PVC与核壳结构聚丙烯酸酯及环氧树脂的共混增韧

研究发现由分段乳液聚合丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯制备的三层核壳结构共聚体和少量环氧树脂(含固化剂及促进剂)与PVC在适当配比下共混,可使改性PVC的抗冲击性能明显提高。考察了共混体系的组成与其冲击强度及断裂形态之间的关系。     

PP-g-(St-co-MMA)/PP/PVC共混物相容性研究

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对聚丙烯／聚氯乙烯(PP80／PVC20)二元体系,以及聚丙烯多单体接枝物[PP-g-(St-co-MMA)]／PP／PVC三元体系的相容性进行了研究。由X射线能谱微区分析得到了共混物中氯元素面分布图。对氯元素面分布进行了粒径分布统计和面积计算。实验结果表明：在PP80／PVC20共混物100份中加入6份PP-g-(St-co-MMA)增容剂时,增容效果最好;进一步增加PP-g-(St-co-MMA)含量时,PP／PVC的相容性反而降低。差示扫描量热仪(DSC)的实验结果也佐证了SEM和EDS的实验结果。     

聚氯乙烯/醋酸纤维素合金纳滤膜材料的研制及其界面性能表征

以聚氯乙烯(PVC)、醋酸纤维素(CA)为膜基材,四氢呋喃为溶剂,蒸馏水为沉淀剂,采用溶液共混法制备出PVC／CA合金纳滤膜材料作为高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱填料。由HPLC实验给出的参考溶质的保留时间计算膜-液界面的溶质平衡分配系数K和界面水层体积Ks,探讨合金化前后聚氯乙烯膜材料界面性能及亲水性的变化,并测定了PVC／CA合金的极性(av)和非极性(am)参数。     

碱/酸两步催化法制备耐候性SiO2增透膜的研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为先驱体,采用碱/酸两步催化溶胶-凝胶法制备出一种兼具碱催化增透膜的高透过率和酸催化增透膜的良好耐摩擦性能的优点的SiO2增透膜。对酸碱催化SiO2相对比例及酸催化时水含量的系统研究表明,当酸催化SiO2的含量为50%时,增透膜综合性能最好,即具有高透过率和高耐摩擦性;当nH2O/nHCl=1∶0.0010时,增透膜的透过率最高。碱/酸两步催化法制备的增透膜与水的接触角仅为11.3°,本文进一步用六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDS)对增透膜表面进行了修饰,修饰后增透膜的接触角提高至52.5°,增透膜的疏水性及环境稳定性得到较大的提高。     

不同厚度三倍频SiO2增透膜的设计、制备与改性

本文通过光学计算设计了具有不同厚度的三倍频增透膜。以氨水为催化剂、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,通过溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)技术制得SiO2溶胶;采用浸渍提拉法镀膜得到符合设计要求的三倍频增透膜。研究结果表明,增透膜的耐磨擦性能随着膜层厚度的增大而增大,本文制得的厚度达到200 nm以上的三倍频增透膜耐磨擦性能显著优于传统的1/4波长三倍频增透膜。此外,本文以甲基含氢硅油为膜表面修饰剂,提出一种全新的超快的表面疏水性改性的方法。经该方法处理后,增透膜由亲水膜转变为疏水膜,对水的接触角从23.4°增大至95°,增透膜的耐环境性显著提高。     

羟丙基甲基纤维素的接枝共聚及其在复合材料中的应用研究

在水溶液中以KMnO4／草酸／硫酸(氧化-还原引发体系)引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯在羟丙基甲基纤维素上的乳液接枝共聚。研究了引发剂组成、反应温度、反应介质的H^ 浓度等对接枝率的影响。结果表明：反应温度和引发剂组成对接枝率有显著影响。接枝纤维素经IR和DTA表征。用接枝纤维素填充聚氯烯(PVC)所得PVC复合材料的拉伸强度提高了20％。     

非λ/4-非λ/4 SiO_2/TiO_2双层增透膜的设计与制备

通过TFCalc膜层设计软件设计了非λ/4-非λ/4双层增透膜体系.与λ/4-λ/4双层增透膜体系相比,非λ/4-非λ/4双层增透膜体系中内外层薄膜的折射率仅需满足n_1≥n_2(n_s/n_0)~(1/2)(其中n_1、n_2、n_s、n_0分别为内层膜、外层膜、基片和空气的折射率),即可通过调节内外层薄膜的厚度实现特定波长处的100%透过,扩展了膜层材料的选择范围.以酸催化TiO_2薄膜和SiO_2薄膜分别作为内、外层膜层材料,采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍-提拉法依次将TiO_2溶胶和SiO_2溶胶沉积在K9玻璃基片表面,最终形成SiO_2/TiO_2双层增透膜.实验结果表明,该双层增透膜具有与TFCalc模拟透过率曲线相吻合的实测透过率曲线,在中心波长处峰值透过率可达99.9%.该双层增透膜经耐摩擦和黏附性测试后峰值透过率基本保持不变,说明该增透膜具有良好的机械性能.这种同时具备高透过率和强机械性能的增透膜在太阳能电池等领域具有较广阔的应用前景.     

环氧树脂/层状无机物纳米复合材料

概述了近年来国内外环氧树脂／层状无机物纳米复合材料的研究现状，详细介绍厂环氧树脂／蒙脱土、环氧树脂／水滑石及环氧树脂／石墨三种代表性环氧树脂纳米复合材料的制备、性能及研究进展。     

用裂解气相色谱法进行聚氯乙烯一-红泥塑料的结构表征

用裂解气相色谱法(PGC)进行了聚氯乙烯—红泥塑料(PVC—RM)的结构表征。研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC) 和PVC—RM经不同热处理时间后(170℃),裂解表征产物的变化规律和产率差异。研究了PVC—RM的内耗(tanδ)与温度的关系,PVC—RM的玻璃化温度(Tg)为85℃。研究表明:PVC—RM不是PVC和RM(红泥)的简单共混物。在RM的作用下,PVC分子链支化碳原子上的活泼氯原子发生取代反应,形成C—O—Si键。因此,PVC—RM的高温裂解机理与PVC不同,且热稳定性较高。     

聚氯乙烯表面共价键合肝素及抗凝血性的研究

采用Ar等离子体引发聚乙二醇(PEG)在聚氯乙烯(PVC)表面固定化,进一步对固定PEG后的PVC进行肝素化处理,以改善PVC材料的抗凝血性能。探讨了PEG浓度对Ar等离子体固定化反应效果的影响。通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和接触角测定研究了固定PEG前后PVC的表面性能和表面形貌的变化。XPS分析证实肝素已成功地共价键合于PVC表面。采用体外凝血时间测定和血小板粘附实验对材料的抗凝血性能进行评价,结果表明,被修饰PVC材料的抗凝血性能显著提高。     

Lifetime Improvement of Glucose Biosensor by Epoxy‐Enhanced PVC Membrane

A new approach using epoxy resin to enhance the durability and adhesion of a diffusion‐limiting membrane in amperometric biosensors is described. The polymer membrane was mainly composed of commercially available fast epoxy adhesive ATACS 5104, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and plasticizers such as isopropyl myristate (IMP) and Aliquat 336 (AL). It can be readily deposited on various substrates by using coating and other thin film fabrication methods. The effect of epoxy resin in the membrane composition was investigated using a coil‐type glucose biosensor containing extra enzyme. The ideal membrane was found to include approximately 1/3 epoxy resin, 1/3 plasticizer and 1/3 PVC. Such a membrane was verified to be porous and permeable to small molecules like glucose and can tightly adhere to other beneath layers such as a Nafion membrane, which serves as the interference‐eliminating layer. These epoxy‐based glucose biosensors showed excellent electrochemical response properties including a long lifetime and can be used for microanalysis of solutions and biological fluids. With an additional PU outermost layer, the present glucose biosensors can potentially be used for in vivo measurements.     

新型光固化环氧丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及其防腐性能研究

将环氧树脂和非离子型表面活性剂在一定温度下与丙烯酸反应合成出改性环氧丙烯酸酯树脂,再利用相反转乳化法制备得到光固化水性环氧乳液。对该反应的原料种类、反应条件、以及乳化工艺进行了优化研究,并对不同条件下得到的乳液进行了综合性能评价。着重考察了环氧树脂的种类以及光引发剂的种类对乳液粒径、清漆膜电化学防腐性能和耐盐雾性能的影响。结果表明:选取环氧树脂E20,光引发剂IRGACURE651,酯化反应温度为105℃,反应时间3h,乳化温度为25℃~30℃,搅拌速度为800r/min时,制得的乳液稳定性和漆膜性能(包括漆膜的力学性能、电化学防腐性能和耐盐雾性能)最佳。     

用于观察橡胶改性聚氯乙烯结构的制样方法——氯磺酸-重金属染色法

<正> 使用丁腈橡胶(NBR),氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(MBS),丙烯酸酯弹性体(ACR)等材料,可以改善聚氯乙烯(PVC)的抗冲击性能。由于PVC树脂由数种结构层次不同的微粒组成,橡胶改性PVC的性能依赖于加工条件及体系的相结构。观察改性PVC的相结构是研     

Thermal decomposition of polymer mixtures of PVC,PET and ABS containing brominated flame retardant: Formation of chlorinated and brominated organic compounds

The thermal decomposition of various mixtures of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), ABS containing brominated epoxy resin flame retardant and Sb₂O₃, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been studied in order to clarify the reactions between the components of mixed polymers. More than 40 halogen-containing molecules have been identified among the pyrolysis products of mixed samples. Brominated and chlorinated aromatic esters were detected from the mixtures containing PET and halogen-containing polymers. A series of chlorinated, brominated and mixed chlorinated and brominated phenols and bisphenol A molecules have been identified among the pyrolysis products of polymer mixtures containing flame retarded ABS and PVC. It was established that the decomposition rate curves (DTG) of the mixtures were not simple superpositions of the individual components indicating interactions between the decomposition reactions of the polymer components. The maximal rate of thermal decomposition of both ABS and PET decreases significantly if the mixture contains brominated epoxy flame retardant and Sb₂O₃ synergist. The dehydrochlorination rate of PVC is enhanced in the presence of ABS or PET.     

Epoxy‐based composite adhesives: Effect of hybrid fillers on thermal conductivity,rheology, and lap shear strength

Thermal management is an important parameter in an electronic packaging application. In this work, three different types of fillers such as natural graphite powder (Gr) of 50‐μm particle size, boron nitride powder (h‐BN) of 1‐μm size, and silver flakes (Ag) of 10‐μm particle size were used for thermal conductivity enhancement of neat epoxy resin. The thermal properties, rheology, and lap shear strength of the neat epoxy and its composite were investigated. The analysis showed that the loading of different wt% of Gr‐based fillers can effectively increase the thermal conductivity of the epoxy resin. It has also been observed that the thermal conductivity of the hybrid filler (Gr/h‐BN/Ag) reinforced epoxy adhesive composite increased six times greater than that of neat epoxy resin composite. Further, the viscosity of hybrid filler reinforced epoxy resin was found to be increased as compared with its virgin counterpart. The adhesive composite with optimized filler content was then subsequently subjected to determine single lap shear strength. The degree of filler dispersion and alignment in the matrix were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.     

Modification of epoxy binders using cycloaliphatic epoxy imides

The influence of epoxy imide cycloaliphatic epoxy resin EPOX-01 on the rheological properties of the epoxy amine system was investigated. The effect of the amount of amine hardener for solidification process of modified system is evaluated. It is shown that the use of epoxy imide cycloaliphatic resin allows one to obtain materials with improved technological characteristics of film technology (RFI).     

Preparation of epoxy-acrylic latex based on bisphenol F epoxy resin

Bisphenol F based epoxy-acrylic latex with different amount of epoxy resin was successfully prepared by semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization. The resulting composite latexes had a narrow size distribution of about 105 nm in diameter. The DSC result showed that the epoxy resin and polyacrylate were grafting copolymerization. The FTIR spectra showed that the epoxy group had been introduced into the epoxy acrylic latex system, and the composite latex could be crosslinked with epoxy hardener at room temperature. The crosslinked composite latex film exhibited a high Tg compared to epoxy-acrylic latexes. The surface of the films with the epoxy resin was regular, and diffused into the polyacrylate phase in the epoxy-acrylic latexes films. Since the curing reactions occurred before latex particle coalescence stage, the surfaces of the cured epoxy-acrylate latex films had a number of interface particle. Compared with the acrylic latex, the thermal stability of the epoxy-acrylate latex was increased, and the stability of the cured film increased with increasing epoxy content.     

Aligned electrospun cellulose fibers reinforced epoxy resin composite films with high visible light transmittance

Uniaxially oriented cellulose nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning on a rotating cylinder collector. The fiber angular standard deviation (a parameter of fiber orientation) of the mats was varied from 65.6 to 26.2^o by adjusting the rotational speed of the collector. Optically transparent epoxy resin composite films reinforced with the electrospun cellulose nanofibrous mats were then prepared by the solution impregnation method. The fiber content in the composite films was in the range of 5–30 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that epoxy resin infiltrated and completely filled the pores in the mats. Indistinct epoxy/fiber interfaces, epoxy beads adhering on the fiber surfaces, and torn fiber remnants were found on the fractured composite film surfaces, indicating that the epoxy resin and cellulose fibers formed good interfacial adherence through hydrogen-bonding interaction. In the visible light range, the light transmittance was 88–92% for composite films with fiber loadings of 16–32 wt%. Compared to the composite films reinforced with 20 wt% randomly oriented fibers, the mechanical strength and Young’s modulus of the composite films reinforced with same amount of aligned fibers increased by 71 and 61%, respectively. Dynamical mechanical analysis showed that the storage moduli of the composite films were greatly reinforced in the temperature above the glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin matrix.     

Preparation and characterization of functionalized graphene oxide/carbon fiber/epoxy nanocomposites

Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized using three different diamines, namely ethylenediamine (EDA), 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) to reinforce an epoxy adhesive, with the aim of improving the bonding strength of carbon fiber/epoxy composite. The chemical structure of the functionalized GO (FGO) nanosheets was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and XRD. Hand lay-up, as a simple method, was applied for 3-ply composite fabrication. In the sample preparation, the fiber-to-resin ratio of 40:60 (w:w) and fiber orientations of 0°, 90°, and 0° were used. The GO and FGO nanoparticles were first dispersed in the epoxy resin, and then the GO and FGO reinforced epoxy (GO- or FGO-epoxy) were directly introduced into the carbon fiber layers to improve the mechanical properties. The GO and FGO contents varied in the range of 0.1–0.5 wt%. Results showed that the mechanical properties, in terms of tensile and flexural properties, were mainly dependent on the type of GO functionalization followed by the percentage of modified GO. As a result, both the tensile and flexural strengths are effectively enhanced by the FGOs addition. The tensile and flexural moduli are also increased by the FGO filling in the epoxy resin due to the excellent elastic modulus of FGO. The optimal FGO content for effectively improving the overall composite mechanical performance was found to be 0.3 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the failure mechanism of carbon fibers pulled out from the epoxy matrix contributed to the enhancement of the mechanical performance of the epoxy. These results show that diamine FGOs can strengthen the interfacial bonding between the carbon fibers and the epoxy adhesive.