The new technique of harmonic power combination—Millimeter-wave quasi-optical harmonic power combination

In this paper, the new technique of harmonic power combination—millimeter -wave quasi-optical harmonic power combination is presented. In this technique, by compounding several closed resonators with a quasi-optical open resonator, the harmonic powers of active devices are combined, which takes effectively respective advantages of closed cavity power combination and open cavity power combination and improve the combination efficiency of multiple-device harmonic power combiner. The experimental results for W-band are given and shown this combination method is available.     

An efficient Schottky-varactor frequency multiplier at millimeter waves. Part II: Tripler

The multiplication efficiency of millimeter wave triplers was studied. In the case of a commercially available Schottky-varactor, the tripler efficiency versus pump power, bias voltage, and embedding impedances at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies was simulated using a nonlinear analysis program. A scaled model of a waveguide mount was used to experimentally optimize the impedances. For experimental verification a tripler from 33–39 GHz to 99–117 GHz was constructed. The highest efficiency measured was 28% at 107 GHz with 5 mW input power. The highest efficiency obtained with 30 mW input power was 18%.     

An efficient Schottky-varactor frequency multiplier at millimeter waves. Part I: Doubler

The efficiency of millimeter wave doublers with a wide tunable bandwidth was studied. The efficiency depends on the varactor parameters and the embedding impedances seen by the diode at fundamental and harmonic frequencies. Millimeter wave doublers were simulated with a nonlinear analysis program to find optimum embedding impedances for a given diode. Also the sensitivity of the efficiency to various diode and circuit parameters was evaluated. A scaled model was constructed in order to experimentally optimize the impedances. For experimental verification a doubler from 40–58 GHz to 80–116 GHz was constructed. The highest efficiency measured was 45% at 94 GHz with 5 mW input power. The highest efficiency obtained with 20 mW input power was 38%.     

On the extraction of harmonic power from quasi-optical solid-state power combiner

Quasi-Optical solid-state power combiner using high Q open resonator as its resonating system has high stability of frequency and can combine powers from several devices easier than other combiners. In this paper, the technique of harmonic power extraction from quasi-optical open resonator is analyzed and discussed, finally the possibility of this technique is discussed as well.     

Design of a Broadband E-Plane Power Combiner Based on Quarter-Arc Bent Rectangular Waveguides for Sub-THz and THz Wave

A method of designing an E-plane power combiner composed of two quarter-arc bent rectangular waveguides is proposed for sub-THz and THz waves.The quarter-arc bent-waveguide power combiner has a simple geometry which is easy to design and fabricate.By HFSS codes,the physical mechanism and performance of the power combiner are analyzed,and the relationship between the output characteristics and the structure/operating parameters is given.Simulation results show that our power combiner is suitable for the combining of two equalpower and reversed-phase signals,the bandwidth of the combiner is wide and can be adjusted by the radius of the quarter-arc,and the isolation performance of the combiner can be improved by adding thin film resistive septa at the junction of two quarter-arc bent waveguides.Meanwhile,an approximate method based on the analytic geometrical analysis is given to design this power combiner for different frequency bands.     

Theoretical and experimental investigations on microstrip active array antennas and power combiners

In this paper, microstrip active array antennas and power combiners are investigated. The mutual impedance of a rectangular microstrip patch array is analyzed based on the Richmond's reaction integral equation and Galerkin technique in spectral-domain. The computer-aided analysis and design of the active array are then carried out by coupling the mutual impedances to the large-signal characteristics of Gunn diodes with a harmonic balance technique. Based on the theoretical study, microstrip active patch array antennas are investigated experimentally.     

紧凑型矩形波导内功率合成器设计

介绍了一种基于常规速调管功率合成和脉冲压缩的微波源系统,为实现多路高峰值功率速调管的功率合成,设计了一种紧凑型、近平面结构的微波功率合成器。在2.856 GHz频点处,合成器各端口反射损耗和相对端口隔离度均大于45 dB。当两路峰值功率为50 MW的微波功率合成时,合成器内的最大场强约为9.6 MV/m,合成效率大于99%。在四端口功率合成器的基础上,通过两级合成可实现一种八端口微波功率合成器,当四路峰值功率50 MW的微波功率合成时,合成器内最大场强约为13.5 MV/m。     

T形高功率微波功率合成器的初步实验研究

 初步实验研究一种新型插片式功率合成器,它具有结构紧凑、容易加工、功率容量高等优点。该器件通过在两个相互垂直的过模矩形波导中放置两组金属插板,来实现线极化高功率微波的双路非相干通道功率合成。在对该器件进行初步结构优化设计的基础上,对器件进行了初步实验研究。冷测实验结果表明：该器件在两个通道中均有效实现了单模传输,器件的反射损耗小于0.4 dB;热测实验结果表明：器件可以承受2 GW以上的高功率,功率容量满足需求。     

Field analysis and CAD millimeter wave VCO

In this paper, the CAD of millimeter wave VCO is investigated based on a frequency-domain harmonic balance technique, where the external-circuit mutual impedances looking outside from two active devices are calculated in terms of a rigorous definition and a mixed technique of modes expansion, Galerkin method and collocation method. The CAD results are in agreement with the experimental results, which shows the raliability of the presented model and optimisation.     

A method for designing a variable-channel high-power cavity combiner

Cavity combiners have been put forward for high power combining due to their advantages of larger combining ability,variable input channels and less power loss.For a high power cavity combiner,it is better to keep the power loss ratio in a reasonable range,because large power loss would lead to strict requirements on the cooling system.A combiner with variable input channels is convenient for outputting different power levels according to practical demands.In this paper,a method for designing a variable-channel high-power cavity combiner is proposed,based on the relation between input and output coupling coefficients obtained by analyzing the equivalent circuit of the cavity combiner.This method can put the designed cavity combiner in a matching state and keep its power loss rate in a reasonable range as the number of input channels changes.As an example,a cavity combiner with 500 MHz and variable input channels from 16 to 64 is designed,and the simulation results show that our proposed method is feasible.     

Optimization calculation of solid state power combining source of waveguide cavity

The optimization theory and calculation for waveguide cavity solid state power combiner in centimeter-wave and millimeter-wave region are discussed. The optimization theory of the combiner is to obtain the best structure and the best parameters by CAD(computer-aided design) technique so that higher output power, higher combining efficiency, compactness and steady properties can be achieved for the combiner.     

基于过模波导的高功率微波准相干功率合成器

研究了一种用于功率合成的GW级高功率微波功率合成器。该合成器工作在X波段,输入微波由2路工作频率不同的X波段的微波源产生。为了满足输出功率和功率容量的要求,用于功率合成的微波源工作段波导的过模因子为12.7,这给功率合成器的设计带来了一定的困难。着重讨论了如何利用过模波导设计X波段高功率合成器,研究了如何抑制过模波导的高次模式并提高其功率容量和传输效率。设计的功率合成器单路传输效率达到99.0%以上,允许的最大输出功率达到5.6 GW以上,还可以按照需求适当增大高度,以进一步提高其功率容量而不影响传输效率。     

Circuit analysis of the compound quasi-optical power combiner

In 1991, we developed a new type of quasi-optical power combiner, called a compound quasi-optical power combiner, at Ka-band. In this paper, the circuit of such a compound quasi-optical power combiner is analysed. Its equivalent circuit model is proposed. The circuit equations, the balance condition, the injection locking and the stabilized condition of the compound quasi-optical power combiner are studed by the equivalent circuit model. As an example, a compound quasi-optical power combiner which consists of two single—cavity, two—device power combiners is analysed     

一种T形高功率微波功率合成器

提出了一种新型功率合成器,其工作原理为:通过在两个相互垂直的过模矩形波导中放置两组相互垂直的金属插板,对具有不同极化方向的矩形波导TE10模进行隔离传输,实现高功率微波的双路通道功率合成。基于这一原理初步设计了一个中心频率为9.55 GHz的功率合成器,并进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:这种功率合成器可以承受高功率,单通道工作时的功率容量分别大于7.31 GW和6.83 GW,中心频率上两个通道的单模功率传输效率分别达到了98%和99%,反射损耗分别小于-36 dB和-21 dB,通道之间的耦合损耗分别小于-30 dB和-45 dB。     

Limits of self-impedance of a conductor with eccentric external return

High-and low-frequency limits of the harmonic electromagnetic fields and of the self impedances for parallel conductors are presented. The distribution of current density in the wire and in the eccentric external return is determined analytically with two opposite assumptions for the magnetic field strength on the conductor surface.     

Space harmonic analysis of sound radiation from a submerged periodic ring-stiffened cylindrical shell

An analytical method is developed to study radiated sound power characteristics from an infinite submerged periodically stiffened cylindrical shell excited by a radial cosine harmonic line force. The harmonic motion of the shell and the pressure field in the fluid are described by Flügge shell equations and Helmholtz equation, respectively. By using periodic theory of space harmonic analysis, the response of the periodic structure to harmonic excitations has been obtained by expanding it in terms of a series of space harmonics. Radiated sound power on the shell wall along the axial direction and the influence of different parameters on the results are studied, respectively. A conclusion is drawn that the stiffeners have a great influence at low and high frequencies while have a slight influence at intermediate frequencies for low circumferential mode orders. The work will give some guidelines for noise reduction of this kind of shell.     

S波段2 kW连续波功率合成技术

 介绍了S波段基于行波管放大器的2 kW连续波功率合成技术。对大功率合成效率以及影响幅相一致性的原因进行了分析。在分析的基础上设计了2 kW连续波功率合成放大器,阐述了幅度均衡的实现方法、相位均衡的实现方法和合成器的击穿保护措施,并开展了实验研究,实验结果表明：采取幅相均衡技术以后,合成效率大于95％。     

中心频率为0.225 THz的两路波导功率合成器

 采用基于场匹配理论的数值计算和仿真技术对中心频率为0.225 THz的两路波导功率合成器的场分布特性及合成效率进行了研究。数值计算结果表明:随着两路输入波相位差的增大,合成波束的峰值场的幅值逐步减小;增加输入波导间隔板厚度,合成波束峰值场的位置逐步远离输入端口,使合成波导的长度增加;仿真和数值计算得到了基于一致的结果。仿真结果表明:当两路输入信号的相位差小于35°时,合成效率大于90%,带宽为10.000 GHz。     

6mm Solid state source power combiner

On 6mm wave band, the properties and structure of a power combiner which consists of two Gunn diodes in rectangle waveguide, the principle and experiments are reported. The theory is suitable for the power combiner operating below long-millimeter-wave region.