The loop product for 3-manifolds

Let M be a connected, closed, oriented and smooth manifold of dimension d. Let LM be the space of loops in M. Chas and Sullivan introduced the loop product, an associative product of degree ?d on the homology of LM. In this Note we aim at identifying 3-manifolds with “non-trivial” loop products. To cite this article: H. Abbaspour, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004).     

A homotopy theoretic realization of string topology

Let M be a closed, oriented manifold of dimension d. Let LM be the space of smooth loops in M. In [2] Chas and Sullivan defined a product on the homology H _* (LM) of degree -d. They then investigated other structure that this product induces, including a Batalin -Vilkovisky structure, and a Lie algebra structure on the S¹ equivariant homology H _* ^{S 1} (LM). These algebraic structures, as well as others, came under the general heading of the ”string topology” of M. In this paper we will describe a realization of the Chas-Sullivan loop product in terms of a ring spectrum structure on the Thom spectrum of a certain virtual bundle over the loop space. We also show that an operad action on the homology of the loop space discovered by Voronov has a homotopy theoretic realization on the level of Thom spectra. This is the ” cactus operad” defined in [6] which is equivalent to operad of framed disks in . This operad action realizes the Chas - Sullivan BV structure on H _* (LM). We then describe a cosimplicial model of this ring spectrum, and by applying the singular cochain functor to this cosimplicial spectrum we show that this ring structure can be interpreted as the cup product in the Hochschild cohomology, HH ^* (C ^* (M); C ^* (M)). Received: 31 July 2001 / Revised version: 11 September 2001 Published online: 5 September 2002     

On the Hahn--Mazurkiewicz theorem

The following generalization of the Hahn-Mazurkiewicz theorem is proved: Let (E,e) be a locally compact locally connected metric space. Let M be a continuum in this space and let d,e∈ M. Then there is a continuous mapping f: [0,1]→E such that f(0) = d, f(1)= e and M⊂f([0,1]). Also some corollaries of this theorem are proved.     

Hodge theorem for the natural projection of complex horizontal Laplacian on complex Finsler manifolds

Let M be a compact complex manifold with a complex Finsler metric F. We define a natural projection of complex horizontal Laplacian on M: it is independent of the fiber coordinate. By using Sobolev space theory and spectral resolution theory in Hilbert space, we prove the Hodge theorem for the natural projection of complex horizontal Laplacian on M.     

On the space of measurable functions and its topology determined by the Choquet integral

Let (X,A,μ) be a finite nonadditive measure space and M be the set of all finite measurable functions on X. The topology on M, which is determined by the Choquet integral with respect to μ, is investigated. The relationship between this topology and the one determined by the Sugeno integral is examined. Some interesting examples are included.     

Positively oriented ideal triangulations on hyperbolic three-manifolds

Let M³ be a non-compact hyperbolic 3-manifold that has a triangulation by positively oriented ideal tetrahedra. We show that the gluing variety defined by the gluing consistency equations is a smooth complex manifold with dimension equal to the number of boundary components of M³. Moreover, we show that the complex lengths of any collection of non-trivial boundary curves, one from each boundary component, give a local holomorphic parameterization of the gluing variety. As an application, some estimates for the size of hyperbolic Dehn surgery space of once-punctured torus bundles are given.     

Loop coproducts in string topology and triviality of higher genus TQFT operations

Cohen and Godin constructed a positive boundary topological quantum field theory (TQFT) structure on the homology of free loop spaces of oriented closed smooth manifolds by associating certain operations called string operations to orientable surfaces with parametrized boundaries. We show that all TQFT string operations associated to surfaces of genus at least one vanish identically. This is a simple consequence of properties of the loop coproduct which will be discussed in detail. One interesting property is that the loop coproduct is nontrivial only on the degree d homology group of the connected component of LM consisting of contractible loops, where d=dimM, with values in the degree 0 homology group of constant loops. Thus the loop coproduct behaves in a dramatically simpler way than the loop product.     

On Prebox Module Topologies

Let R be a complete topological division ring whose topology is determined by a real-valued valuation, and let M be a vector space over R. It is proved that M admits a Hausdorff module topology preceding the box topology in the lattice of all module topologies if and only if the dimension of the vector space M over R is a measurable cardinal.     

An abstract Radon-Nikodym theorem

In this paper we obtain a Radon-Nikodym theorem for positive linear functionals on a B¹-algebra M. Some corollaries analogous to those obtained in the classical case are also obtained here. It is known that if X is a Banach space, then the space $\text{L}{}_1\text{(Ω, X)}$ of Bochner integrable functions on a probability space Ω with values in X is the completion (in a suitable topology) of the tensor product $\text{L}{}_1\text{(Ω) ? X}$. Using our theorem, it is possible to extend this result for certain linear mappings from M ? X to X.     

Beale-Kato-Majda type condition for Burgers equation

We consider a multidimensional Burgers equation on the torus Td and the whole space Rd. We show that, in case of the torus, there exists a unique global solution in Lebesgue spaces. For a torus we also provide estimates on the large time behaviour of solutions. In the case of Rd we establish the existence of a unique global solution if a Beale-Kato-Majda type condition is satisfied. To prove these results we use the probabilistic arguments which seem to be new.     

Weak shadowing for discrete dynamical systems on nonsmooth manifolds

In J. Math. Anal. Appl. 189 (1995) 409-423, Corless and Pilyugin proved that weak shadowing is a C⁰ generic property in the space of discrete dynamical systems on a compact smooth manifold M. In our paper we give another proof of this theorem which does not assume that M has a differential structure. Moreover, our method also works for systems on some compact metric spaces that are not manifolds, such as a Hilbert cube (or generally, a countably infinite Cartesian product of manifolds with boundary) and a Cantor set.     

Deformation of CR-manifolds,minimal points and CR-manifolds with the microlocal analytic extension property

LetM be a smooth CR-manifold embedded into ? ⁿ . Letp be a point inM and letC be a small truncated cone inM (in suitable Euclidean coordinates onM) with vertexp which “symmetry axis” is a real vector in the complex tangent space. Then one can deformM into a smooth CR-manifoldM _d letting fixed all points outsideC in such a way thatp is a minimal point ofM _d . This result is used to give a new proof of the fact that wedge extendability of continuous CR-functions propagates along the CR-orbits of a CR-manifold. It allows also to prove the following natural result which was conjectured by Trepreau. LetM be a smooth generic CR-manifold in ? ⁿ . SupposeM consists of one single CR-orbit. Then each continuous CR-function onM is wedge extendable at any point ofM. Uniqueness theorems for continuous CR-functions are derived.     

On the geometry of spaces of oriented geodesics

Let M be either a simply connected pseudo-Riemannian space of constant curvature or a rank one Riemannian symmetric space, and consider the space L(M) of oriented geodesics of M. The space L(M) is a smooth homogeneous manifold and in this paper we describe all invariant symplectic structures, (para)complex structures, pseudo-Riemannian metrics and (para)Kähler structure on L(M).     

Generalized Dirichlet to Neumann operator on invariant differential forms and equivariant cohomology

In recent work, Belishev and Sharafutdinov show that the generalized Dirichlet to Neumann (DN) operator Λ on a compact Riemannian manifold M with boundary ∂M determines de Rham cohomology groups of M. In this paper, we suppose G is a torus acting by isometries on M. Given X in the Lie algebra of G and the corresponding vector field XM on M, Witten defines an inhomogeneous coboundary operator dXM=d+ιXM on invariant forms on M. The main purpose is to adapt Belishev-Sharafutdinov?s boundary data to invariant forms in terms of the operator dXM in order to investigate to what extent the equivariant topology of a manifold is determined by the corresponding variant of the DN map. We define an operator ΛXM on invariant forms on the boundary which we call the XM-DN map and using this we recover the XM-cohomology groups from the generalized boundary data (∂M,ΛXM). This shows that for a Zariski-open subset of the Lie algebra, ΛXM determines the free part of the relative and absolute equivariant cohomology groups of M. In addition, we partially determine the ring structure of XM-cohomology groups from ΛXM. These results explain to what extent the equivariant topology of the manifold in question is determined by ΛXM.     

On the structure of conformally compact Einstein metrics

Let M be an (n + 1)-dimensional manifold with non-empty boundary, satisfying π ₁(M, ? M) = 0. The main result of this paper is that the space of conformally compact Einstein metrics on M is a smooth, infinite dimensional Banach manifold, provided it is non-empty. We also prove full boundary regularity for such metrics in dimension 4 and a local existence and uniqueness theorem for such metrics with prescribed metric and stress–energy tensor at conformal infinity, again in dimension 4. This result also holds for Lorentzian–Einstein metrics with a positive cosmological constant.     

Central limit theorems for random polytopes in a smooth convex set

Let K be a smooth convex set with volume one in Rd. Choose n random points in K independently according to the uniform distribution. The convex hull of these points, denoted by Kn, is called a random polytope. We prove that several key functionals of Kn satisfy the central limit theorem as n tends to infinity.     

A characterization of submanifolds by a homogeneity condition

A very short proof of the following smooth homogeneity theorem of D. Repovs, E.V. Shchepin and the author is presented. Let N be a locally compact subset of a smooth manifold M. Assume that for each two points x,y∈N there exists a diffeomorphism such that h(x)=y and h(N)=N. Then N is a smooth submanifold of M.     

The Bakry–Emery Ricci tensor and its applications to some compactness theorems

Let (M, g) be a complete and connected Riemannian manifold of dimension n. By using the Bakry–Emery Ricci curvature tensor on M, we prove two theorems which correspond to the Myers compactness theorem.     

Short Geodesic Segments between Two Points on a Closed Riemannian Manifold

Let M ⁿ be a closed Riemannian manifold homotopy equivalent to the product of S ² and an arbitrary (n–2)-dimensional manifold. In this paper we prove that given an arbitrary pair of points on M ⁿ there exist at least k distinct geodesics of length at most 20k!d between these points for every positive integer k. Here d denotes the diameter of M ⁿ .