MMA接枝改性PVC/CaCO3纳米复合材料的力学性能

采用熔融共混法制备PMMA接枝改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC（PVC/CaCO3）复合材料,并研究了复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,通过表面PMMA的接枝改性,可以显著提高纳米CaCO3增韧聚氯乙烯复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量,在纳米CaCO3颗粒表面PMMA包覆层厚度为2nm时,复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量达到极大值.对比于未处理纳米CaCO3和钛酸酯偶联剂处理纳米CaCO3,PMMA接枝改性纳米CaCO3增韧PVC复合材料的拉伸强度得到较大幅度提高.SEM显示,经过PMMA接枝改性后的碳酸钙在PVC基体中分散均匀,与基体界面结合良好.     

改性钆/硼/聚乙烯纳米复合材料的制备及对中子和伽马射线的屏蔽性能

采用偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)对纳米氧化钆(nanoGd₂O₃)表面进行包覆改性, 通过热压成型法制备了一种新型的改性纳米氧化钆/碳化硼/高密度聚乙烯(M-nanoGd₂O₃/B₄C/HDPE)复合材料. 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)分析结果表明, nanoGd₂O₃成功被偶联剂改性, 且改性nanoGd₂O₃在聚乙烯基体内的界面相容性和分散性显著提高. 热重分析(TGA)、 差示扫描量热分析(DSC)和力学拉伸实验表明, 改性nanoGd₂O₃的引入增强了复合材料的热稳定性, 提高了复合材料的拉伸强度、 杨氏模量和断裂伸长率. 对复合材料的中子和伽马射线屏蔽性能进行了实验测试和蒙特卡罗模拟计算, 研究了nanoGd₂O₃改性、 材料形状和材料厚度对屏蔽性能的影响. 结果表明, 界面相容性和分散性优良的nanoGd₂O₃能够有效提高中子及伽马射线屏蔽率. 方形M-nanoGd₂O₃/B₄C/HDPE材料在厚度为11.7 cm时中子屏蔽率达到90%, 在厚度为13.5 cm时伽马射线屏蔽率达到70%.     

碳纳米纸/聚乙烯复合材料的电热性能研究

为改善碳纳米管(CNT)分散性,将CNT先制备成碳纳米纸(CNP),然后将CNP与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)进行复合压膜形成具有三明治结构的CNP/HDPE复合材料,详细研究了CNP的形貌、孔结构、力学性能以及CNP/HDPE复合材料的电热性能。结果表明:采用悬浮过滤法可获得表面平整、光滑、孔径均匀的碳纳米纸;碳纳米纸孔径大部分集中在20nm~40nm之间;碳纳米纸具有一定的强度和柔韧性。CNP/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量略高于纯HDPE;在碳纳米管含量相同时,在相同电压下,CNP/HDPE复合材料其电热性能远高于以共混方式制备的CNT/HDPE复合材料。     

纳米SiO2增强NR/HDPE共混型热塑性弹性体的研究

以动态硫化法制备纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)改性天然橡胶／高密度聚乙烯(NR／HDPE)共混型热塑性弹性体。研究了纳米SiO2对NR／HDPE弹性体力学、耐热变形、耐溶剂和热塑性能的影响，并用SEM分析了弹性体的断面形貌。结果表明：纳米SiO2通过细化交联NR分散相，改善了NR与HDPE的相容性，两相界面粘结强度明显提高。当纳米SiO2质量分数为0．03时，NR／HDPE弹性体的综合性能最好。     

接枝聚乙烯/GMS接枝SiO_2共混物的制备和性能

合成了单硬脂酸丙烯酸甘油二酯(AGMS)和改性纳米SiO_2的接枝物(SiO_2-g-PAGMS),将AGMS、SiO_2-g-PAGMS、聚乙烯、接枝聚乙烯和改性纳米SiO_2等物质按比例挤出,吹膜. 60℃加速流滴实验结果表明,SiO_2-g-PAGMS与聚乙烯及接枝聚乙烯混合膜加速流滴期最高可达36 d,是同等条件下AGMS与聚乙烯及接枝聚乙烯混合膜的1. 50倍,是只添加SiO_2-g-PAGMS/聚乙烯膜的2. 25倍.接枝聚乙烯/SiO_2-g-PAGMS共混物在降低雾度的同时,结晶温度降低,熔融温度升高,膜拉伸强度变化小于11%.     

ENR-25改性CaCO3填充LDPE的复合材料的研究

用环氧程度为25％的环氧化天然橡胶（ENR－25）改性轻质CaCO3。研究了改性方法，改性剂用量，CaCO3填充量对低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）材料与性能的影响。结果表明，7．5％的ENR－25湿法改性有效地改善了CaCO2在LDPE中的分散性及相容性，增强了界面作用强度，使材料在拉伸强度保持较高的情况下，拉伸弹性模量，撕裂强度和断裂伸长率得到有效的提高。     

CaCO_3表面包覆改性及其对填充PP力学性能的影响

先用丙烯酸(AA)处理CaCO3,在其表面引入活性双键基团后,再通过固相包覆反应将聚丙烯蜡(PPW)固定在CaCO3表面.实验发现改性CaCO3可经受甲苯、稀盐酸处理而不发生溶解,结合红外及热重分析结果,证明PPW已经通过化学键合而成功地包覆在CaCO3表面.将该改性CaCO3填充聚丙烯(PP)后,发现PP的冲击性能及拉伸性能均有不同程度的提高,当改性CaCO3的填充量为15份时,体系的缺口冲击强度达到最大值,为基体树脂的1.68倍;当改性CaCO3的填充量10份时拉伸强度达到峰值,为同等添加量的未改性CaCO3的1.22倍.     

分散聚合法制备微米级核壳复合粒子

在硬脂酸改性纳米CaCO3存在下进行了苯乙烯(St)和丙烯酸正丁酯(nBA)的分散共聚合,制备了平均粒径为1.76 μm、单分散性较好的CaCO3/P(St-co-nBA) 核壳复合粒子。包覆层聚合物P(St-co-nBA)与CaCO3粒子之间存在物理吸附和化学键合作用,使其热分解温度比共聚物P(St-co-nBA)高。 经热二甲苯抽提后复合物中仍有共聚物存在,这部分共聚物与CaCO3通过化学键牢固的结合。 热失重结果表明,CaCO3的稳定包覆率为6.6%。     

硬脂酸改性β-TCP的分析测定及其PLLA复合纳米纤维膜性能研究

采用硬脂酸对β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)进行表面改性,并研究了β-TCP与硬脂酸的界面作用,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)以及X光电子能谱(XPS)对改性前后β-TCP的形貌、热失重和表面基团进行表征;采用静电纺丝法制备不同质量配比的β-TCP/PLLA和改性β-TCP/PLLA复合纳米纤维膜,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察复合膜的形貌,并研究其力学性能。结果表明,硬脂酸包覆在β-TCP表面,改性后的β-TCP具有一定疏水性,硬脂酸的H+可与β-TCP中PO3-4的1个O发生质子化反应形成—OH;硬脂酸改性减轻了β-TCP微粒的团聚,可以得到连续均匀的纤维,改性后的β-TCP/PLLA复合纳米纤维膜的力学性能较改性前有明显提高。     

PP/HDPE 共混物及其纳米复合材料超临界流体微孔发泡

通过间歇法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混物及其纳米复合材料的微孔塑料.用扫描电镜对发泡样品的泡孔结构进行表征,研究了纳米粒子的类型和含量对泡孔结构的影响.结果表明:在PP中加入25%的HDPE可改善泡孔结构;在 PP/HDPE 共混物中加入纳米粒子可使泡孔的直径减小、密度增加、泡孔分布更均匀;泡孔直径随着纳米粒子含量的增加会出现先减小后增加的趋势.     

Unsaturated hyperbranched polyester as a surface modifier of CaCO3 and enhanced effect on mechanical properties of HDPE/CaCO3 composites

The unsaturated hyperbranched polyester (UH20) based on Boltorn™ H20 (H20) end‐capped with methacrylate groups and carboxylic acid groups was introduced to treat calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) as a new type of surface modifier by a wet‐coating technique. The interaction between CaCO₃ and modifier was proven to be due to the ionic character by FT‐IR after the extraction with acetone. The maximum amount of tightly bonded UH20 modifier was determined to be around 9% by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The incorporation of CaCO₃ coated with UH20 into high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) decreased the mechanical performance of HDPE/CaCO₃ composite in comparison with CaCO₃ coated with stearic acid. In the presence of a small amount of dicumyl peroxide (DCP), a greatly improvement of the notched impact strength as well the tensile strength of HDPE/CaCO₃ coated with UH20 composite was obtained. An enhanced effect in the mechanical performance of the composite between CaCO₃ coated with UH20 and HDPE matrix in the existence of DCP was suggested. Moreover, the morphological structures of impact fracture surface of the HDPE/CaCO₃ composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to confirm the possible mechanism for explaining the improvement of mechanical properties of the composite. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structure and mechanical properties of SRP/HDPE/POE (EPR or EPDM) composites

The effects of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and ethylene-octylene copolymer (POE), ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR) or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) on the structure and properties of scrap rubber powder (SRP)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were studied. Torque and gel content results show that DCP promotes crosslinking of the SRP/HDPE/POE (EPR or EPDM) composites. The SRP/HDPE/POE (EPR or EPDM) composites containing a small amount of DCP have better mechanical properties than their corresponding composites without DCP. Highest tensile strength and elongation at break are found in the dynamically vulcanized SRP/HDPE/POE composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that good bonding between SRP and matrix is formed in the SRP/HDPE/POE (EPR or EPDM) composites with DCP.     

The Effect of Acrylic Acid on Tensile and Morphology Properties of Wollastonite Filled High Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber Composites

Inorganic filler manufactured for incorporation into thermoplastic elastomers usually are surface treated with organic reagents in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between filler and the matrix. In the present paper, the effects of acrylic acid (AA) on tensile and morphology properties of wollastonite (WS) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE)/Natural Rubber (NR) composites were studied. The untreated and treated HDPE/NR/WS composites were melt-blending at 180 °C with rotor speed of 50 rpm for 10 minutes. The composites were tensile-tested according to ASTM D638 and the etched surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Tensile strength and elongation at break of the compositesdecreased upon the addition of wollastonite, but Young's modulus improves. The results of this study showed that the treated composites are found to have better tensile properties than the untreated composites. The morphology of treated composite showed better interfacial interaction between HDPE/NR and wollastonite.     

High density polyethylene/hydrogenated oligo(cyclopentadiene) blends: Tensile stress-strain behavior

The influence of hydrogenated olio(cyclopentadiene) (HOCP) on tensile mechanical properties of its blends with high density polyethylene (HDPE) has been studied at 20, 80, and 100°C. The nominal stress-strain curves performed at 20°C indicate an increase of the modulus and a conspicuous decrease of the ultimate properties increasing the HOCP content in the blend. Blends with HOCP content > 20%-wt are found to be very fragile at 20°C. These behaviors have been related to the presence of the HOCP-rich phase that has the glass transition at about 55°C. At 20°C the HOCP oligomers act as a hardener for the HDPE. The nominal stress-strain curves performed at 80 and 100°C show a strong decrease of the modulus (compared to the value at 20°C), plastic deformation for all the blends tested, and rupture of HDPE and blend samples at the beginning of the cold-drawing. Moreover, the modulus and the ultimate parameters are found to decrease with the composition. The behaviors at 80 and 100°C have been related to several factors: the higher mobility of HDPE molecules at these temperatures compared to that at 20°C; the HOCP-rich phase that is at temperatures higher than its glass transition, and so it acts as a plasticizer for the HDPE; and the decreases of crystallinity and number of entanglements when the HOCP is added to the HDPE component. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The research on the mechanical properties improvement of HDPE/ABS blends reinforced with acid‐treated wood fiber

In this study, the effect of acid‐treated wood fiber modifications on the mechanical behaviors of HDPE/ABS blend is investigated. Wood fiber/HDPE/ABS composites were fabricated by incorporating acid‐treated wood fiber into HDPE/ABS blends. The results showed that both the tensile strength and flexural strength of wood fiber/HDPE/ABS composites were greater than those of HDPE/ABS blend, regardless of wood fiber modification. The results also showed that the impact strength of HDPE/ABS composites is improved by the addition of wood fiber. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of fractured surfaces showed that the improvement in the mechanical properties of the wood fiber/HDPE/ABS composites was attributed to the improved dispersion of wood fiber in the HDPE/ABS and the better interfacial characteristics caused by the acid treatment of the wood fiber.     

Investigation on Physical and Mechanical Properties of WPC from Corn stalk (Lignocellulosic Fiber) and HDPE

Summary: This study has tried to use HDPE and the coupling agent consistent MAPP and cornstalk fibers, create wood plastic composite material and its physical and mechanical properties such as tensile modulus, flexural modulus and humidity absorption is measured. After determining the percentage of 20, 30 and 40% of corn stalk fibers in the product and the use of two longitudinal mesh levels of 40 and 80 of them and using the 5% MAPP coupling agent testing was done and it was shown that increasing fiber length and percent increase in product humidity is absorbed. This is while the declines by increasing the fiber length changes of samples were during the tensile tests. In the bending test also increased fiber length and flexural modulus was increased.     

Thermal properties and microhardness of HDPE/clay nanocomposites compatibilized by different functionalized polyethylenes

The calorimetric characteristics, the flammability, the thermal stability and the microhardness of polyethylene high density/clay nanocomposites (HDPE/clay) have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, determination of limiting oxygen index and microhardness tests. The nanocomposites have been compatibilized by ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer (EAA), acrylic acid grafted HDPE (HDAA) and maleic anhydride grafted HDPE (HDMA). The clay was montmorillonite Cloisite 15A. The influence of the presence and the type of the compatibilizers on the properties of the nanocomposites has been evaluated. The results have shown that the thermal stability, the reduction of the flammability and the microhardness of HDPE/clay nanocomposites, compatibilized by HDAA and HDMA are higher than those for nanocomposite compatibilized by EAA. Moreover, the presence and the type of compatibilizer have negligible effect on the characteristics of the HDPE phase transitions. These results have been interpreted by the better clay dispersion and higher level of clay exfoliation in the presence of compatibilizers HDAA and HDMA, than those in the presence of EAA compatibilizer.     

高密度聚乙烯/全同立构聚丙烯共混物超拉伸纤维的热行为与力学行为

用热拉法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/全同立构聚丙烯(iPP)共混物超拉伸纤维,研究了拉伸比对其热行为及力学行为的影响,随拉伸比增加,纤维中HDPE与iPP的结晶度增大,熔融温度升高、熔程变宽;纤维中HDPE与iPP的结晶度低于其纯组分,熔融湿度与熔程基本不受组分比的影响,随拉伸比增加,纤维的模量增高,以HDPE为主的纤维的拉伸强度增大,以iPP为主的纤维拉伸强度增至一定值后,不再随拉伸比增加而增大,并有下降趋势。     

Structure and thermal properties of stearic acid/silica composites as form-stable phase change materials

In this study, stearic acid/silica phase change composites were prepared by the sol-gel method using stearic acid as phase change materials (PCMs). The effects of mass fraction of stearic acid were comprehensively investigated. The structures and thermal properties of the obtained composites were characterized by various methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), leakage tests, and thermogravimetry analysis (TG). The results indicated that composite containing 76% stearic acid had the best thermal properties and low mass leakage, making 76% stearic acid as the maximum content that silica matrix could protect in the composites. The latter was further confirmed by morphological analyses of the silica matrix. Silica matrix exhibited spherical particle clusters, following big–small–big–small size pattern as stearic acid rose. The composite with 76% stearic acid was at the key point of change in particle size. These findings look promising for future to prepare silica-based phase change composites with good thermal properties easily.

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Triple shape memory effect of foamed natural Eucommia ulmoides gum/high‐density polyethylene composites

This paper proposes a new technique for the preparation of foamed Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG)/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) shape memory composites and establishes the relationship between structures and properties in foamed shape memory composites. Eucommia ulmoides gum/HDPE shape memory composites are designed to memorize 2 temporary shapes by exploiting the different melting points of the 2 phases; the triple shape memory effect in the composites is investigated via mechanical measurements, thermal analysis, and shape memory behavior analysis. The results show that HDPE phase enables the composites to effectively memorize the first temporary shape and EUG phase contributes the second temporary shape. When the ratios of EUG and HDPE were 80/20 and 70/ 30, the composite exhibited satisfactory shape memory behavior with favorable shape fixity ratio and shape recovery ratio, in addition to excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 15 MPa, tear strength above 51 KN/m, and foam porosity of about 11%).