聚（2,5—二甲氧基对苯乙炔）的可溶性前聚物合成及表征

研究了合成聚（２，４－二甲氧基对苯乙炔）的有机可溶性前聚物的反应条件与单体转化率和前聚物产率的关系。实验结果表明：ＮａＯＨ是聚合反应的有效引发剂，适宜的反应条件为：单体与ＮａＯＨ摩尔比为１：１，单体浓度０．０５－０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，聚合时间２ｈ，温度低５℃，正己烷、石油醚作为有机提取剂可有效提高前聚物产率。用ＩＲ、ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ＇＾ＨＮＭＲ，ＴＧＡ和 ＤＳＣ对前聚物进行了表征。     

1,4—双（氯甲基）—2—甲氧基—5—壬氧基苯的均聚和共聚研究

以１，４－双（氯甲基）－２，５一二甲基苯（ＢＣＭＤＭＢ）和１，４－双氯甲基－２－甲氧基－５－壬氧基苯（ＢＣＭＭＯＮＯＢ）为单体，采用脱氯化氢法，合成了聚（２，５－二甲基）对亚苯基亚乙烯（ＰＤＭＰＶ）和聚（２－甲氧基－５－壬氧基）对亚苯基亚乙烯（ＰＭＯＮＯＰＶ）；并对ＢＣＭＤＭＢ和ＢＣＭＭＯＮＯＢ的共聚进行了研究。结果表明，适宜的反应条件为：碱与单体的摩尔比为２０∶１，在室温下聚合时间为３０ｈ，碱的ｐＨ＝１４时产率最高。用ＩＲ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、ＵＶ—Ｖｉｓ对聚合物进行了表征。     

功能聚间苯二胺膜用于免疫传感器分析

以电化学聚合法在石墨电极上获得聚间苯二胺膜（ＰＭＰＤ），并建立了快速、灵敏的膜质量检验方法：辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）标记ＰＭＰＤ膜－邻苯二胺（ＯＰＤ）反应法，对聚合、活化等条件作了研究；进一步制成了检测乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）和检测鼠免疫蛋白（ＭＩｇＧ）的免疫电极，对血清样品作了检测．结果表明：２．５Ｖ电池电压下，于含０．１２ｍｏｌ／ＬＭＰＤ的１．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４中聚合２０ｍｉｎ，再以３０ｇ／Ｌ浓度的戊二醛活化４ｈ，所得ＨＲＰ标记电极及免疫电极重现性好；检测ＨＢ－ｓＡｇ和ＭＩｇＧ的线性范围分别为０．１～３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ及０．１～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ     

聚丙烯酰胺水溶液粘度依时性及其稳定剂

本文对常用的粘度法测定聚丙烯酰胺分子量体系ＰＡＭ－１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＮＯ３、ＰＡＭ－０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＳＯ４和ＰＡＭ－０．５ｍｏｌ／ＮａＣｌ的粘度进行了稳定性考察，并对上述体系加入少量不同种类的稳定剂，考察其粘度对时间的依赖性，确定了粘度法测定ＰＡＭ分子量的适宜溶液体系。     

微酸性体系电沉积光亮锡钴锌合金的研究

本文提出了一种电沉积光亮锡钴镜三元合金的新工艺，其溶液组成及操作条件为：Ｎａ３Ｃ６Ｈ５Ｏ７．２Ｈ２Ｏ１００－１５０，Ｎａ２ＥＤＴＡ．２Ｈ２Ｏ２０－３０，ＳｎＣｌ２．２Ｈ２Ｏ１５－２０，ＣｏＳＯ４．７Ｈ２Ｏ２５－３５，ＺｎＣｌ２１５－２０ｇ．Ｌ＾－１；稳定剂ＷＤＺ－１ ６０－１００，光亮剂ＷＤＺ－２１５－２０ｍＬ．Ｌ＾－１，ｐＨ＝４－６，Ｄｋ＝０．５５。０Ａ．ｄｍ＾－２，Ｔ＝５－３５℃。在此条件下可     

聚醋酸乙烯酯与铜（Ⅱ）离子的配位反应及其催化作用

以ＥＳＲ、ＵＶ和ＩＲ表征Ｃｕ（２＋）离子与ＰＶＡＣ的配位反应。根据ＣＵＣｌ２·２Ｈ２Ｏ乙醇溶液与ＰＶＡｃ－ＣｕＣｌ２·２Ｈ２Ｏ乙醇溶液的电导率差值随Ｃｕ（２＋）离子摩尔浓度变化的明显转析点得知，１个Ｃｕ（２＋）离子大约能与ＰＶＡｃ４个链节单元配位。证实ＭＭＡ在Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）－ＰＶＡｃ配合物／Ｎａ２ＳＯ３体系的聚合体是无规ＰＭＭＡ，得率为７０％。讨论了ＭＭＡ在Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）－ＰＶＡｃ配合物／Ｎａ２ＳＯ３体系络合催化引发下的游离基反应历程。     

（R）—四氢噻唑—2—硫酮—4—羧酸的合成及其晶体结构

由Ｌ－半胱氨酸盐酸盐与二硫化碳在ＮａＯＨ及ＣｕＳＯ４．Ｈ２Ｏ存在下反应得到（Ｒ）－四氢噻唑－２－硫酮－４－羧酸，「α」＾２０Ｄ－８７．５°，产率６６％。用Ｘ射线衍射法测得其晶体结构，属正交晶系，Ｐｚ１ｚ１ｚ１空间群，晶体学参数：α＝０．５０２９（２）ｎｍ，ｂ＝０．７７４９９（５）ｎｍ，ｃ＝１．６３００（５）ｎｍ，Ｖ＝０．６３５０（５）ｎｍ＾３，Ｚ＝４。用分子轨道方法研究了该化合物的电子结构，得到其     

微分脉冲极谱同时测定三种碱性氨基酸的研究

应用微分脉冲极谱，在ｐＨ９．０ ＮａＢ４Ｏ７－ ＣＨ３ＣＨＯ－Ｃｏ２＋－ ＮａＯＨ组成的极谱底液，扫描电位－ ０．８０～－ １．６０ Ｖ、振幅 ２０ｍＶ、扫描速度５ｍＶ／ｓ、一滴汞周期２ｓ的条件下进行连续扫描测量三种碱性氨基酸，获得三个灵敏 度和分辨率均较高的极谱峰图。该法简便快速，稳定可靠，为测量各种蛋白质中的三种磁性氨基酸提供一种新途 径。     

硼氢化钠还原法制备四羰基钴钠及羰基化反应

在常温压下，用ＮａＢＨ４作还原剂，由ＣＯ与ＣｏＣｌ２反应制备Ｎａ［Ｃｏ（ＣＯ）４］，其最佳的原料配比为ＮａＢＨ４：ＣｏＣｌ２＝２．５：１，反应温度为０－５℃，反应时间为２ｈ。产物经ＩＲ光谱鉴定，在１８９３ｃｍ＾－１处有一强吸收峰，此峰为［Ｃｏ（ＣＯ）４］＾－络合物离子中Ｍ－ＣＯ的特征吸收峰。     

聚环氧乙烷与聚2—乙烯基吡啶共混物的导电率及高氯酸锂的…

研究了聚环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ）／聚２－乙烯基吡啶（Ｐ２ＶＰ）的共混物分别经ＬｉＣＬＯ４、四氰基代苯醌二甲烷（ＴＣＮＱ）及两者共同掺杂后其共混物的离子、电子及混合导电率，当ＰＥＯ与Ｐ２ＶＰ的重量比分别为６／４、５／５及４／６时，共混物的混合导电率大于相应的离子及电子导电率的总和，呈现协同效应，从共混物外观的研究发现ＬｉＣＬＯ４能作为ＰＥＯ／Ｐ２ＶＰ共混体系的增容剂。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。