离子液体聚合物的研究进展

离子液体聚合物是一类高分子链上至少含有一个离子中心,重复单元与常见离子液体结构类似,具有特殊性能的高分子,应用于诸多领域。本文综述了离子液体聚合物在离子导体、吸附及分离、稳定剂以及催化剂等方面应用的最新研究进展,重点介绍了离子液体聚合物作为离子导体在锂离子电池和染料敏化太阳电池中应用的研究现状,最后展望了离子液体聚合物的发展前景。     

咪唑类离子液体中的有机氧化反应

简要概括了离子液体的种类和特点,重点介绍了咪唑类离子液体中的Baeyer-Villiger、Corey-Chayk-ovsky、醇、芳香烃、烷烃及含硫化合物的氧化反应.指出作为新型绿色溶剂的离子液体具有许多独特的物理化学性质,在多个领域具有重要的应用价值.     

室温离子液体在聚合反应中的应用

室温离子液体作为一种环境友好的“绿色溶剂”,具有很多独特的物理化学性能,可以应用于自由基聚合、阳离子聚合、配位聚合、电化学聚合等反应体系。本文介绍了室温离子液体在上述反应中的应用。     

离子液体在样品预处理中的应用

离子液体具有一些独特的物理和化学性质,作为一种可设计的绿色溶剂被应用于液液萃取、液相微萃取、固相微萃取和膜分离等样品预处理技术中。本文综述了离子液体在样品预处理中应用的研究进展。     

离子液体中的酶催化反应

离子液体作为酶催化反应的介质正越来越多的受到关注,因为与传统有机溶剂和水相比,酶在离子液体中表现出了更好的活性、热稳定性、立体选择性、对映体选择性和可循环性。本文综述了近几年来脂肪酶、氧化还原酶、蛋白酶在离子液体中的催化反应。     

室温离子液体在分离科学研究中的新进展

室温离子液体作为一种重要的绿色溶剂,由于在金属离子、小分子有机物的萃取分离,气体吸附分离以及作为液相和气相色谱固定相等许多分离过程中体现出高分离效率和高选择性的特点,正在成为分离科学研究的前沿领域.着重总结了从2003—2006年的室温离子液体在分离科学领域中的新进展,并对其应用领域和发展前景做了展望.提出进一步加强离子液体的功能化和固定化技术及其在分离科学中的应用基础研究,探索离子液体有效的回收和再循环利用的新方法,是离子液体今后在分离科学研究中的一系列重要内容.     

离子液体应用于电合成导电聚合物*

自20世纪70年代导电聚合物发现以来,聚吡咯、聚苯胺、聚噻吩、聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）、聚对苯及其衍生物等,以其特殊的电子、电化学、光学性质以及巨大应用潜力受到广泛关注。离子液体是一类在室温或接近室温时呈液态的离子化合物,作为一类环境友好的新型绿色溶剂,具有很多独特的物理化学性质。本文综述了离子液体作为反应介质、支持电解质、测试介质以及离子液体参与形成的聚集体,在导电聚合物的电化学合成以及电化学性质测试中的研究进展,并展望了发展趋势。     

咪唑类离子液体的研究进展

咪唑类离子液体以其独特的物理化学性质和在众多领域的巨大应用潜能而引起广泛的关注.本文结合我们的研究工作,对近期国际上关于咪唑类离子液体的气-液和液-液平衡、咪唑类离子液体的表面活性剂行为、传统表面活性剂在咪唑类离子液体中聚集体的形成、表面活性剂/水(油)/咪唑类离子液体三元体系超分子自组装体形成等方面的一些主要研究成果进行了综合评述.在此基础上,提出了进一步开展非传统表面活性剂/离子液体体系超分子自组装体及离子液体结构对聚集体形成、结构、性质影响等研究的设想.     

咪唑类离子液体的合成及其在分析化学中的应用

本文介绍了咪唑类离子液体的合成,特别是以BF4-、PF6-为阴离子的咪唑类离子液体的合成,并重点综述了近年来咪唑类离子液体在电化学分析、质谱、光谱、色谱及毛细管电泳等分析化学中的应用.     

原位聚合制备的离子液体/聚合物电解质的研究

采用原位聚合制备出新型的BMIPF6/PMMA聚合物电解质透明弹性膜. 研究结果表明, BMIPF6/PMMA聚合物电解质体系在305 ℃时仍具有较好的热稳定性, 其安全性能优于含有机溶剂的传统非水电解质体系. 随着离子液体含量的增加, 其玻璃化转变温度逐渐减小, 离子电导率升高; 且离子电导率与温度的关系服从VTF方程. 其中, 当BMIPF6的质量分数为50%时, 该聚合物电解质的室温离子电导率高达0.15 mS/cm.     

Diffusion Coefficients of Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Solutions

Diffusion coefficients of the ionic liquids [C₂MIM][EtSO₄], [C₄MIM][OcSO₄], [C₂MIM][NTf₂] and [C₄MIM][NTf₂] in water at high dilution have been measured using the Taylor dispersion technique. Data on the diffusion coefficients have been obtained for each solute at six temperatures between 288 and 313 K. The data have been fitted by the Arrhenius equation and activation energies of diffusion have been determined. Effective radii of the ionic liquid molecules have also been obtained using the Stokes–Einstein relationship.     

Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2-Dimethyl Imidazolium Ionic Liquids and Their Catalytic Activities

The synthesis of substituted imidazolium-type ionic liquids via a simple method is described. Our synthesized ionic liquids are more useful in the catalytic behavior of the Mannich reaction.     

Advanced Materials Based on Polymers and Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) are ambient temperature molten salts, which have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique properties. In this contribution, we review advanced materials composed of ILs and polymers for the basis of a new design protocol to fabricate novel materials. As electrolytes for electrochemical devices, cross‐linked polymers containing ILs (ion gels) are endowed with functional properties inherited from ILs and mechanical consistency derived from polymers. To create such materials, micro‐phase separation of block copolymers and colloidal arrays in the ILs are utilized. Based on the molecular design of task‐specific ILs, the resultant ion gels are applicable as electrolytes for actuator, fuel cell, and secondary battery applications. Thermo‐ and photo‐responsive polymers in ILs are also highlighted, whereby such stimuli elicit changes in the solubility of the self‐assembly of block copolymers and colloidal arrays in the ILs. Further, thermo‐ and photo‐reversible changes in the self‐assembled structure can be exploited to demonstrate sol‐gel transitions and fabricate photo‐healable materials.     

From Ionic Liquids to Supramolecular Polymers

Charging forward : Ionic interactions presented in a multivalent fashion in small‐molecule ionic liquids lead to functional polymer‐like materials (see picture) that are consistent with the formation of a supramolecular ionic network. For example, the ionic material formed from a dication consisting of two covalently linked tetraalkyl phosphonium moieties and a porphyrin tetracarboxylate has a viscosity of 10⁶ Pa s at 25 °C.

     

多羧基咪唑离子液体的酸性表征

通过电位滴定法测得多羧基咪唑离子液体的离解常数pKa值(25 ℃)在1.43～1.92范围内, 说明多羧基咪唑离子液体酸性接近乙二酸, 比丁二酸以及乙酸强. 由于多羧基咪唑离子液体结构中咪唑环具有较强的吸电子诱导效应, 使多羧基咪唑离子液体具有中等强度的酸性. 三羧基咪唑离子液体酸性比含相同阴离子的二羧基咪唑离子液体酸性强. 阳离子相同、阴离子不同的多羧基咪唑离子液体酸性强弱顺序为: HSO4－ ＞ NO3－ ＞ PF6－ ＞ H2PO4－＞ Cl－、Br－ ＞ CF3CO2－ ＞ BF4－ ＞ CF3SO3－. 同时, 吡啶红外光谱探针法研究表明, 多羧基咪唑离子液体具有Brønsted酸性.     

Synthesis of Multiester-appended and Multicarboxylic-appended Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Currently ionic liquids (ILs) are attracting considerable interest as eco-friendly solventsfor the replacement of volatile organic solvents in organic synthesis and catalysis1.Low-melting ILs based on imidazolium cations have dominated this area over the …     

The Sonogashira Reaction in Ionic Liquids

Summary.  The Sonogashira reaction of iodobenzene with phenylacetylene in several room temperature ionic liquids was studied. A regeneration of the catalytical system immobilized in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF₆) has been also investigated. The reactivity of different iodoarenes with terminal alkynes in [bmim]PF₆ was studied as well. Corresponding author. E-mail: toma@fns.uniba.sk Received September 2, 2002; accepted September 9, 2002     

离子液体在电化学中的应用

离子液体作为绿色替代溶剂在电化学中的应用涉及电解、电镀、电催化、电池和电容技术等 ,在全球环境问题日益严峻的今天 ,电化学及其技术将显示重要作用。本文就离子液体这一新型的反应介质及其在电化学中的应用和研究进展加以阐述     

Solubility Behaviour of TiCl4, ZrCl4, and HfCl4 in Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids

The solubility of NbCl₅, TaCl₅, TiCl₄, ZrCl₄, and HfCl₄ in neutral [BMIM][AlCl₄] (BMIM = 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) was determined. While TiCl₄ was immiscible with the neutral ionic liquid, 0.80 molar equivalents of ZrCl₄ and stoichiometric amounts of HfCl₄ dissolved in the melt at ambient temperature. The crystal structures and the unit cell parameters of [BMIM]₂[Ti₂Cl₁₀], [BMIM]₂[Zr₂Cl₁₀], and [PhNMe₃][Hf₂Cl₉] were determined. [BMIM]₂[Ti₂Cl₁₀], and [BMIM]₂[Zr₂Cl₁₀] were crystallised from basic chloroaluminate melts. With a trimethylanilinium cation, [PhNMe₃][Hf₂Cl₉] crystallised from an equimolar composition of PhNMe₃Cl, AlCl₃, and HfCl₄. Obviously, HfCl₄ abstracted a chloride ligand from [AlCl₄]^– to give highly Lewis acidic [Al₂Cl₇]^– anions.     

Selected Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as a Terminating Electrolyte in Isotachophoresis

Results of application of selected imidazolium ionic liquids [especially EMIM (1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium) cation] as a new type of terminating electrolyte (TE) in isotachophoresis (ITP) with conductometric detection are presented. In experiments seven different types of leading electrolyte (LE) with new terminating electrolyte were studied. After selection of parameters influenced on the analysis resolution, buffers were successfully used in control of qualitative and quantitative analysis (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) of different type of waters. The new ITP method was satisfying and basic validation parameters were assigned.