响,提高了目标跟踪精度。     

基于分形特征的复杂背景下扩展目标检测

 将分形面积度量和分形拟合误差相结合,提出一种复杂背景下扩展目标检测方法。运用分形面积度量进行目标和背景的边缘检测,并结合扩展目标特性确定目标所在区域范围,实现初检。计算原始图像各像素分形拟合误差特征,并运用概率松弛迭代法进行分形特征增强,利用增强特征进一步抑制初检结果中的自然背景。最后运用数学形态学操作剔除背景粘连,实现扩展目标精确检测。实验结果表明:该方法能够有效、可靠地检测复杂背景下的扩展目标,并能较好保持目标的外形轮廓。     

基于阈值判断的CamShift目标跟踪算法

针对CamShift算法只利用目标的颜色信息,在跟踪过程中,易受目标相似物、遮挡以及光照等复杂背景影响导致目标搜索窗口发散,跟踪稳定性能降低,提出了一种基于阈值判断的目标跟踪方法。该方法将OTSU法和Snake模型结合,利用OTSU法以最佳阈值对图像进行分割,分离前景区域和背景区域,初步提取目标轮廓作为Snake模型的初始轮廓,经收敛得到目标的精准轮廓,利用轮廓外接最小矩形框内的像素计算目标质心,判断与CamShift算法中目标搜索窗口质心之间的欧式距离,如果未超出阈值,则直接使用CamShift算法跟踪目标,反之,则将计算出的目标质心作为CamShift算法中当前帧目标搜索窗口的质心跟踪目标。实验结果表明,该算法跟踪目标具有较好的实时性,跟踪性能稳定、可靠。     

粒子区别性稀疏表征的小弱运动目标跟踪算法

评估每个粒子的重要性是确保粒子滤波法跟踪目标准确性的重要因素。针对背景杂波和噪声干扰形成的大量虚警导致小弱目标跟踪识别的随机性和不确定性问题, 提出了一种基于粒子区别性稀疏表征的小弱目标跟踪方法。该方法根据红外图像信号自适应构建分类超完备字典, 即反映目标信号特征的目标字典和表示背景杂波的背景字典, 有利于突出目标粒子和背景粒子在联合分类字典的稀疏表征差异程度;建立基于目标粒子和背景粒子稀疏重构残差差异性的粒子滤波观测模型, 采用随机估计法对字典子空间进行在线更新, 实现对目标状态估计与跟踪。理论分析和试验结果表明, 该方法增强了随机粒子的状态估计能力, 提升了粒子稀疏表征对小弱运动目标的适应能力和跟踪识别准确度。     

基于IECM特征匹配的红外弱点目标快速检测算法

提出了一种新的复杂背景下低信噪比红外弱点目标检测算法。根据红外弱点目标在图像中的三维空间特征,从空间认知的角度出发,将三维的灰度分布特征转化为二维的等高线曲线特征,建立红外图像的等高线图(IECM)描述,利用图论中的树结构(等高线树)形式化地表达等高线的空间关系,在此基础上,给出弱点目标检测的等高线树检测准则,同时给出了等高线划分等级的选择方法。理论分析与实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的检测性能,且结构简单,利于硬件实时实现。在信噪比为1.4的情况下,对红外图像序列的检测概率为96.3%。     

Infrared small moving target detection using sparse representation-based image decomposition

Infrared small moving target detection is one of the crucial techniques in infrared search and tracking systems. This paper presents a novel small moving target detection method for infrared image sequence with complicated background. The key points are given as follows: (1) since target detection mainly depends on the incoherence between target and background, the proposed method separate the target from the background according to the morphological feature diversity between target and background; (2) considering the continuity of target motion in time domain, the target trajectory is extracted by the RX filter in random projection. The experiments on various clutter background sequences have validated the detection capability of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can robustly provide a higher detection probability and a lower false alarm rate than baseline methods.     

基于位的超光谱遥感图像无损压缩算法

图像压缩是超光谱遥感技术中急需解决的一个问题。分析了像素的高位与低位的相关性 ,提出了对字位进行运算的无损压缩算法。结果表明 ,本算法的压缩比与目前一些无损压缩比基本一致 (1 6～ 2 4) ,但这种算法运算简单 ,在去相关过程中 ,每位只进行一次运算 ,而且均为二进制运算 ,易于硬件电路的实现和进行实时压缩。所述思想为超光谱图像压缩提出了一条新思路     

An infrared small target detection algorithm based on high-speed local contrast method

Small-target detection in infrared imagery with a complex background is always an important task in remote sensing fields. It is important to improve the detection capabilities such as detection rate, false alarm rate, and speed. However, current algorithms usually improve one or two of the detection capabilities while sacrificing the other. In this letter, an Infrared (IR) small target detection algorithm with two layers inspired by Human Visual System (HVS) is proposed to balance those detection capabilities. The first layer uses high speed simplified local contrast method to select significant information. And the second layer uses machine learning classifier to separate targets from background clutters. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm pursue good performance in detection rate, false alarm rate and speed simultaneously.     

Dim moving target tracking algorithm based on particle discriminative sparse representation

The small dim moving target usually submerged in strong noise, and its motion observability is debased by numerous false alarms for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A target tracking algorithm based on particle filter and discriminative sparse representation is proposed in this paper to cope with the uncertainty of dim moving target tracking. The weight of every particle is the crucial factor to ensuring the accuracy of dim target tracking for particle filter (PF) that can achieve excellent performance even under the situation of non-linear and non-Gaussian motion. In discriminative over-complete dictionary constructed according to image sequence, the target dictionary describes target signal and the background dictionary embeds background clutter. The difference between target particle and background particle is enhanced to a great extent, and the weight of every particle is then measured by means of the residual after reconstruction using the prescribed number of target atoms and their corresponding coefficients. The movement state of dim moving target is then estimated and finally tracked by these weighted particles. Meanwhile, the subspace of over-complete dictionary is updated online by the stochastic estimation algorithm. Some experiments are induced and the experimental results show the proposed algorithm could improve the performance of moving target tracking by enhancing the consistency between the posteriori probability distribution and the moving target state.     

基于红外偏振特性的空间目标探测可行性探讨

红外偏振特性及其变化规律能够表征空间目标的表面信息与状态信息。结合当前偏振探测的最新进展,分析了基于红外偏振特性对空间目标进行探测的思路与可行性。由于空间目标偏振特性会随空间目标特定的材料以及运动轨道不同而存在差异,因此红外偏振探测技术可以为空间目标的探测和识别提供更多的依据。通过对空间目标常用的不同材料、同一材料不同表面状态以及在不同观测角下偏振特性的分析,得出光滑钢板红外平均偏振度是粗糙钢板的1.3倍左右。     

基于光谱角累加的高光谱图像异常检测算法

针对传统方法中用作背景的像素中存在干扰像素的问题,提出一种基于光谱角累加的高光谱图像异常检测算法。通过计算测试区域待测像素光谱向量与其他光谱向量之间的夹角,并将其累加,得到图像中每个像素的异常程度;然后使用波段选择预处理方法进一步提高检测性能。HyMap高光谱数据验证表明,在虚警概率设为0.008时,检测概率达到0.73,即在提高异常检测可靠度的同时,降低了虚警概率。     

改进的K均值聚类红外目标检测方法

利用图像方差能很好地反映目标边缘信息的特点,提出一种基于方差的K均值聚类红外目标检测算法。利用形态学方法对红外图像进行预处理,运用相应的模板计算得到红外图像的方差图像,利用K均值聚类算法对方差图像进行聚类,从而分离出目标类别和背景类别。实验表明,该算法提取的红外图像中目标信息的兰德指数最高,说明该算法能有效地提取红外图像中目标信息,从而达到目标检测的目的。