用CuO／γ－Al2O3催化剂同时脱除烟气中的SO2和NO

 研究了用CuO／γ－Al2O3催化剂同时脱除烟气中的SO2和NO，并在固定床反应器中考察了反应条件对其催化活性的影响．结果表明，温度和SO2对CuO／γ－Al2O3的催化活性均具有双重影响．新鲜催化剂和硫化催化剂上最适宜的脱硝温度分别为250～300℃和300～450℃，最适宜的n（NH3）／n（NO）约为1．2．烟气中的氧可大大提高CuO／γ－Al2O3的脱硫脱硝活性．综合考虑吸附硫容和NO脱除率，CuO／γ－Al2O3同时脱硫脱硝的最适宜温度为350～450℃．温度和SO2在高温区对CuO／γ－Al2O3活性的影响源于两者对NH3氧化活性的改变，高温下CuO／γ－Al2O3的活性下降是因为NH3氧化加剧；SO2通过使催化剂硫化生成硫酸盐来抑制NH3氧化，从而提高CuO／γ－Al2O3的活性．吸硫饱和的催化剂可于5％NH3中还原再生，再生后其硫容较初始时降低，但其活性大幅度提高．     

CuO/γ-Al2O3脱除烟气中SO2的研究

将CuO/γ-Al2O3用于烟气脱硫研究。考查了脱硫剂制备参数及反应条件对CuO/γ-Al2O3脱硫活性的影响。并对不同载铜量的脱硫剂进行了XRD表征。结果表明，载铜量的质量分数为8%～10%时，脱硫剂具有较高的脱硫活性，高于10%的载铜量致使活性组分CuO在Al2O3表面发生多层覆盖，活性位的利用率下降；在350 ℃～500 ℃的烟气温度及 3 000 L/kg·h～56 000 L/kg·h的操作空速范围内，CuO/γ-Al2O3具有较高的脱硫活性，烟气中的O2对于CuO/γ-Al2O3的脱硫活性是必需的，水的影响不大。     

CuO/Al2O3催化剂高温固相反应的原位XRD和Raman研究

采用原位XRD和激光Raman光谱等技术对CuO/Al2O3系列催化剂高温下的表面组成和体相结构的变化进行研究.结果表明,随着焙烧温度升高,CuO首先与载体Al2O3发生固相反应生成CuAl2O4.CuAl2O4层能阻止外层CuO进一步向载体Al2O3扩散,从而使部分CuO稳定在CuO/Al2O3催化剂的表层.     

H2S对NiW/Al2O3和CoMo/Al2O3上二苯并噻吩和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应的影响

 考察了H2S对NiW/Al2O3和CoMo/Al2O3上二苯并噻吩(DBT)和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(DMDBT)加氢脱硫反应的影响. 结果表明,H2S同时抑制DBT和DMDBT两种硫化物的加氢脱硫反应,并且对DBT的抑制作用更为明显. 对于NiW/Al2O3和CoMo/Al2O3两种催化剂,H2S抑制了DBT和DMDBT的直接脱硫路径活性; 对于CoMo/Al2O3催化剂上DBT转化中的加氢反应也有抑制作用,但促进了DMDBT转化中加氢反应的进行. NiW/Al2O3催化剂更易受H2S的影响.     

CuO/Al2O3吸附SO2后氢再生及一体化回收硫磺

考察了添加Na助剂对CuO/Al2O3 的H2再生过程、硫磺产量及后续脱SO2过程活性的影响。结果表明,400℃再生温度下Na助剂添加后,CuO/Al2O3吸附剂的H2再生循环过程的硫磺产量及后续脱SO2过程硫容均变为添加前的1.3倍。Na助剂的添加明显增大吸附剂上载体Al2O3的硫化程度;且在Cu相和Na相共同存在情况下,吸附剂上生成的部分物质Al2(SO4)3在400℃以下即可被还原再生,从而明显提高了H2再生过程的硫磺产量和后续脱SO2硫容。     

Pd-CeO2/Al2O3结构对其催化加氢脱硫反应性能的影响

分步浸渍法制备了不同Pd含量的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,考察了Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫性能,并应用XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD、H2吸附和CO吸附等手段对催化剂结构进行了表征.结果表明,Pd在制备过程巾优先沉积在CeO2表面,Pd-Ce结合作用导致了界面效应和新的酸性位产生,Pd-Ce之间的界面效应是Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫活性提高的原因.2%Pd的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂拥有最高的单位质量Pd上的界面酸量,改性效果最为明显.Pd颗粒的优势面是Pd(111)面,这导致了强的Pd-Ce结合作用和界面效应,而1%和4%Pd的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂由于Pd-ce结合的空间结构使界面效应削弱,活性提高不明显.     

Pd/Al2O3膜的制备及其对 1,5-环辛二烯加氢的催化性能

利用微乳液浸渍技术制备了负载型Pd/Al2O3膜,并用扫描电镜和原子吸收光谱对微乳液中的纳米Pd颗粒及其在Al2O3陶瓷膜载体上的形貌、分布和负载量进行了表征.在"催化接触器"型膜反应器中,以1,5-环辛二烯(COD)加氢作为模型反应考察了Pd/Al2O3膜的催化性能.结果表明,采用微乳液技术制备Pd/Al2O3膜时,Pd负载量、浸渍操作方式、焙烧温度和载体孔径对Pd/Al2O3膜的催化性能有一定影响.要获得对COD加氢反应的高催化活性和较高的中间产物环辛烯选择性,优化的Pd/Al2O3膜制备条件为:缓慢析出Pd纳米颗粒,同时采用循环浸渍方式,焙烧温度300℃,膜载体孔径1.9μm.     

蜂窝状堇青石基CuO/Al2O3催化剂用于烟气同时脱硫脱硝的研究

考察了制备参数及反应条件对蜂窝状堇青石基CuO/Al2O3催化剂同时脱硫脱硝活性的影响。结果表明，添加碱金属可以提高脱硫活性, 但由于促进NH3氧化而降低了脱硝活性。为了获得理想的同时脱硫脱硝活性，催化剂的适宜载铜量为6.0％，载钠量为2.0％。随着反应温度从350 ℃升高到450 ℃，该催化剂的脱硫活性逐渐升高，再生后脱硫活性都有所下降，但仍具有活性随温度升高而升高的趋势，说明脱硫过程为反应控制型；但由于温度升高，NH3氧化加剧，脱硝活性逐渐降低，所以适宜操作温度为400 ℃。在1 450 h－1～3600 h－1范围内， 空速对脱硝活性影响不大， 对脱硫活性影响较大。 对于再生催化剂，当空速由3 600 h－1降低到2 300 h－1时，硫容（SO2转化率达80％时单位质量催化剂所吸附的SO2量）不断增加，继续降低空速时硫容基本保持不变，所以适宜操作空速为2 300 h－1以下。     

渣油加氢处理过程中Mo-V/Al_2O_3的催化性能及协同效应

采用孔饱和浸渍法制备了不同Mo/(Mo+V)原子比的Mo-V/Al2O3催化剂,运用拉曼光谱、H2程序升温还原和高分辨透射电镜对催化剂进行了表征,同时以萘为模型化合物,考察了催化剂的加氢活性;以科威特常渣为原料,考察了其加氢脱金属和脱硫活性.结果表明,在上述反应中,Mo与V具有协同作用.由于渣油中金属和硫的存在形态不同,并且V-Mo-S相和V-S相对于渣油加氢脱金属反应的催化作用要大于渣油加氢脱硫反应,因此与Ni-Mo/Al2O3催化剂相比,Mo-V/Al2O3催化剂的脱金属活性较高,而脱硫活性较低.     

Ni-Zn-Fe复合氧化物脱硫剂再生研究

在固定床装置上考察了温度和O2浓度对溶胶-凝胶自燃法制备的Ni-Zn-Fe复合氧化物脱硫剂再生性能的影响,并进行了二次硫化实验;应用XRD、BET、SEM测试手段对新鲜脱硫剂及不同温度下再生后的样品进行了表征分析。结果表明,Ni-Zn-Fe复合氧化物脱硫剂在400℃下能够再生,而且体积分数为2%的O2对于该脱硫剂的再生较为合适,再生的脱硫剂具有良好的二次脱硫活性。再生后的XRD谱图与新鲜样品一致,且没有硫酸盐的生成;SEM测试结果显示,该脱硫剂在530℃或体积分数为4%的O2下再生发生严重烧结,基本没有二次脱硫活性。用收缩核模型对Ni-Zn-Fe复合氧化物脱硫剂的再生动力学行为进行了描述,发现其再生过程存在控制步骤由化学反应控制向扩散控制的转移。在反应起始阶段,受化学反应控制,化学反应活化能为27.16 kJ/mol,表观化学反应速率常数的指前因子为4.62 m/min;随着反应的进行,产物层逐渐增厚,再生过程受扩散控制,扩散活化能为40.37 kJ/mol,有效扩散系数的指前因子为0.49×10-3m2/min。     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.