外循环式耐硫甲烷化反应器分析

建立了耐硫甲烷化循环式反应器的拟均相一维模型，考察了床层直径，循环比，入口气体温度及压力和温度范围对反应器操作的影响，结果表明：循环比和温度操作范围是反应器操作的决定因素，对日产５万标准立方煤气的反应器进行了优化设计分析。     

外冷列管式耐硫煤气甲烷化反应器分析

使用Ｃｒａｎｋ－Ｎｉｃｏｌｓｏｎ隐格式差分法求解耐硫甲烷化固定床反应器的二维拟均相模型，通过模拟分析，考究管径、管数、反应气入口状态（压力、温度）、溶盐流量及入口温度对反应器操作的影响。对５万Ｎｍ＾３／ｄ煤气的反应器进行优化设计分析，为该工指导。     

丙烯腈尾气协同脱除多段组合催化动力学研究及CFD模拟

本文通过筛选出几种适用于不同气体脱除的最佳催化剂及明确催化剂最优组合顺序,采用固定床微型反应器进行丙烯腈尾气催化燃烧试验考察,获得本征动力学数据,并对动力学数据的可靠性进行计算验证;采用CFD数值模拟软件建立多孔介质二维数学模型,在实际工业废气条件下,对废气组分催化燃烧反应进行模拟,分析操作参数对废气催化燃烧特性的影响.通过模拟获得丙烯腈尾气脱除的最佳操作条件(流速:30000 h~(-1),入口温度:623 K,组分摩尔比:10:1,催化剂床层孔隙率:～0.7);在该最佳操作条件下,对两段式催化反应器进行模拟,得到了压降和绝热温升等反应器参数.     

INVERSE RESPONSE BEHAVIOR OF FIXED-BED REACTOR IN A FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS

研究了固定床ＦＴ合成反应器中的动态响应行为。主要研究了当反应器进口气体温度突降后床层中出现的逆响应现象，并探讨了水煤气变换副反应对固定床ＦＴ合成反应器逆响应行为的影响。     

固定床天然气与煤共气化火焰区温度影响因素的研究

用实验室固定床反应器模拟合成气制备炉，考察了该工艺中不同因素对火焰区温度的影响。实验中首先确定了使火焰区温度最低时的甲烷和氧气相对入口位置，然后在此条件下分别考察了进料中H2O/O2和CH4/O2摩尔比变化对火焰区温度的影响。结果表明，甲烷和氧气相对入口位置平齐时火焰区温度最低，火焰区温度均随进料中CH4/O2和H2O/O2摩尔比的增大而降低。     

操作条件对熔盐萃取槽内两相流动特性的影响研究

本文针对乏燃料干法后处理熔盐萃取槽开展了高温LiCl-KCl熔盐和金属镉的液-液两相搅拌流动数值模拟研究。基于FLUENT中的κ-ωSST模型,采用四叶锚式搅拌桨对比了搅拌桨转速(6种条件)和两相入口速度(各5种条件)对搅拌混合和两相分离的影响,同时考察了其功率消耗。结果表明,在本研究范围内(搅拌转速50rpm～175rpm,两相入口流速0.1m·s^-1～1.5 m·s^-1),搅拌转速越大萃取槽内两相混合越充分,125rpm～150rpm为推荐转速值;熔盐入口流速越大萃取槽内两相混合和分离越差,在0.25 m·s^-1～0.5 m·s^-1之间效果较好;金属镉入口流速在0.5 m·s^-1时两相混合和分离较理想。本文可为熔盐萃取槽的设计和操作条件的改进提供参考。     

熔盐法制备结晶二氧化硅粉体

以硅酸四乙酯为原料,氯化钠和氯化钾为助熔剂和催化剂,采用熔盐辅助法制备了系列结晶二氧化硅粉体,其结构经XRD和SEM表征。研究了工艺参数对其性能的影响。结果表明:反应温度和熔盐组成对其结晶性和微观形貌具有显著影响。     

我国煤加氢热解研究—Ⅲ.神府煤加氢,催化加氢及H2—CH4气氛下热解的研究

本文在５ｇ固定床反应器中对神府榆家梁煤的加氢，ＭｏＳ２催化加氢及模拟焦炉气下的热解进行了研究，反应温度７９３－９７３Ｋ，压力０．１－１５ＭＰａ，升温速率５Ｋ／ｓ。实验结果表明，由于煤加氢热解反应受传控制，因此，不同反应器与工艺参数对热解反应影响很大；热解产物的焦油／气体收率比值可较好反映氢的有效利用率；高温和高压有利于煤加氢气化反应，导致氢耗增加，氢有效利用率下降；催化剂的存在不仅促进加氢反应，而     

熔盐电导的多维键参数分析

本文用模式识别－人工神经网络结合化学键参数法，总结熔盐电导的半经验规律，在此基础上讨论了熔盐电导的主要影响因素及电导机理。     

废弃生物质在超临界水中转化制氢过程的研究

以废弃生物质转化为富氢气体为目的，使用间歇式超临界水反应器，在反应温度773 K～923 K、压力15.5 MPa～34.5 MPa停留时间1 min～30 min和Ca/C摩尔比0～0.56范围内，对木屑在超临界水条件下生成的气体组成及产率进行了考察。实验表明，Ca/C摩尔比和温度对木屑转化的影响较大。当Ca/C摩尔比为0.48时，碳的气体转化率和氢气产率提高了近一倍。温度从773 K提高到923 K，碳的气体转化率由47％提高到76％，氢气产率由4.5 mmol/g上升到6.9 mmol/g。与温度相比，停留时间和压力的影响不大。     

Reactor physic and reprocessing scheme for innovative molten salt reactor system

The molten salt reactor is one of the six concepts retained by the Generation IV forum in 2001. Based on the MSRE and MSBR concepts developed by ORNL in the 60s which involve a liquid fuel constituted of fluorine molten salt at a temperature close to 600 °C, new developments with innovative approach and technology have been realized which contribute to strongly improve the concept. The thorium breeder potentiality is closely related to the use of a liquid fuel which is able to be periodically treated. A reprocessing scheme has been established to treat used fuel by extraction of fission products. According to the Gen IV philosophy for closed cycle nuclear reactor, the actinides are sent back in the reactor core. In this way, the wastes radiotoxicity is strongly decreased and the use of natural resource is optimized. This paper describes an innovative reactor concept, the TMSR-NM (non-moderated thorium molten salt reactor), from the nuclear physic point of view and the different steps involving in the reprocessing scheme from the chemical point of view.     

临CO_2气氛下钼基催化剂耐硫甲烷化性能研究

在反应温度550℃、空速5 000 h~(-1)和1.2%H_2S浓度下,考察了反应气中添加CO_2对负载型Mo基催化剂甲烷化活性的影响。结果表明,添加CO_2会促进逆水煤气变换反应,从而降低Mo O_3/Al2O_3催化剂的耐硫甲烷化活性。与Mo O_3/Al2O_3催化剂相比,添加CO_2对铈铝复合载体负载的Co-Mo双组分催化剂的影响较小。通过表征发现,添加CO_2引起催化剂活性下降的主要原因是由于其增强了逆水煤气变换反应过程,使甲烷化过程可用氢气量减小。另外,逆水煤气变换反应生成的水会影响催化剂表面结构和组成。在连续加入10%CO_220 h后停止加入CO_2,催化剂的耐硫甲烷化活性可以得到恢复,因此,认为CO_2加入量低于10%时,对催化剂及甲烷化反应的影响是可逆的;但CO_2加入量大于10%后由于生成的水量增大会破坏催化剂的结构并减少活性位,从而造成催化剂的不可逆失活。     

Methanation catalytic reactor

Storing renewable electricity in a natural gas grid is a new approach for seasonal storage. Using the existing natural gas infrastructure, a chemical energy source (methane) is stored efficiently, distributed and made available for use as required. Thus, the main step in the storage process is CO methanation. Modelling of an isothermal methanation catalytic reactor based on a kinetic scheme was carried out with Aspen plus™ software in a temperature range between 520 and 600 K and a H₂/CO molar ratio of 3, in the presence of CO₂ and steam. The model was validated by comparing simulation results with experimental ones. The maximum relative error is 10.87%. The effects of temperature, pressure and CO₂ addition in feed gas (syngas) on CO conversion and the outlet gas composition were carefully investigated.     

惰气熔融-红外光谱法测定7LiF中的氧含量

7LiF是制备熔盐堆冷却剂7LiF-BeF2熔盐的基础原材料,其杂质含量的多少与熔盐纯度及应用性能直接相关。采用惰气熔融-红外吸收法,建立了熔盐堆用7LiF中杂质氧含量测定的新方法。考察了不同助熔剂和加热功率等条件对7LiF中氧含量的影响,找到了较好的 7LiF中氧含量测定方法。在分析功率为2200W,用银舟做助熔剂,称样量为0.1 g的条件下对7LiF试样进行了测定,氧的相对标准偏差为2.9%;加标回收率为103-110%。结果表明,本测定方法易操作,速度快,能满足7LiF生产过程中的质量控制要求,为第四代先进核能反应堆用7LiF规模化制备提供了有力的技术支持。     

FLiNaK熔盐中微量氧的测定

FLiNaK熔盐作为一种比较成熟的高温热载体,价格便宜、热稳定性好,可用作高温熔盐堆二回路冷却剂及太阳能传热蓄热介质。氧的存在对于熔盐堆安全运行存在多方面威胁,如降低核燃料的溶解度、氧化铀缓慢地发生沉淀进而造成燃料回路局部过热。然而,对于熔盐中氧含量的测定,目前还没有一个统一、通用的测定方法。基于氧分析仪(惰气熔融红外光谱法)在钢、铁、氧含量测定中的应用,建立了一个测定FLiNaK熔盐中氧含量的方法。针对FLiNaK熔盐的特性,选择了合适的包裹容器,确定了测定的裂解功率为2 800 W,方法测定熔盐中氧含量相对标准偏差为3.1%,加标回收率为85%~101%。     

Direct and selective methanation of biomass via oxygenvacancy‐mediated catalysis

正Producing biofuels from renewable biomass resources is considered to be an effective way to reduce carbon emissions and is helpful for establishing sustainable society [1]. Bio‐methane (CH4) is a promising and available clean energy in the future owing to its properties such as high calorific values, low carbon emissions and full miscibility and interchangeability with natural gas or shale gas. Therefore, the production of me‐thane directly from waste biomass resources like straw is highly attractive. However, because of the robustness and vari‐ety of C–C bonds and C–O bonds existing in biomass molecules,it is very difficult to achieve high‐selective methanation of bio‐     

CO selective methanation in hydrogen-rich gas mixtures over carbon nanotube supported Ru-based catalysts

Series of carbon nanotube supported Ru-based catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and applied successfully for complete removal of CO by CO selective methanation from H2-rich gas stream conducted in a fixed-bed quartz tubular reactor at ambient pressure.It was found that the metal promoter,reduction temperature and metal loading affected the catalytic properties significantly.The most excellent performance was presented by 30 wt% Ru-Zr/CNTs catalyst reduced at 350℃.Since it decreased CO concentration to below 10ppm from 12000ppm by CO selective methanation at the temperature range of 180-240℃,and kept CO selectivity higher than 85% at the temperature below 200℃.Characterization using XRD,TEM,H2-TPR and XPS suggests that Zr modification of Ru/CNTs results in the weakening of the interaction between Ru and CNTs,a higher Ru dispersion and the oxidization of surface Ru.Amorphous and high dispersed Ru particles with small size were obtained for 30 wt% Ru-Zr/CNTs catalyst reduced at 350℃,leading to excellent catalytic performance in CO selective methanation.     

熔融盐对生物质粗燃气的组分调整实验研究

在固定床装置中进行了熔融盐对生物质粗燃气组分调整实验,考察了反应温度、静液高度和表观气速对熔融盐中出口气体组分、NaOH消耗率、熔融盐饱和吸收时间的影响。结果表明,400!600℃下,熔融盐中NaOH消耗率随温度的升高由59%升至83%,且单位质量熔融盐处理粗合成气量随温度的升高由0.42 m3/kg升至0.48 m3/kg;气体中CO转化率和出口气体平均H2/CO体积比均随反应温度、静液高度的提高而升高,随表观气速的增加而降低。