磷酸基多孔芳香骨架材料用于提取铀离子

采用联苯为建筑基元，合成了价格低廉、操作简便、易于工业化的多孔芳香骨架材料PAF-45.通过后修饰方法，制备了带有磷酸基团的多孔芳香材料（PAF-45-PG）.通过FTIR（傅里叶变换红外光谱），TGA（热重分析），PXRD（多晶粉末X射线衍射），SEM（扫描电子显微镜），TEM（透射电子显微镜）以及N₂吸附实验，对PAF-45-PG的结构及孔道性质进行了系统的表征.由于骨架中引入了磷酸基团，PAF-45-PG具有优良的铀离子吸附性能，在pH=6的条件下可以达到100 mg·g^-1.另外，该材料成本低廉，具有可观的工业化前景，为多孔材料在能源方面的应用提供了广阔前景.     

以芘-炔为基块的共价有机骨架材料的设计合成与表征

以四边形基块1,3,6,8-四炔芘和二结点连接体9,10-二溴蒽通过Sonogashira-Hagihara偶联反应构建了一种多孔芳香有机骨架材料PAF-27. 差热重分析结果表明该材料具有一定的热稳定性,在空气中可以稳定到320 ℃,另外,它在一些常见的有机溶剂中能稳定存在,证明了该材料具有一定的化学稳定性. N₂吸附结果表明,该材料的比表面积为560 m²/g,平均孔径约为0.63 nm. 由于该材料骨架结构中含有丰富的苯环和炔这样的基团,加上材料本身较大的比表面积和较窄的孔径分布,将在气体的选择分离方面有潜在的应用前景.     

多级孔芳香骨架材料的合成及固载硫脲催化剂的研究

合成了一种多级孔芳香骨架材料(PAF-70); 使用由氨基修饰过的单体, 应用该合成策略得到了同样具有窄分布介孔的含有氨基活性位点的PAF材料, 并通过硫脲单体与其氨基活性位点的反应, 将硫脲基团引入PAF-70材料中, 获得了含有硫脲催化位点的材料(PAF-70-thiourea). 氮气吸附-脱附测试结果显示, PAF-70存在孔径分布较窄的介孔, 介孔孔径为3.8 nm, 与模拟计算值(约3.7 nm)吻合. 热重分析结果表明, PAF-70具有很高的热稳定性. PAF-70在大多数溶剂中可以稳定存在, 具有良好的化学稳定性. 将PAF-70-thiourea作为催化剂, 应用在N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)氧化醇类的反应中, 其表现出较高的催化活性、 较高的稳定性和广泛的底物适用性. 与含有相同硫脲催化位点的金属有机框架(MOF)材料(IRMOF-3-thiourea)作为催化剂对比, 进一步证实PAFs材料非常适合作为催化有机反应的固载平台.     

定向合成高效捕获CO2的新型多孔芳香材料

通过简单的离子热法,以四（4-氰基联苯基）硅烷作为四面体基块,将其与无水氯化锌在充满氩气气氛的手套箱中充分研磨后密封,分别以400和550 ℃的反应温度合成了新型多孔芳香骨架材料（PAF-51）,得到PAF-51-1（400 ℃条件下）与PAF-51-2（550 ℃条件下）的比表面积分别为720和557 m²·g^-1 （BET）.与CH₄和N₂对比,该材料对CO₂具有极好的选择性吸附能力. 273 K条件下,CO₂/N₂分离指数最高可达52.2,CO₂/CH₄分离指数也达到10.3,这一性质极有可能使得PAF-51成为捕获CO₂理想材料,并对再生能源具有潜在的应用.     

多孔芳香骨架吸附剂-固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定辣椒粉中4种偶氮类染料

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时测定辣椒粉中对位红、酸性橙Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅰ和苏丹红Ⅱ 4种偶氮染料的方法。以多孔芳香骨架-6（PAF-6）材料作为固相萃取吸附剂，考察并获得了影响自制固相萃取柱的萃取效率和吸附容量等主要因素。在优化条件下，4种目标分析物的检出限（LOD）为1.5~7.0 μg/L（信噪比S/N=3），定量限（LOQ）为5.0~22.1 μg/L（S/N=10），加标回收率为76.5%~89.8%，相对标准偏差（RSD）均不大于5.3%（n=6）。此外，基于量子化学计算，考察了PAF-6与目标分析物之间的相互作用机制，结果表明，目标分析物可以稳定地吸附在PAF-6分子上。该方法准确可靠，具有良好的回收率和较高的灵敏度，可用于辣椒粉中4种偶氮类染料的检测。     

多孔有机骨架:基于傅氏烷基化反应的合成与气体吸附性质

通过傅氏烷基化反应成功地合成了基于四苯锗烷构筑单元的多孔有机骨架材料PAF-9。用红外光谱,粉末X射线衍射,固体核磁共振,热重分析和低温氮气吸附-脱附表征了PAF-9材料的微结构与孔道性质。表征数据表明PAF-9具有非常高的热稳定性和化学稳定性,同时具有较高的比表面积。该PAF材料的BET比表面积为334 m²·g^-1。此外,得到的PAF材料对二氧化碳具有较好的吸附能力。     

多孔有机骨架:基于傅氏烷基化反应的合成与气体吸附性质

通过傅氏烷基化反应成功地合成了基于四苯锗烷构筑单元的多孔有机骨架材料PAF-9。用红外光谱,粉末射X线衍射,固体核磁共振,热重分析和低温氮气吸附-脱附表征了PAF-9材料的微结构与孔道性质。表征数据表明PAF-9具有非常高的热稳定性和化学稳定性,同时具有较高的比表面积。该PAF材料的BET比表面积为334m²·g^-1。此外,得到的PAF材料对二氧化碳具有较好的吸附能力。     

三氮唑修饰ZIF-67材料的制备及其对碘的捕获研究

采用2-甲基咪唑为主配体、1,2,4-三氮唑(3NIM)为修饰配体,与钴离子反应制备三氮唑修饰ZIF-67材料,通过配体修饰调节其表面形貌,得到了一种具有与ZIF-67相同晶体结构的金属-有机骨架材料ZIF-67 (3NIM)。红外光谱结果显示三氮唑配体进入ZIF-67的骨架中;热重分析表明,该材料具有良好的热稳定性;场发射扫描电镜结果表明,其粒径较3NIM修饰前增大,但随着修饰配体浓度的升高团簇现象变得更为严重。将ZIF-67 (3NIM)材料应用于碘单质的气相和液相吸附中,在75℃下对碘蒸气的吸附量可达到6.66g/g,较未修饰的ZIF-67 (碘吸附量5.16g/g)提高了29%;在环己烷溶液中的碘去除率也有显著提高,去除率最高可达97.5%。结果表明,氨基配体修饰的ZIF-67系列材料有望用于放射性碘的高效去除。     

新型掺杂多孔芳香骨架材料的储氢性能模拟

基于PAF-301分子模型通过Li掺杂或B取代等模式设计了几种新型多孔芳香骨架(PAFs)材料,采用量子力学和分子力学方法对新材料的储氢性能进行研究.由量子力学计算得到了不同分子片段与H2之间的结合能,并结合DDEC方法计算了各分子片段的原子电荷分布.利用巨正则蒙特卡洛(GCMC)模拟方法计算了77和298 K下H2在不同PAFs材料中的吸附平衡性质.结果表明,H2直接与苯环的结合能较低,但掺杂Li原子能够提高H2与六元环的结合能,同时Li原子体现出较高的正电性质,B原子取代苯环中的两个C原子后,使得原有C原子电负性增强;77 K下PAF-301Li具有最高的储氢性能,而PAF-C4B2H4-Li2-Si和PAF-C4B2H4-Li2-Ge体现出较好的常温储氢性能,各种材料的常温储氢性能远低于其低温储氢性能.通过77 K下H2在PAFs材料中的等位能面分布和吸附平衡质心密度分布对H2在PAFs材料中的优先吸附位置进行分析,发现在PAF-301和PAF-301Li骨架中,由于中心能量较低的等位能区域范围较宽,H2在其中存在四个明显的吸附高密度分布区域,而其它三种PAFs晶胞中心能量较低的等位能区域范围较窄,使得H2在其中只存在两个明显的吸附高密度分布区域.     

新型锗中心多孔芳香材料的设计合成和表征

采用四(4-溴苯基)锗烷作为基块, 以1,4-苯二硼酸和4,4'-联苯基二硼酸作为桥联, 合成了两种锗中心的多孔芳香材料(Ge-PAFs). 通过FTIR, MAS NMR, TGA, PXRD, SEM, TEM及N2吸附对该化合物的结构及性质进行表征. Ge-PAF-1和Ge-PAF-2具有优良的热稳定性(420 ℃失重5%)及化学稳定性. 另外, 该材料成功地在聚合物中引入锗元素为其在半导体等方面的应用提供了可能^[1].     

丙烯酸酯无皂乳液稳定性研究

研究了亲水性单体ＡＡ和引发剂Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８用量对三元共聚物（ＭＭＡ／ＢＡ／ＡＡ）无皂乳液（ｐＨ＝８）的电解质稳定性、冻融稳定性和机械稳定性的影响。当乳液电解质稳定性最好时存在ＡＡ和Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８用量最佳值,而乳液的机械稳定性则随ＡＡ和Ｋ２Ｓ２Ｏ８用量增大而迅速提高。乳液中加入丙酮可以改善其稳定性。     

A convenient tool for studying the stability of proteins and nucleic acids

The aim of this work is to discuss the thermodynamic properties, obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), of the thermal transition of proteins and nucleic acids and to analyze these data using statistical thermodynamic relations. The denaturation of the ordered, specific structures of biological macromolecules is a cooperative process and in many cases the macromolecules undergo a two-state transition. Differential scanning calorimetry, giving direct thermodynamic information, has proved to be very useful in clarifying the energetics of macromolecule transitions and in characterizing their thermal stability. Here, various examples are discussed: i) the equilibrium thermal denaturation of ribonuclease A, a model for the use of DSC by following the temperature-unfolding of the proteins, a monomolecular transition; ii) the equilibrium thermal dissociation of a DNA double helix in two strands, an example of how DSC is used to follow a bimolecular process; iii) an example of the use of DSC for studying the melting of unimolecular and tetramolecular DNA quadruple-helices.     

Phase‐Stable CsPbI3 Nanocrystals: The Reaction Temperature Matters

High temperature colloidal synthesis for obtaining thermal, colloidal and phase‐stable CsPbI₃ nanocrystals with near‐unity quantum yield is reported. While standard perovskite synthesis reactions were carried out at 160 °C (below 200 °C), increase of another ≈100 °C enabled the alkylammonium ions to passivate the surface firmly and prevented the nanocrystals from phase transformation. This did not require any inert atmosphere storage, use of heteroatoms, specially designed ligands, or the ice cooling protocol. Either at high temperature in reaction flask or in the crude mixture or purified dispersed solution; these nanocrystals were observed stable and retained the original emission. Different spectroscopic analyses were carried out and details of the surface binding of alkyl ammonium ligands in place of surface Cs in the crystal lattice were investigated. As CsPbI₃ is one of the most demanding optical materials, bringing stability by proper surface functionalization without use of secondary additives would indeed help in wide spreading of their applications.     

The effect of the hydration degree on the hydrothermal and thermo-oxidative stability of some collageneous matrices

The methods of the thermal analysis (TG, DTG and DTA) were used in order to investigate the effect of the hydration degree on the thermal behaviour of some collageneous matrices. It was pointed out that the degradation of hydrated collagen in the temperature range 20-400°C occurs through two successive processes accompanied by mass losses. The first process, consisting in the collagen dehydration, is endothermic and takes place in the temperature range ≈25 - ≈125°C. The second process is exothermic and consists in the decomposition and/or thermo-oxidation of dry collagen. The thermal parameters of both processes depend on the hydration degree of collagen. The observed dependencies show that the hydrothermal and thermo-oxidative stability of collagen are strongly correlated with its water content. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的环境稳定性研究进展

结合本研究室的最新研究成果,综述了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的环境稳定性的影响因素及研究进展,包括:磁体的温度稳定性、高温及电化学稳定性、时间稳定性和力学稳定性等,阐明改善磁体环境稳定性的重要性和迫切性。还对磁体服役过程的长时间稳定性与其他环境稳定性之间相互关系进行了探讨,通过对服役环境的分析,提出当前研究中存在的主要问题,并展望其未来的潜在的发展趋势。     

Excellent blue fluorescent trispirobifluorenes: synthesis, optical properties and thermal behaviors

Tetraiodotrispirobifluorene (1) was synthesized through cyclization of 2,7-diiodofluorene with pentaerythrityl tetrabromide under base condition. Subsequent treatment of 1 with arylboronic acid or arylacetylene under Pd-catalyzed coupling condition led to corresponding tetraaryl trispirobifluorenes (3–8). These trispirobifluorene derivatives exhibited bright-violet to blue photoluminescence (PL) with excellent quantum efficiencies and showed high thermal stabilities. ‘Green-emission tail’ could not be detected for those tetraaryl substituted trispirobifluorenes (3–8) annealed both in N₂ and in air.     

The lateral electric force on an off-axis sphere in a circular cylinder

The electrophoretic velocity of a sphere within a liquid-filled circular cylinder in a direction parallel to the cylinder axis has been studied by Yariv and Brenner (Phys. Fluids 2002, 14, 3354–3357; SIAM J. Appl. Math. 2003, 64, 423–441). We use their analyses of the electric field in order to determine the electrical force on the sphere along the cylinder radius (i.e., perpendicular to its axis) when either the radius of the sphere is small compared to that of the cylinder, or when the radius of the sphere is only slightly smaller than that of the cylinder. In both cases the force acts towards the centreline of the cylinder, and hence this force tends to stabilize electrophoresis of the sphere along the cylinder axis.     

SAPO－34分子筛的热稳定性及水热稳定性

利用高温Ｘ射线衍射技术，结合差热分析，对ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛烧除模板剂及随后吸附－脱附水的过程进行了研究．发现模板剂烧除的强放热效应不会导致分子筛骨架结构的破坏，活化后的分子筛中吸附－脱附水，其Ｘ射线衍射强度可逆地减弱与恢复．高温（８００℃）长时间焙烧及水蒸气处理考察结果表明，ＳＡＰＯ－３４分子筛具有优异的热稳定性和良好的水热稳定性．８００℃条件下连续焙烧３００ｈ，ＳＡＰＯ－３４的结晶度仍大于８０％，但同温度下长时间水热处理将导致ＳＡＰＯ－３４向无定形转变，并伴有硅原子向晶体表面迁移     

Fluorene-bridged polyphenylquinoxalines with high solubility and good thermal stability: Synthesis and properties

<正>A novel fluorene-bridged tetraketone monomer,9,9-bis[(4-benzilyloxy)phenyl]fluorene(FLTK) was synthesized and characterized.The tetraketone was polymerized with various aromatic tetraamines to afford a series of polyphenylquinoxalines(PPQs).The obtained polymers were found to be soluble in common organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP),chloroform and m-cresol.Flexible and tough PPQ films obtained by spin-casting their NMP solutions exhibited tensile strengths higher than 60 MPa.The films also demonstrated good thermal stability up to 500℃in nitrogen and glass transition temperatures higher than 280℃.In addition,the PPQ films exhibited good hydrolytic stability. High surface and volume resistivity retentions were achieved for the films after immersion or boiling in water for 24 h.     

Thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of the alkali-treated HZSM-5 zeolites

HZSM-5 zeolites with the micro-mesopore hierarchical porosity have been prepared by the post-synthesis of alkali-treatment, and their thermal and hydrothermal stabilities were studied using DTA, XRD, and NH3-TPD characterization techniques. Compared to the unmodified zeolite, the thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of the alkali-treated ZSM-5 zeolites were slightly deteriorated because of the introduction of mesopores caused by the desilication. Nevertheless, the alkali-treated zeolite framework could be maintained until the temperature increased to 1175 ℃.