The Picard group of the forms of the affine line and of the additive group

We obtain an explicit upper bound on the torsion of the Picard group of the forms of ${\mathbb{A}}_k^1$ and their regular completions. We also obtain a sufficient condition for the Picard group of the forms of ${\mathbb{A}}_k^1$ to be nontrivial and we give examples of nontrivial forms of ${\mathbb{A}}_k^1$ with trivial Picard groups.     

Determinacy of refinements to the difference hierarchy of co-analytic sets

In this paper we develop a technique for proving determinacy of classes of the form ${\omega }^2\text{-}{\mathrm{\Pi }}_1^1+\mathrm{\Gamma }$ (a refinement of the difference hierarchy on ${\mathrm{\Pi }}_1^1$ lying between ${\omega }^2\text{-}{\mathrm{\Pi }}_1^1$ and $({\omega }^2+1)\text{-}{\mathrm{\Pi }}_1^1$) from weak principles, establishing upper bounds for the determinacy-strength of the classes ${\omega }^2\text{-}{\mathrm{\Pi }}_1^1+{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{\alpha }^0$ for all computable α and of ${\omega }^2\text{-}{\mathrm{\Pi }}_1^1+{{\mathrm{\Delta }}^1}_1$. This bridges the gap between previously known hypotheses implying determinacy in this region.     

Three new results on continuation criteria for the 3D relativistic Vlasov–Maxwell system

We consider continuation criteria for the three-dimensional relativistic Vlasov–Maxwell system. When the particle density, $f(t,x,p)$, is compactly supported at $t=0$, we prove ${6p_0^{\frac{18}{5r}?1+\beta }f6}_{L_t^{\infty }{L}_x^r{L}_p^1}?1$, where $1\le r\le 2$ and $\beta >0$ is arbitrarily small, is a continuation criteria. Our continuation criteria is an improvement in the $1\le r\le 2$ range to the previously best known criteria ${6p_0^{\frac{4}{r}?1+\beta }f6}_{L_t^{\infty }{L}_x^r{L^1}_p}?1$ due to Kunze [7]. We also consider continuation criteria when $f(0,x,p)$ has noncompact support. In this regime, Luk–Strain [9] proved that ${6p_0^{\theta }f6}_{L_x^1{L}_p^1}?1$ is a continuation criteria for $\theta >5$. We improve this result to $\theta >3$. Finally, we build on another result by Luk–Strain [8]. The authors proved boundedness of momentum support on a fixed two-dimensional plane is a sufficient continuation criteria. We prove the same result even if the plane varies continuously in time.     

A cohomological study of local rings of embedding codepth 3

The generating series of the Bass numbers ${\mu }_R^i={\mathrm{rank}}_k{\mathrm{Ext}}_R^i(k,R)$ of local rings $R$ with residue field $k$ are computed in closed rational form, in case the embedding dimension $e$ of $R$ and its depth $d$ satisfy $e?d\le 3$. For each such $R$ it is proved that there is a real number $\gamma >1$, such that ${\mu }_R^{d+i}\ge \gamma {\mu }_R^{d+i?1}$ holds for all $i\ge 0$, except for $i=2$ in two explicitly described cases, where ${\mu }_R^{d+2}={\mu }_R^{d+1}=2$. New restrictions are obtained on the multiplicative structures of minimal free resolutions of length 3 over regular local rings.     

On two Diophantine inequalities over primes

Let $1<c<37∕18,c\ne 2$ and $N$ be a sufficiently large real number. In this paper, we prove that, for almost all $R\in (N,2N]$, the Diophantine inequality $|p_1^c+p_2^c+p_3^c?R|<{log}^{?1}N$ is solvable in primes $p_1,p_2,p_3$. Moreover, we also investigate the problem of six primes and prove that the Diophantine inequality $|p_1^c+p_2^c+p_3^c+p_4^c+p_5^c+p_6^c?N|<{log}^{?1}N$ is solvable in primes $p_1,p_2,p_3,p_4,p_5,p_6$ for sufficiently large real number $N$.     

The multipartite Ramsey number for the 3-path of length three

We study the Ramsey number for the 3-uniform loose path of length three, $P_3^3$, and $n$ colors. We show that $R(P_3^3;n)\le {\lambda }_{0}n+7\sqrt{n}$, for some explicit constant ${\lambda }_0=1.97466\dots$.     

Definable E0 classes at arbitrary projective levels

Using a modification of the invariant Jensen forcing of [11], we define a model of ZFC, in which, for a given $n\ge 3$, there exists a lightface ${\Pi }_n^1$-set of reals, which is a ${\mathsf{E}}_0$-equivalence class, hence a countable set, and which does not contain any OD element, while every non-empty countable ${\Sigma }_n^1$-set of reals is constructible, hence contains only OD reals.