Involvement of central noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine system in the antidepressant activity of fruits of Solanum torvum (Solanaceae)

The methanolic extract (ME) of Solanum torvum seeds and its ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) were investigated for their antidepressant activity using behavioral (forced swim test, FST and tail suspension test, TST) and biochemical (monoamine oxidase, MAO reduced activity) tests. ME (10, 30 and 100?mg?kg(-1)) and EAF (10 and 30?mg?kg(-1)) dose dependently inhibited the immobility period, increased noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine levels and inhibited the MAO enzymes in FST and TST using mice. Furthermore, we have observed antagonism between the threshold dose of ME (30 and 100?mg?kg(-1)) and EAF (10 and 30?mg?kg(-1)) with antagonists on behaviour mediated by neurotransmitters noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine. MAO-A inhibition was more prominent as compared to MAO-B inhibition. The study provides evidence for antidepressant actions of S. torvum.     

Studies on the constituents of solanaceous plants. (46). Steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Solanum anguivi

Three new glycosides named anguiviosides A-C were isolated from the fruits of Solanum anguivi and characterized as follows:3-O-beta-chacotrioside (1), 3-O-[4-O-maloyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyra nosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)]-beta-D-+ ++glucopyranoide (3), of (25R,26R)-spirost-5-en-3beta,26-diol.     

Cucurbitane glycosides from unripe fruits of Lo Han Kuo (Siraitia grosvenori)

From the unripe fruits of Lo Han Kuo (Siraitia grosvenori), a Chinese medicinal plant, two new cucurbitane triterpene glycosides, 20-hydroxy-11-oxomogroside IA(1) (1) and 11-oxomogroside IIE (2), were isolated along with five known cucurbitane glycosides, 11-oxomogroside IA(1) (3), mogroside IIE (4), mogroside III (5), mogroside IVA (6), and mogroside V (7), and two flavonoid glycosides, kaempferol 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (8) and kaempferol 3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (9). Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed analyses of 1D, 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods and by comparing with literature values. This paper describes the first investigation of unripe bitter Lo Han Kuo fruits.     

(2-Nitro ethyl)phenyl and cyanophenyl glycosides from the fruits of Diploclisia glaucescens

Chemical investigation of polar fractions of the methanol extract of the fruits of Diploclisia glaucescens of the family Menispermaceae furnished two new phenyl glycosides, 4-(2-nitroethyl)phenyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(l approximately 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 4-cyanophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(l approximately 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside.     

Steroidal glycosides from the underground parts of Solanum sodomaeum

A new steroidal glycoside has been isolated from the underground parts of Solanum sodomaeum L., along with seven known steroidal glycosides. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence, and the structure of one known pregnane type glycoside was corrected. In addition, their antiproliferative activity against human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells was investigated, and five compounds exhibited stronger activity than cisplatin.     

Cucurbitane glycosides from unripe fruits of Siraitia grosvenori

Studies on the constituents of the unripe fruits of Siraitia grosvenori led to the isolation of three new cucurbitane triterpene glycosides, 11-oxomogroside III (10), 11-dehydroxymogroside III (11), and 11-oxomogroside IV A (12). Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed analyses of 1D, 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods. All of the compounds isolated from the unripe fruits of S. grosvenori were tested for cytotoxic activities against tumor cells, HCT-116 and SMMC-7721.     

Distinction of absolute configuration at C-22 of C-23-hydroxyspirostane and C-23-hydroxyspirosolane glycosides

It has been revealed that the absolute configurations at C-22 of 23-hydroxyspirostane and 23-hydroxyspirosolane could be unambiguouly judged by the (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectroscopies.     

Synthesis of (22S, 23S)-homobrassinolide and brassinolide from stigmasterol

(22S, 23S)-Homobrassinolide (2α, 3α, 22S, 23S-tetrahydroxy-24S-etyl-B-homo-7-oxa-5α-cholestan-6-one) and brassinolide (2α, 3α 22R, 23R-tetrahydroxy-24S-methyl-B-homo-7-oxa-5α-cholestan-6-one) were synthesized from stigmasterol and shown to promote plant growth.     

Myrseguinosides A-E, five new glycosides from the fruits of Myrsine seguinii

Chemical investigation of the 1-BuOH soluble fraction of the dried fruits of Myrsine seguinii (Myrsinaceae) led to the isolation of five new glycosides, named myrseguinosides A-E (1-5), together with eight known compounds (6-13). The absolute structures of the new glycosides were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analyses to be a monoterpene glucoside (1), two flavonol glycosides (2, 3), and two oleanane-type triterpene saponins (4, 5). Myrseguinosides B (2), D (4), and E (5) exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and growth inhibitory activity toward human cancer cells, respectively.     

Three new glycosides from Sinopodophyllum emodi (Wall.) Ying.

Tow new aryltetralin-type lignan glycosides: methyl epipodophyllate 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and a new phenyl ethanol glycoside: phenyl ethanol 4-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), along with three known compounds: junipetriolosides (4), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl ethanol (5), and 4-hydroxy-phenyl ethanol (6) were isolated and identified from the n-butanol extract of the roots and rhizomes of Sinopodophyllum emodi (Wall.) Ying. The structures of the above were established by means of spectral data and chemical methods.     

Structure and stereochemistry of the higher bile acid isolated from turtle bile: (22S,25R)-3 alpha,12 alpha,15 alpha,22-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid

The structure and stereochemistry of the higher bile acid, tetrahydroxyisosterocholanic acid (TISA), which was previously isolated from the bile of Amyda japonica (turtle) and proposed as a tetrahydroxyisosterocholanic acid, have been established as (22S,25R)-3 alpha,12 alpha,15 alpha,22-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid by X-ray crystallographic analysis of its ethyl ester.     

Steroid glycosides from the starfishSolaster dawsoni (Verrill)

Two novel glycosides from the starfishSolaster dawsoni (Verrill) have been isolated and characterized: 24-O-(-D-xylopyranosyl)-5-cholestane-3,6,15,24,26-pentaol (solasteroside S₁) and (24R)-29-O-[-D-galactofuranosyl-(16)--D-galactofuranosyl]-24-ethyl-5-cholestane-3, 6,8,15,16,29-hexaol (solasteroside S₂).Translated fromIzvestiya Akademu Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 980–982, May, 1993.     

Studies on steroidal plant-growth regulators (XVII)--a new synthesis of homobrassinolide and (22S, 23S)-22, 23-epi-homobrassinolide

Homobrassinolide (2) and (22S, 23S)-22,23-epi-homobrassinolide (4) were synthesized from stigmasterol in seven steps respectively in 4.7% and 24.1% overall yields. The ratio of 2 to 4 is 1:5. The key step is the highly regioselective formation of the B-homo-7-oxa-lactone ring by oxidation of an enol silyl ether with 3-chloro-peroxybenzoic acid.     

Three new nortriterpene glycosides and two new triterpene glycosides from the bulbs of Scilla scilloides

Three new norlanostane-type triterpene glycosides, scillanostasides A, B, and C, and two new lanostane-type triterpene glycosides, scillanostasides D and E, were isolated from the bulbs of Scilla scilloides Druce (Liliaceae) along with one known norlanostane-type triterpene heptaglycoside, scillascilloside G-1. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence.     

Three new steroidal glycosides from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum

Three new steroidal glycosides, cyanoauriculosides F, G and H (1-3), were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum (Asclepiadaceae) along with two known steroidal derivatives. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods, their structures were identified as 20-O-acetyl-8,14-seco-penupogenin-8-one 3-O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (1), 2',3'-Z-gagaminine 3-O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaro-pyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (2), 17-O-acetyl-kidjoranin 3-O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-cymaro-pyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-digitoxopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-digitoxopyranoside (3), gagaminine 3-O-α-L-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-digino-pyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (4) and wilfoside D1N (5).     

Three new caffeoyl glycosides from the roots of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora

From the underground parts of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora, three new caffeoyl glycosides, scrocaffeside A-C (1-3), together with two caffeic acid derivates, 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl caffeic acid (4) and 4-methoxy caffeic acid (5) and a phenylethanoid glycoside, scroside D (6), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence and comparisons with literature data of related compounds.     

Three new phenolic glycosides from the caulis of Millettia speciosa

Three new phenolic glycosides, millettiaspecosides A--C (1-3), were isolated from the caulis of Millettia speciosa along with three known phenolic glycosides, khaephuoside B (4), seguinoside K (5), albibrissinoside B (6). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. The spectral analysis permitted correct assignments for (1)H and (13)C NMR data of compounds 4 and 5.