甲基氯硅烷初产品的组成分析

以气相色谱和色谱-质谱联用技术分析了甲基氯硅烷初产品的组成,对于其中的2-甲基-2-丁烯与甲基二氯硅烷的色谱重叠峰,采用醇解反应处理,并以样品中不会醇解的四甲基硅烷做参照来计算其含量。     

合成三氯氢硅中聚氯硅烷与甲基氯硅烷形态分析

聚氯硅烷和甲基氯硅烷是合成三氯氢硅中的两类重要化合物。目前对这两类化合物的研究仅限于理论方面,通过实验数据进行的研究较少。采用气相色谱质谱联用技术对三氯氢硅合成中的聚氯硅烷形态进行了解析,确认六氯二硅烷是主要聚氯硅烷,其次是六氯二硅氧烷和五氯二硅烷;通过间接测试的方法实现了甲基氯硅烷与三氯氢硅、四氯化硅在HP-5ms色谱柱上的完全分离;并对合成氯硅烷中甲基氯硅烷的形态进行了分析和确认,其主要甲基氯硅烷有甲基二氯硅烷、二甲基氯硅烷、甲基三氯硅烷。     

合成三氯甲硅烷中多氯硅烷与甲基氯硅烷的形态分析

合成三氯甲硅烷中常含有多氯硅烷类和甲基氯硅烷类物质。目前对它们的研究仅限于理论方面,而实验研究较少。本文采用气相色谱质谱联用技术对合成的三氯甲硅烷中含有的多氯硅烷进行了解析,确认主要成分是六氯乙硅烷,其次是六氯乙硅氧烷和五氯乙硅烷;通过间接测试的方法实现了甲基氯硅烷与三氯甲硅烷、四氯化硅在HP-5ms色谱柱上的完全分离,并确认甲基氯硅烷类主要是甲基二氯硅烷、二甲基氯硅烷、甲基三氯硅烷。     

反相气相色谱研究金属离子中介甲醛印迹聚合物的气相识别

采用配位聚合法制备了Co2+中介的甲醛印迹聚合物,用红外光谱和扫描电镜研究了分子印迹聚合物的表面结构。以甲醛印迹聚合物作为气相色谱固定相,采用反相气相色谱技术研究了印迹材料对模板及其结构相似物的选择保留性能、等温吸附及吸附热力学,并探讨了分子印迹聚合物对室内空气中甲醛的脱除效果。结果表明,在相同色谱条件下,分子印迹柱对模板分子的容量因子均远高于乙醛。较低柱温和较低载气流速有利于印迹材料对气态模板分子的选择保留,当柱温为90℃,载气流速7.0 mL/min,进样体积为3.0μL时,分子印迹柱对模板的容量因子高达61.1,对模板及结构类似物的分离因子达到10.66。模板分子在印迹聚合物柱上的气相吸附等温线呈近似线性,而结构类似物乙醛的吸附等温线符合BET吸附的Ⅲ类模型。分子印迹聚合物对室内空气中的甲醛也具有一定的脱除能力。     

Alltech集束毛细管柱和常规毛细管柱的比较

对集束毛细管气相色谱柱的色谱性能,如流速对柱效的影响、柱温对柱效的影响、柱容量等进行了考察,并将其对典型火炸药成分ＤＮＴ,ＴＮＴ的分离与常规毛细管气相色谱柱进行了比较。结果表明,集束毛细管气相色谱柱综合了填充柱与石英毛细管气相色谱柱之优点,弥补了二者的不足,是一种柱容量较大且分离效能好、可以在高载气流速下操作的新型气相色谱柱。     

多阶段线性程序升温毛细管气相色谱最佳分离温度的选择

本文提出了气相色谱程序升温分离已知样品的优化指标。在此基础上考虑到色谱柱温和样品组分在色谱柱内的路径差别对保留时间和分离度的影响。提出了气相色谱最佳多阶梯线性程序升温温度曲线选择的基本原则——“移动重叠分辨图”法,并用毛细管气相色谱实验对此进行了验证,理论值与实测值能很好吻合。     

果蔬中107种残留农药的气相色谱-质谱检测方法

采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法对果蔬中107种残留农药检测进行了系统研究,考察了被测组分在不同极性毛细管色谱柱上的保留时间值,对比了不同前处理技术对检测结果的影响,确定了气相色谱-质谱检测农残初筛离子选择原则,规定了气相色谱-质谱确证被捡出农药应符合的条件。     

免疫算法用于复杂样品的GC-MS快速分析

建立了一种基于免疫算法的复杂样品气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)快速分析方法, 该方法采用快速温度程序测定复杂样品的GC-MS信号, 再通过快速解析得到各组分的信息. 计算过程中, 采用各种可能存在于混合物中的组分质谱作为算法的输入, 按照保留时间的顺序逐一对重叠的质谱信号进行解析, 得到各组分的色谱信息. 对于混合物中实际存在的组分可得到该组分的色谱流出曲线, 而对于混合物中不存在的组分所得色谱流出曲线几乎为零. 采用所建立的方法对含有16个组分的有机磷农药混合物进行了分析, 在保留时间10 min内得到了所有组分的色谱信息.     

多维气相色谱分析焦炉气合成天然气中过程气体通用方法的建立

建立了四阀六柱多维气相色谱法分析焦炉气合成天然气中的过程气体中的18种气体含量的方法。该方法将目标组分流到3条通道,通道1用于检测氢气和氧气,以氩气为载气,依次用Porapak Q填充色谱柱和MolSieve 5A分子筛色谱柱分离,采用热导检测器(TCD)检测;通道2用于检测一氧化碳、二氧化碳和氮气,以氢气为载气,分别以2根Porapak Q填充色谱柱和MolSieve 5A分子筛色谱柱分离,采用TCD检测;通道3用于检测甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、丙烷、丙烯、正丁烷、丁烯、正戊烷、戊烯、正己烷、己烯、苯、甲苯,以氮气为载气,以HP-AL/KCL毛细管色谱柱分离,采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)检测。试验结果显示,18种气体组分的体积分数和其对应的色谱峰面积均在一定范围内呈线性关系,且线性相关系数均达到了0.999 5以上,检出限(3S/N)为1.27×10~(-5)%～2.00×10~(-2)%。分析了18种组分的标准气体,绝对误差为-0.026%～0.019%。用本方法分析了焦炉气样品,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)为0.015%～2.4%。     

采用反吹、微流控技术分析原油中的轻烃组分

利用程序升温蒸发进样器、反吹技术和微流控装置分析原油中的C5~C13轻烃组分,用一根HP PONA色谱柱分离,同时得到保留时间相同的火焰离子化检测信号和质谱检测信号,为原油中轻烃组分的色谱定性提供了新的有力工具。该方法中所用的色谱柱使用寿命长,分离效果好,对平湖4井油样中C5~C13馏分的分离得到了可用质谱定性的峰约290个(尚有不少混合峰存在),较难分离的物质对t-1,2-二甲基环戊烷与2-乙基戊烷得到了较好的分离,2-乙基戊烷峰得到非常好的质谱图,是目前研究原油中轻烃组分分析的有效手段。同时应用微流控装置后可在质谱仪不停机的条件下更换色谱柱。     

On retentivity tuning by flow in the second column of different comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatographic configurations

Retentivity tuning in comprehensive two dimensional GC separations of aliphatics (linear and cyclic hydrocarbons) and aromatics in gasoline by changing the carrier gas flows in the column series at constant working temperature parameters of both columns is discussed. Comprehensive 2D techniques studied include GC×GC with cryogenic and differential flow modulation and non-modulated transfer (NMT). In all configurations, the first dimension was a non-polar column and the second dimension a polar column. Using three different flows (0.6, 1.0 and 1.4mL/min) of helium carrier gas in cryogenic modulated GC×GC illustrated that, as expected, retention of the solutes on the (1)D and (2)D columns increased but the separation quality was nearly constant. A change of carrier gas pressure (p(m)=175-125kPa) on the (1)D and (2)D columns joint point at constant inlet pressure (p(i)=525kPa) in NMT, induces an increase of the carrier gas flow rate on the (1)D and a decrease on the (2)D column, respectively. The higher retentivity of the (2)D column improved the group type separation of aliphatic/cyclic hydrocarbons and aromatics and a higher distribution of aromatics on the 2D retention plane was noted. Retentivity tuning was also performed in flow modulated GC×GC by operating the (1)D column at 0.8mL/min and the (2)D column at 20 and 26mL/min. The higher retentivity at 20mL/min improved the group type separation of aliphatic/cyclic hydrocarbons and aromatics in the 2D retention plane.     

Effects of GC temperature and carrier gas flow rate on on‐line oxygen isotope measurement as studied by on‐column CO injection

Although deemed important to δ¹⁸O measurement by on‐line high‐temperature conversion techniques, how the GC conditions affect δ¹⁸O measurement is rarely examined adequately. We therefore directly injected different volumes of CO or CO–N₂ mix onto the GC column by a six‐port valve and examined the CO yield, CO peak shape, CO–N₂ separation, and δ¹⁸O value under different GC temperatures and carrier gas flow rates. The results show the CO peak area decreases when the carrier gas flow rate increases. The GC temperature has no effect on peak area. The peak width increases with the increase of CO injection volume but decreases with the increase of GC temperature and carrier gas flow rate. The peak intensity increases with the increase of GC temperature and CO injection volume but decreases with the increase of carrier gas flow rate. The peak separation time between N₂ and CO decreases with an increase of GC temperature and carrier gas flow rate. δ¹⁸O value decreases with the increase of CO injection volume (when half m/z 28 intensity is <3 V) and GC temperature but is insensitive to carrier gas flow rate. On average, the δ¹⁸O value of the injected CO is about 1‰ higher than that of identical reference CO. The δ¹⁸O distribution pattern of the injected CO is probably a combined result of ion source nonlinearity and preferential loss of C¹⁶O or oxygen isotopic exchange between zeolite and CO. For practical application, a lower carrier gas flow rate is therefore recommended as it has the combined advantages of higher CO yield, better N₂–CO separation, lower He consumption, and insignificant effect on δ¹⁸O value, while a higher‐than‐60 °C GC temperature and a larger‐than‐100 µl CO volume is also recommended. When no N₂ peak is expected, a higher GC temperature is recommended, and vice versa. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高温气相色谱和高温气相色谱-质谱法对费托合成蜡的分离和鉴定

费托合成蜡是费托合成反应中的重要产物之一。采用高温气相色谱与冷柱头进样相结合的方式,建立了一种分离分析费托合成蜡的气相色谱方法。该方法无需对费托合成蜡进行预处理,使用氦气为载气,选用更长的高温色谱柱,具有平稳的色谱基线,对费托合成蜡中正构烷烃和其他未知组分有很好的分离效果,能够洗脱费托合成蜡中碳数大于C₉₀的重组分。用高温气相色谱-质谱法对费托合成蜡馏分进行定性分析,其组分有烷烃、烯烃和含氧化合物。该方法对了解费托合成蜡组分的详细信息和费托合成工艺的开发有重要意义。     

基于微机电系统的微型气相色谱柱研究进展

气相色谱柱是气相色谱仪的关键部件,主要用于混合气体组分的分离。与传统气相色谱柱相比,基于微机电系统（MEMS）技术设计制作的微型气相色谱柱具有重量轻、体积小、功耗低、分离快速等优点,便于集成到便携式气相色谱仪中,适应了目前气相色谱仪微型化的发展趋势。该文综述了MEMS微型气相色谱柱的研究进展,首先阐述了MEMS微型气相色谱柱理论基础,随后对MEMS微型气相色谱柱沟道布局及柱内结构、固定相支撑层及固定相制备等方面进行了综述,最后对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

一种基于离子迁移谱的气相色谱检测器及其应用

离子迁移谱作为气相色谱的检测器,兼有色谱的高分离能力和离子迁移谱的高灵敏度,有利于实现复杂混合物的实时在线监测。基于在色谱、离子迁移谱方面的研究基础,本实验室搭建了一套以离子迁移谱为检测器的气相色谱仪,分别对检测器的温度、总电压、尾吹气流速等参数进行了系统优化,并用于碘甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳和二溴甲烷4种卤代烃化合物的检测。实验结果表明,参数优化后的离子迁移谱检测器对碘甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳和二溴甲烷的检出限可分别达到2、0.02、1和0.1 ng,线性范围有两个数量级。离子迁移谱与气相色谱联用,其二维的分离能力可以为复杂混合物的准确定性提供更多的信息,还可以实现不同化合物的选择性检测。     

Study of the responses of a gas chromatography—reduction gas detector system to gaseous hydrocarbons under different conditions

The response of a reduction gas detector (RGD) to C₂-C₆ alkenes, C₂-C₆ alkanes, isoprene and benzene has been investigated using gas chromatography (GC) with a packed column. The RGD is considerably more sensitive to alkenes than is the flame ionization detector. The detection limit of this present GC/RGD system for alkenes is about 0.01 ng. It has much greater sensitivity to alkenes than to alkanes. Its sensitivity increases with increasing HgO bed temperature, but its selectivity towards alkenes decreases at the same time. The selectivity of the RGD may not be significant for much heavier molecules. The sensitivity of the RGD is inversely proportional to the carrier gas flow rate through the HgO bed. The baseline of the system increases significantly with increasing oven temperature.     

Flow regime at ambient outlet pressure and its influence in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

With method development in one-dimensional GC already being a tedious task, developing GC x GC methods is even more laborious. The majority of the present GC x GC applications are derived from previously optimised 1D-GC methods, from which especially the carrier gas flow settings are copied. However, in view of the high pressure inside the first-dimension column (high flow resistance of the narrow-bore second-dimension column), diffusion in the first column is much slower than in 1D-GC. Proper optimisation of the column combination and the carrier gas flow can considerably improve separations in GC x GC. To assist in the process of selecting column dimensions and flow rate optimization, we have developed a computer programme, based on Excel, that enables quick and simple calculation for all types of column combinations. The programme merely needs column dimensions and carrier gas type as input parameters and calculates all resolution and velocity parameters of the GC x GC separation by using flow rate and plate height equations. From the calculations a number of interesting conclusions can be drawn. As an example, the calculations clearly show that the majority of column combinations reported up till now have been operated at a far from optimal flow -- and, consequently, a far from optimal resolution. Probably even more important is the conclusion that the majority of column combinations used so far, i.e. those with 100 microm I.D. second-dimension columns, are not necessarily the best choice for GC x GC.     

Separation of zinc compounds by sequential metal vapor elution analysis with atomic absorption detection

The separation of zinc compounds, containing zinc chloride, nitrate, and sulfate, at low concentrations by sequential metal vapor elution analysis (SMVEA) with argon carrier gas was reported. A molybdenum column, inserted with a tungsten wire, was developed for the separation of zinc compounds by SMVEA. The optimum separation conditions were a vaporization temperature of 1370 K, a column temperature of 1350 K, and a carrier gas flow rate of 2.5 mL min⁻¹. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the zinc compounds could be roughly separated by SMVEA, although a part of peak profiles overlapped. The number of theoretical plates was 36 for ZnCl₂, 62 for Zn(NO₃)₂, and 80 for ZnSO₄ in the SMVEA column. The present SMVEA system may be able to be applied widely to various analytical instruments.