三氯乙酸根离子选择电极的研制

以长链季铵盐为活性物研制成功PVC膜三氯乙酸根离子选择电极。该电极在1×10~(-1)～2×10~(-6)M Cl_3CCOO-离子浓度范围内显示良好的Nernst响应,检测下限为1.2×10~(-6)M。用固定干扰法测定了该电极对Ac~-、Cl~-,SO_4~-、H_2PO_4~-、HCO_3~-、CO_3~-,Cl_2CHCOO~-、NO_3~-等离子的选择性系数,仅NO_3~-有明显干扰。电极适用于中性、偏碱性溶液,在1×10~(-3)M Cl_3CCOONa溶液中,pH 7.0～12.5电势读数稳定。电极连续工作五小时电势变化为±1mV,可以作为一种分析三氯乙酸盐的简便快速方法。这对控制环境污染,判断职业中毒都十分重要。     

Ag_2S压片电极的试制、性能及应用

本文叙述了 Ag_2S 电极的试制,特别对不同的 Ag_2S沉淀方法作了比较。实验证明制备的电极能测定 Ag~ 的下限～1×10~(-7)M;S~=～5×10_(-6)M。Ag~ 的响应最低极限可达10~(-25)M。应用该电极直接测定纯 Pb 试样中 Ag,与原子吸收测定法结果一致(9.4×10~(-4)%),在电位滴定中可作 Cl~-(或 Br~-,I~-)的指示电极。由于硫化银是低阻抗的离子导电的晶体物质,有极低的溶解度,并且用通常的压片技术很容易获得致密、光洁的薄膜片,故可做成硫、银离子选择电极。根     

应用钙离子选择电极测定岩石中的钙

钙电极多用于水质、临床分析,而用于岩矿测定尚不多。采用二(2-异辛基苯基磷酸)钙为活性材料的PVC膜钙离子选择电极,测定了岩石试样中钙的含量,对测定条件进行了试验,并拟定了简便的分析方法。试验结果:1.电极的响应曲线,在1×10~(-1)M—5×10~(-5)M钙溶液浓度范围内,电势值和钙浓度之间得到直线关系。2.电极的响应时间。钙溶液浓度为1×10~(-1)M—1×10~(-2)M,电极电势一分钟内即达到平衡,1×10~(-3)M—1×10~(-4)M需两分钟,浓度再降低时需五分钟以上。3.在体积为     

PVC膜高氯酸根离子选择电极的研制

研制了用三辛基十二烷基高氯酸铵为电极活性物的PVC膜ClO_4~-离子选择电极。本电极对水溶液中ClO_4~-检测灵敏度高,其Nernst线性范围为1×10~(-1)～1×10~(-6)M,检测下限可达8×10~(-7)M。应用分别溶液法测定了十五种常见阴离子的选择性系数。结果表明:除SCN~-及I~-有10~(-2)数量级干扰外,其余阴离子的K_(ij)~(pot)均在10~(-3)以下。电极电势在较宽pH范围内稳定。电势重现性、稳定性好,较目前已发表的PVC膜ClO_4~-电极性能为佳。     

HTPP 作为定域体的Cr(Ⅵ)离子电极

已有的Cr(VI)离子电极线性区间下限多数是10~(-3)或10~(-4)M。丰达明等在氟化物底液中获得较佳检测下限(5×10~(-7)M)及线性区间(4×10~(-4)～2×10~(-6)M)。本文用作者新近合成的十六烷基三苯基鏻(HTPP)制备PVC膜Cr(VI)离子电极,检测下限可达8×10~(-7)M,且线性区间明显增宽为6×10~(-2)～2×10~(-6)M。实验部分 1.试剂和仪器:HTPP由本实验室合成。用硫酸调节0.1M氟化铵到pH3.2,溶解     

硫脲介质中用Ag_2S电极直接电位法测定微量金

用于测定金的离子选择电极主要是液膜电极。这类电极的灵敏度仅达10~(-5)M左右。我们发现,Ag_2S电极在硫脲-KBr-柠檬酸盐介质中对金能产生电位响应,可用于金的测定。金的浓度在1×10~(-7)—10~(-4)M范围内呈线性关系,电极响应斜率为28—34mV。本法检测限为6×10~(-8)M。     

五氯苯酚离子选择电极的研制

本文报道以三庚基十二烷基铵与三氯苯酚离子缔合物为电极活性物制备的PVC膜五氯苯酚离子选择电极。该电极具有Nernst响应范围宽2×10~(-5)M～1×10~(-1)M、灵敏度高.斜率S为60、检测下限低5×10~(-6)M、选择较好、响应时间短等特点、且电极连续工作电势读数稳定性好等优点。适用于自动监测及电位滴定分析。     

钙离子选择性微电极的研制

研制了有机磷酸盐为活性物质的PVC膜钙离子选择性微电极。电极尖端直径小至4μm,浓度线性范围为10~(-1)-10~(-7)M (10~(-5)M以下采用EDTA体系的金属离子缓冲液配制),检测下限可达2.2×10~(-8)M,选择性系数K~(Pot)Ca,K2.0×10~(-5)、K~(Pot)Ca,Na2.2×10~(-5)、K~(Pot)Ca,Mg2.7×10~(-3),pH适用范围4-10,血清试样中测量游离钙活度的相对标准偏差为4.7％。探讨了影响电极性能的一些因素。曾用该电极测定了某些生理、生化及临床微量试样中的钙离子活度,获得了较好的结果。     

功能高分子膜离子选择电极研究——Ⅲ.压片PVC膜氯离子选择电极的研制

用热压法制备了以功能高分子为活性物的PVC膜氯离子选择电极。合适的压膜温度为108—120℃,压力为50—130kg/cm~2。电极的线性范围1×10~(-1)～2×10~(-4)M,检测下限8×10~(-5)M,稳定性好,寿命长,适用pH范围宽,抗毒化能力强,响应快,内阻小。测定了电极内阻-活化时间曲线,认为活化过程同时是内阻降低至稳定的过程。     

稀土元素的电分析化学研究 Ⅸ.铽—8—羟基喹琳-高氯酸钠的极谱配合吸附波

本文研究了铽-8-羟基喹啉(Ox)-高氯酸钠体系的极谱行为。在高氯酸钠底液中,Ox在单扫示波极谱上有一个稳定的还原波P_1,加入Tb~(3 )后,P_1降低,而在后面出现一个新波P_2。在最佳实验条件(pH4.0～4.5,0.1MNaClO_4-8.0×10~(-5)MOx)下,Tb~(3 )在1.0×10~(-6)～1.0×10~(-5)M范围内与P_1的降低有线性关系;在0.1M NaClO_4~-2.0×10~(-4)MOx下,Tb~(3 )在3.0×10~(-6)～3.0×10~(-5)M范围内与P_2的峰高有线性关系。应用多种极谱技术研究了此体系的电极反应机理,证明它为配位吸附波;写出了电极还原步骤,测定了Ox的离解常数。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.