Two-Frequency Mutual Coherence Function of Millimeter Wave in Rain

In this paper, the general formulations of two-frequency mutual coherence function, , for a pulse wave propagating in random discrete media are summarized. The relations of the amplitudes and phases of the to _d are given by Ishimaru et al, based on average particle in cloud and rain. In practice, since the particles sizes in random discrete media are in a size distribution spectrum, the ought to be derived from a particles size distribution. Based on an approximately solution, we describe these examples of millimeter waves (94, 220GHz) pulse propagating in rain and show that the 's amplitudes and phases obvious varies as rainfall and frequency. For a kind of rain, considering raindrops size distribution and average raindrop size, respectively, the 's amplitudes and phases are calculated. The numerical results show that the differences between the results calculated by raindrops size spectrum and by average size are remarkable, especially for heavy rainfall. Therefore, It is shown that the calculated by a particles size distribution is more reasonable than by average size. For the numerical analyses, particles size distribution ought to be adopted. This study is important for us to provide adequate bandwidths to achieve high-rate pulse communications and improve MMW radar system performances and atmospheric remote-sensing techniques.     

Lasers for ICF with a Controllable Function of Mutual Coherence of Radiation

The current status of laser thermonuclear fusion research in the leading world scientific centers is characterized by the development of superhigh-power multi-channel laser facilities of megajoule pulse-energy level. The development of such laser installations operating in the pulse-repetition mode with a large number of laser beams, which are necessary for high-symmetry irradiation of a spherical thermonuclear target, is an extremely difficult physical and engineering problem. The concept of a special laser with a controllable function of mutual coherence of radiation is proposed. The studies performed demonstrate that a laser based on such a principle has a number of advantages as compared to the conventional schemes of lasers. In particular, the optical scheme of the laser is significantly simplified, and the cost of the output-energy unit is reduced by several times. The influence of radiation coherence on the homogeneity of the thermonuclear target irradiation is analyzed. The feasibility of suppressing the small-scale self-focusing without application of spatial filtration is shown. A module of the laser facility has been triggered to check the validity of the principles proposed for constructing a laser driver for power stations, and the first experimental results are reported. The possibility of controlling the coherence of laser beams used in ICF experiments without violation of the laser--target system matching is demonstrated, as well as controlling the distribution of the laser radiation intensity in the lens focus.     

Optical Coherence Tomography System based on Synthesis of Optica Coherence Function with a Wavelength-Scanning Laser Source

A new optical coherence tomography system using a wavelength-scanning laser source is presented. The system has the advantage that the depth resolution can be controlled by the scanning range. In general, rapid scanning of the wavelength varies the output power of the laser source, and it is difficult to detect a weak signal of reflected light from the scattering object. By synchronizing the intensity-integrated detector with the variation, the dynamic range of the detection has been improved. To confirm the performance, tomographic imaging of biological tissues is demonstrated.     

White-Noise and Geometrical OpticsLimits of Wigner–Moyal Equation for Beam Waves in Turbulent Media II: Two-Frequency Formulation

We introduce two-frequency Wigner distribution in the setting of parabolic approximation to study the scaling limits of the wave propagation in a turbulent medium at two different frequencies. We show that the two-frequency Wigner distribution satisfies a closed-form equation (the two-frequency Wigner–Moyal equation). In the white-noise limit we show the convergence of weak solutions of the two-frequency Wigner–Moyal equation to a Markovian model and thus prove rigorously the Markovian approximation with power-spectral densities widely used in the physics literature. We also prove the convergence of the simultaneous geometrical optics limit whose mean field equation has a simple, universal form and is exactly solvable     

Proposal for Efficiency Enhancement of a Far Infrared Free Electron Laser

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Measurement for Scattering Media by Synthesis of Optical Coherence Function with Super-Structure Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser Diode

The application of the technique of synthesis of optical coherence function for detection in scattering media is investigated. By modulating the optical frequency, the technique synthesizes the coherence function into a delta-function-like peak at an arbitrary location, and thus can select interferometrically the information at that location. The location is adjustable by the modulation parameter or additional phase modulation. A multi-section super-structure grating distributed Bragg reflector laser diode (SSG-DBR-LD) of THz-order tunable range is employed to enhance the spatial resolution for suppressing the multiple scattering from locations other than that detected. In a preliminary experimental demonstration, a reflectometry of 550 μm spatial resolution was achieved and was used to detect scattering media.     

Optical Information Processing by Synthesis of the Coherence Function–Selective Masking of 2-D Information by Synthesis of Notch-Shaped Coherence Function–

We have proposed an optical information processing system adopting synthesis of the optical coherence function by using direct frequency-modulation of a laser diode.1’ Optical coherence function having notch shape is discussed theoretically and experimentally. Applying the notch shaped coherence function to this system, to mask selectively a two-dimensional (2-D) information from a three-dimensional (3-D) object can be carried out. After showing the experimental results on selective masking, the performance deterioration factors are discussed in detail.     

非球面系统中高斯光束传输的数值计算

高斯光束的理论公式从整体上描述了光束的传输特性,但并没有描述光束内每一光子的传播行为。基于高斯光束的单叶双曲面特性,建立了一个新的高斯光束光子传输模型。该模型将高斯光束视为由无数个共轴单叶双曲面构成的双曲线体,光子传播方向是在过该光子初始发射点的双曲面的两条直母线中等概率选择。基于该模型,通过计算大量光子经光学系统的传播轨迹可获得高斯光束的几何构形、光强分布、光子光程分布及其传播方向。对实际非球面光学系统的计算结果充分验证了该方法可全面、准确地模拟高斯光束的传输特性,且数值计算效率高。     

用微波调制的半导体激光观测^8^7Rb超精细能级的相干共振

用微波调制的半导体激光泵浦８７Ｒｂ汽泡室原子，直接观察到其基态超精细能级间△ｍＦ＝０、±１和±２的能级相干共振信号，其中Ｏ－Ｏ（Ｆ＝２，ｍＦ＝０）能级相干共振信号可用作原子钟的参考标准．     

飞秒光脉冲在光子晶体光纤不同色散区产生超连续谱的数值分析

采用预测校正分步傅里叶方法数值模拟了飞秒光脉冲在光子晶体光纤中的非线性传输和超连续谱产生,分析了初始光脉冲的中心波长、峰值功率和光纤长度在光子晶体光纤正、反常色散区对超连续谱形状和带宽的影响。结果表明,当初始光脉冲的中心波长在光纤的反常色散区时,产生的超连续谱宽要远宽于正常色散区,但是光谱的平坦性较差;当光脉冲中心波长在靠近零色散波长的反常色散区且其他脉冲参数不变的情况下,存在一个产生宽且平坦的超连续谱的最佳峰值功率和最佳光纤长度。对于超连续谱系统的优化设计与实际应用具有参考意义。     

Radiation Polarization Distribution Function of a Dye Laser

The Fokker–Planck equation for the distribution function of the intensity of an individual component has been solved in the approximation of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process within the framework of the formalism of the method of polarization components. Based on this solution, we have constructed the distribution functions of the degree of lasing radiation polarization, analyzed experimental data for a certain geometry of laser pumping, and determined the values of the distribution parameters, including the loss coefficients for the polarization component.     

半导体光放大光纤环形激光器的偏振混沌与相干性

研究了基于半导体光放大器(SOA)的光纤环形激光器的偏振混沌光的特性及其相干性。实验采集激光器的输出功率和偏振度,得到了基于半导体光放大器的光纤环形激光器的输出从自发辐射到受激辐射、再到偏振态混沌激光辐射的演化过程。利用马赫-曾德尔(M-Z)干涉仪验证了混沌激光的相干性,并发现混沌干涉只有零级。测量不同光程差时干涉仪的输出功率,计算相应的干涉条纹可见度,进一步算得混沌激光的相干时间约为40 ps。这一结果与根据光谱计算的该混沌激光的相干时间43 ps基本一致。实验还测得该混沌激光的相干性与半导体光放大器的电流无关。并指出了混沌激光相干应用于低相干光源探测领域的灵敏度和分辨力优势。     

基于双向反射函数的水下激光引信回波仿真方法

针对鱼雷激光近炸引信探测水下近场目标的需求,开展了水下激光引信回波蒙特卡洛仿真方法研究.结合水下激光引信探测特点建立水下目标回波的蒙特卡洛仿真模型.为了提高水中非朗伯目标表面回波仿真的准确度,推导了基于双向反射函数的光子反射方向概率分布,根据概率分布随机抽样光子反射方向.仿真了不同距离和入射角度条件下的水中目标回波信号.仿真结果表明:目标回波幅度随目标距离和入射角度的增大迅速下降,目标距离在6~12m内变化时,信号峰值动态范围为11.5dB;目标距离为8m,激光入射角在0~45°内变化时,信号峰值动态范围为9.2dB.为验证仿真方法的正确性,在水池中进行水中目标蓝绿激光探测实验,实验结果和仿真结果一致.研究成果可为解决传统蒙特卡洛方法在水中非朗伯面目标回波仿真中的适用性问题及水下激光引信优化设计提供参考.     

激光束在大气中长距离传输聚焦特性的研究

研究了大气湍流与热晕对于几种不同波长激光束的的长距离传输聚焦特性的影响。光束质量与光束漂值的理论与实验值基本一致。     

红外地球敏感器扫描镜摆角激光动态测试方法

为解决扫描镜摆角实时动态非接触测量问题,基于激光检测技术和CCD探测技术,提出一种红外地球敏感器扫描镜摆角激光动态测试方法,并研制了扫描镜摆角动态测试系统,其可实现扫描镜的摆动频率、零位角、幅值、峰峰值平均等参量的动静态激光非接触测量。介绍了系统的组成和总体结构,着重对扫描镜摆角动态测量理论和大视场、大相对孔径特殊线性扫描光学系统的设计方法进行了分析与探讨,通过建立系统的数学模型,解决了测量数据误差修正与图形处理问题。对测量系统的精度进行了验证,结果表明系统的摆角测量范围为0~±12°,分辨力为0.01°,动静态测量精度优于±0.04°。     

多模气体激光纵模线型函数及其频宽的实验观测

本文根据多模激光时间相干性ｇ（１）（τ）的准周期性特点，提出了一种观测多模激光纵模线型函数及其频宽的新方法－程差２ｋＬ法。文章介绍了测量原理与方法，并以双模Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器为例，给出了相应的实验结果，研究表明，多模气体激光的纵模线型函数为洛仑兹（Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ）线型函数，相应的纵模频宽约为１０＾７Ｈｚ。     

Bimodal Nanoparticle Size Distributions Produced by Laser Ablation of Microparticles in Aerosols

Silver nanoparticles were produced by laser ablation of a continuously flowing aerosol of microparticles in nitrogen at varying laser fluences. Transmission electron micrographs were analyzed to determine the effect of laser fluence on the nanoparticle size distribution. These distributions exhibited bimodality with a large number of particles in a mode at small sizes (3–6-nm) and a second, less populated mode at larger sizes (11–16-nm). Both modes shifted to larger sizes with increasing laser fluence, with the small size mode shifting by 35% and the larger size mode by 25% over a fluence range of 0.3–4.2-J/cm². Size histograms for each mode were found to be well represented by log-normal distributions. The distribution of mass displayed a striking shift from the large to the small size mode with increasing laser fluence. These results are discussed in terms of a model of nanoparticle formation from two distinct laser–solid interactions. Initially, laser vaporization of material from the surface leads to condensation of nanoparticles in the ambient gas. Material evaporation occurs until the plasma breakdown threshold of the microparticles is reached, generating a shock wave that propagates through the remaining material. Rapid condensation of the vapor in the low-pressure region occurs behind the traveling shock wave. Measurement of particle size distributions versus gas pressure in the ablation region, as well as, versus microparticle feedstock size confirmed the assignment of the larger size mode to surface-vaporization and the smaller size mode to shock-formed nanoparticles.     

空间激光通信中光强起伏尺度特征的数值分析

利用数值模拟的方法,定量地计算分析了空间激光通信中光强起伏问题,得到了准直光束与聚焦光束光强起伏相关距离（不均匀元半径）随大气相十长度变化的结果;进而分别从接收效率和性价比等不同的角度对激光通信系统接收孔径选取的参考因素进行了探讨。根据现代光通信对误码率的最低要求定义最佳接收孔径,计算分析了聚焦光束空间激光通信系统最佳接收孔径随大气相干长度r0的变化关系。结果表明,最佳接收孔径随大气相干长度的减小而迅速增大。对于聚集光束空间激光通信而言,在大气相干长度ro约为4cm的强湍流效应情况下,通信系统的接收孔径接近5倍艾里斑直径,才能满足国际电信联盟-电信标准部对光通信的最低要求。     

用数值方法分析微孔激光器出射光的近场特性

微孔激光器作为应用于近场光信息存储系统中的一种新型光源,它的出射光斑的近场特性对于近场光存储是十分重要的。针对纳米孔径运用角谱进行Fox-Li数值迭代,得到不同孔径微孔激光器的基模光强分布,然后运用二维非线性时域有限差分法分析微孔激光器出射端即微孔金属膜的近场光学性质,模拟计算了不同孔径和厚度的微孔金属膜的光强近场分布,从应用于近场光存储的角度,给出反映其近场光学特性的相关数据。发现由于TM模式下金属存在局域表面等离子增强效应,使得其出射强度比TE模式高一个数量级,从而更适于作为实际中近场光存储系统和原理试验的光学头。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱分析技术在预防医学领域的应用

本文从环境污染、生命科学、应用开发及最新红外分析方法四方面阐述了傅里叶变换红外光谱分析技术在预防医学领域的具体应用：在环境污染领域主要叙述了气红联用（GC/FTIR）技术在环境复杂有机污染体系分析中的优势、局限性及解决途径;在生命科学领域主要叙述了红外光谱分析技术在蛋白质二级结构、膜蛋白、脂、核酸及细胞、组织等复杂体系研究中的具体应用;另外,还介绍了的红外光谱分析技术在食品、化妆品及保健药品等领域的具体应用及几种最新红外分析方法。