聚酰胺／聚醚砜共混物双连续相的形成

聚酰胺／聚醚砜共混物双连续相的形成＊卜文胜曾继军何嘉松＊＊（中国科学院化学研究所工程塑料国家重点实验室北京１０００８０）关键词共混物，两相共连续两相共连续指组成二元不相容聚合物共混物的两相完全连续，是一种特殊的形态结构。这种结构对共混物的物理机械性能...     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物增容Nylon-6/ABS共混体系的形态和力学性能

通过熔融共混法制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)增容的尼龙6(Nylon-6)/ABS共混物.采用TEM、SEM、FTIR等研究了SMA增容的Nylon-6/ABS共混物的相形态与性能.发现在Nylon-6和ABS的简单共混体系中,分散相易聚集,相界面清晰,断裂面光滑,呈脆性断裂,相容性差.加入少量SMA后,共混物由共连续相结构转变为典型的"海-岛"结构,分散相分布均匀,界面粘接程度增加,表明SMA对Nylon-6/ABS体系有显著的增容效果.     

受限条件下不相容聚合物共混物的形态演变研究进展

不相容聚合物共混物形成的相结构决定着共混材料的各项性能。近几年,研究发现不相容聚合物共混物受限条件下的相结构与非受限条件下的相结构有很大不同。本文从理论模型、实验结果以及影响因素(包括受限程度、组分比、剪切速率和粘弹性)等方面,综述了近年来开展的受限条件对不相容聚合物共混物相结构影响的研究进展,指出了现有研究的一些不足之处并展望了该领域的发展趋势。     

PVA/HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH共混物的相形貌与动态流变性能

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混物,引入马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-MAH)对体系进行增容。利用SEM、小振幅震荡剪切、溶剂提取、拉伸测试考察组成和增容剂含量对共混物相形貌、动态流变性质、相连续性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当HDPE质量分数达到20%~30%时,PVA/HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH共混物呈现接近共连续的结构;储能模量-频率图中观察到较为明显的第二平台;PVA相的连续度达到98%;共混物的断裂伸长率由5%显著提高到25%左右。另外,当HDPE-g-MAH的含量增大时,共混物的相界面变得模糊,力学性能也随之提高。     

SiO_2纳米粒子对PMMA/PS共混物共连续相结构退火粗化过程的影响

考察了亲水性纳米SiO2粒子的加入对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚苯乙烯(PMMA/PS)共混体系的共连续相结构在静态高温退火时形态稳定性的影响,发现静态高温退火条件下,填充体系共连续组成范围变窄幅度较小、特征结构尺寸的粗化速率减慢.流变测试表明纳米SiO2粒子加入之后PMMA/PS共混体系的黏弹性显著提高,从而能减缓破坏构成共连续相结构的纤维断裂或回缩等松弛过程的速率,有效地抑制PMMA/PS共混体系的共连续相结构粗化进程,提高相结构的稳定性.根据现有的两种粗化理论的定性分析表明,在高填充量的共混体系中,加入纳米SiO2粒子导致共混体系的黏弹性的显著改变是影响PMMA/PS共混体系在静态高温退火时共连续相结构粗化速率的主要因素,相对而言界面张力的变化对共连续相结构在静态高温退火时的粗化速率影响则应该较小.     

基于相形态的微孔发泡PP/POE共混物泡孔结构调控

采用挤出共混制备3种不同相形态的厚壁聚丙烯/乙烯-辛烯共聚物(PP/POE)共混物样品,并对样品在110℃发泡温度下进行高压釜发泡.利用共混物相形态以及两相黏弹性和超临界二氧化碳溶解度的差异,有效地调控厚壁样品内泡孔的形状、分布和尺寸等,获得了3种典型的泡孔结构.分散相呈椭球状液滴的80/20 PP/POE共混物发泡后泡孔呈椭球状,且两者具有相同数量级的平均直径和密度;分散相呈长纤维状的80/20共混物发泡后泡孔呈长孔状,两者的平均直径较为接近.呈部分共连续相结构的60/40共混物发泡后形成了具有较高连通度的开孔结构.进一步地,通过改变发泡温度,获得了更接近共混物中液滴状分散相平均直径和密度的近似球状的泡孔以及具有更高连通度的开孔结构.     

显微镜图像分析研究聚丙烯/尼龙1010共混物相结构及其性能

用扫描电子显微镜图像分析研究了聚丙烯/聚酰胺1010共混物及其部分相容体系的相形态结构,计算了表征相结构和尺寸的结构参数,如分散相的平均直径、平均弦长和分散相的质心相关距等.并分别讨论了聚丙烯/聚酰胺1010共混物及其部分相容体系的相形态以及其结构参数与共混物组成的关系.测定了聚合物及其共混物体系的力学性能,讨论了共混物组成与力学性能的关系.聚丙烯/聚酰胺1010共混物的拉伸模量与组成的关系较为复杂,但其部分相容体系的拉伸模量与组成呈线性关系.聚丙烯/聚酰胺1010及其共混物体系的屈服强度与共混物组成均呈线性关系.表征相结构的两相平均弦长比(l-1/-l2)与组成以及共混物体系力学性能与组成的关系,二者相似.同时讨论了体系力学性能随相尺寸等的变化规律.     

聚合物二元共混物拉伸强度混合规则的改进模型

改进了关于聚合物二元共混物拉伸强度混合规则的模型 ,保留了原模型中分别表征共混物界面和相结构对共混物拉伸强度产生影响的两个因子F和M .用此模型处理了三个共混体系的拉伸强度数据 ,反算出共混体系的界面强度因子F和相结构强度因子M ,结果表明 ,该改进模型的预测值与实验结果相符程度与原式几无差别 ,但使F和M的物理意义更为明确、合理 ,其相关系数也有所增大     

PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6共混物结构与可纺性研究

运用DSC、SEM、纺丝成形等手段研究了增容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐 (PP g MAH)对聚丙烯 聚酰胺 6(PP PA6 )共混物结构和性能的影响 .结果表明 ,共混物呈典型海岛型两相结构 ;增容剂PP g MAH与PA6之间的在位反应改善了PP PA6共混体系的相容性 ,使共混物中PA6的热结晶峰消失 ,PP的结晶生长速率和成核速率降低 ,可纺性提高     

聚丙烯／顺丁橡胶动态硫化共混物的交联行为和结晶性能的研究

研究了聚丙烯／顺丁橡胶动态硫化共混物橡胶相的交联行为、动态硫化共混物的结晶行为和结晶结构。结果表明，顺丁橡胶的加入对ＰＰ的熔点无明显影响，但结晶度降低。动态硫共化共混物在低于熔点处另有一熔化转变。动态硫化使共混物中ＰＰ的结晶速率提高。     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

明朝迁都北京与多民族国家治理

明朝建立后,面对多民族国家治理的新格局,定都问题一直是困扰朱元璋君臣的一大难题。终洪武之世,朱元璋也未能解决迁都的问题。燕王朱棣称帝后,将北平改为北京,条件具备后迅速将京师从南京迁到北京。成祖去世之后,虽有短暂的反复,但英宗即位不久,宣布定都北京,从此北京成为明朝永久的都城。迁都北京是明朝主动适应唐以后多民族交融局面的具体表现,一方面可以有效应对元朝残余的侵扰,另一方面能够整合农耕和游牧两大区域,为中国多民族国家治理做出了积极的贡献,意义重大。     

Using of the Agglomeration-in-liquid for the Technology of the Fine Materials

The content of the fine and ultrafine particles in the raw material results in difficulty of the separation, the loss of the valuable components and ecological contamination. Secondary using of the fine particles is impossible without their granulation. This problem has been solved by the agglomeration-in-liquid method.An agglomeration-in-liquid method is a process to produce agglomerates in a liquid phase from solid particles suspended in the liquid. The surface of solid particles and the binding liquid must be of identical polarity, but the continuous phase must be of the opposite polarity. The water solutions of the surfactant are the binding liquids or the organic liquids.     

On the scaling of the interface energy of the liquid clusters in the disordered nanoporous medium

Similarity of the extrusion curves of non-wetting liquid in a nanoporous medium with different initial fill volume fractions is observed experimentally. The similarity can be explained by the scaling of the interface energy and the self-similarity of the infinite percolation cluster of fluid-filled pores. Understanding the physical processes leading to the observed phenomena is a foundation for the development of high-performance devices for damping and energy storage on the basis of such heterogeneous systems.     

Copper-containing dendromesogens: the influence of the metal on the mesomorphism

The synthesis and liquid crystalline behaviour of the first and second generations of a dendrimeric structure based on poly(propyleneimine)(DAB-dendr(NH₂)_x) are reported. 4-(4-n-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)salicylaldehydes are used as mesogenic moieties attached at the peripheral amino groups of the dendrimers giving rise to dendromesogens with four and eight mesogenic branches. From these dendromesogens, considered as organic ligands, were prepared six metal-containing dendrimers which incorporate two or four copper atoms in their structures. All the dendrimeric ligands and three of the metal-containing dendrimers exhibit liquid crystalline properties which were studied by optical microscopy, DSC, X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy.     

On the quality of the hardness kernel and the Fukui function to evaluate the global hardness

An approximated hardness kernel, which includes the second derivative with respect to the density of the kinetic energy, the electron-electron coulomb repulsion, and the exchange density functionals, has been tested for the calculation of the global hardness. The results obtained for a series of 40 cations and neutral systems and 16 anions represent in most cases an improvement of the results obtained using the HOMO-LUMO gap approach and indicate the viability of this approach to evaluate global hardness. In addition, the relevance of the Fukui function approximation and the role of the three components of the hardness kernel in the evaluation of the global hardness have been analyzed.     

光亮剂对银电沉积行为的影响

用电势阶跃法和旋转圆盘电极法 (RDE)以及SEM和XRD测试手段 ,初步研究了光亮剂对氰化体系中银电沉积行为的影响 .研究表明 ,光亮剂的加入并未导致银电沉积成核机理的改变 ,但显著增强了镀液的微观平整效应 ,并且所得镀层的表观光滑程度明显改善 .XRD测试亦同时表明光亮剂的加入并未改变镀层的择优取向     

Influence of the Position of the Connecting Spacer of the Chromophore on the Nonlinear Optical Response

A new chromophore, C1 , based on a similar DπA‐structure as in the FTC ‐chromophore but with a hydroxyalkyl spacer perpendicular to the direction of the dipole moment was synthesized. Both chromophores and the CLD ‐chromophore were used to prepare high T_g nonlinear optical vinyl polymers. The influence of the position of the spacer on the DπA‐system on the NLO response of the resulting polymers was investigated.