用莫尔计算机层析技术诊断三维电弧温度场

结合光栅Ｔａｌｂｏｔ效应和莫尔技术，利用有限角计算机层析算法，借助电弧等离子体物理方程，对自由电弧三维温度场进行了诊断研究。     

一种测量光栅常数的新方法

一种测量光栅常数的新方法华文深（华南理工大学应用物理系广州５１０６４１）一、测量原理如图１所示，当用点光源或线光源产生的发散光束照射光栅时，将产生Ｔａｌｂｏｔ效应［１－３］．即在某些位置上将得到光栅的衍射自成像，这些像相当于光栅的几何投影的放大像，而...     

Talbot像对谱面的对称性分析及焦距测量

分析了光栅的泰伯（Ｔａｌｂｏｔ）像和透镜焦面的关系，提出了Ｔａｌｂｏｔ像对谱面的对称性原理。并将其用于透镜焦距的测量，方法简单，精度高。     

一种测量透镜焦距的方法

一种测量透镜焦距的方法王成，武晓东（中科院长春光机所，国家光学机械质量检测中心１３００２２）一、理论分析透镜的焦距是透镜的重要参数之一，通常是采用几何光学的方法进行测量，本文采用一种波动光学的方法——Ｔａｌｂｏｔ方法进行测量，测量精度较高，且使用方便...     

基于泰伯效应的高斯光束尺寸测量

光栅用在高斯光束参数测量中的突出优点是方法简单，成本较低，全息光栅由于其制备容易，无周期误差而比一般光栅具有更多的优点。在用光栅进行光斑测量的实验中，观察到由全息光栅引起的泰伯（Ｔａｌｂｏｔ）效应携带有关光斑参数的有用信息，本文提出了一种基于泰伯效应的测量方法，只需测定条纹间隔就能确定高斯光束尺寸，因此降低了对光源或光栅定位精度，电路和光源稳定性的要求，文中聚焦高斯光束照明全息光栅时光场分布，及其     

Talbot干涉术的局限

对Ｔａｌｂｏｔ－Ｍｏｉｒｅ术与横向剪切干涉术进行比较，探讨间断的Ｔａｌｂｏｔ像对检测的限制。     

泰伯效应的共轭现象

介绍了观察泰伯（Ｔａｌｂｏｔ）像的共轭虚像的实验原理及方法，并给出实验结果及扼要的理论解释，作者首次提出可把泰伯自成像公式的ｍ值扩展的负值。     

晶体双折射测量的干涉条纹重迭法

本文介绍用干涉条纹的重迭与否测量晶体双折射。作者用干涉条纹取代光栅的Ｔａｌｂｏｔ像，主要优点是条纹的对比度好。     

用有效哈密顿方法计算氢原子的斯塔克效应

本文应用有效哈密顿方法，在准确到二级近似的条件下，计算了氢原子第一激发能级在外电场中的分裂，为分析强场下的斯塔克效应提供了一个理论基础。     

质子碰撞氦原子单电离全微分截面的后碰撞作用和扭曲效应

用扭曲波方法,推广了修正的库仑波恩（MCB）近似计算到重离子碰撞He原子电离问题计算。检查了对75keV 质子碰撞氦原子单电离的全微分截面的应用情况。结果表明,现在的方法定性地产生了实验的峰结构,尤其是在垂直平面。应用MCB方法研究这一碰撞体系中的后碰撞(PCI)效应,发现PCI效应对全微分截面的形状在散射平面和垂直平面都有着强烈的影响。同时,分析了扭曲效应对全微分截面的贡献。表明,随着动量转移的增加,扭曲效应的作用变得越来越重要。尤其是,扭曲效应定性解释了负角区域的结构。     

First-Principles Study on the Electronic Structures for Y^3＋：PbWO4 Crystals

The possible defect models of Y^3＋：PbWO4 crystals are discussed by defect chemistry and the most possible substituting positions of the impurity Y^3＋ ions are studied by using the general utility lattice program （GULP）. The calculated results indicate that in the lightly doped Y^3＋ ：PWO crystal, the main compensating mechanism is [2Ypb^＋ ＋ VPb^2-], and in the heavily doped Y^3＋ ：PWO crystal, it will bring interstitial oxygen ions to compensate the positive electricity caused by YPb^＋, forming defect clusters of [2Ypb^＋ ＋Oi^2-] in the crystal. The electronic structures of Y3＋ ：PWO with different defect models are calculated using the DV-Xα method. It can be concluded from the electronic structures that, for lightly doped cases, the energy gap of the crystal would be broadened and the 420nm absorption band will be restricted; for heavily doped cases, because of the existence of interstitial oxygen ions, it can bring a new absorption band and reduce the radiation hardness of the crystal.     

Search for strangeness changing neutral currents induced by neutrinos in gargamelle

A sample of 9930 neutrino neutral current interactions has been examined for single strange particle production. No signal in the channels νN → νγX and νN → ν|gS⁰X, where X means non-strange hadrons, has been found. This yields an upper limit of 5.4 × 10^?3 to a 90% confidence level on the ratio [(ν → νΓX) + (ν → νΣ⁰X)]/[ν → ν + anything]     

Tunable Nongeometric Phase Gates for Two Hot Ions via Adiabatic Evolution of Dark States

We propose a scheme for implementing nongeometric phase gates fbr two trapped ions via adiabatic passage of dark states. During the operation, the vibrational mode is only virtually excited, thus the scheme is insensitive to heating. Furthermore, the spontaneous emission is suppressed since the ions are always in the electronic ground states. The scheme is robust against small fluctuations of parameters, and the conditional phase is tunable.     

Fisher Information of Wavefunctions： Classical and Quantum

A parametric quantum mechanical wavefunction naturally induces parametric probability distributions by taking absolute square, and we can consider its classical Fisher information. On the other hand, it also induces parametric rank-one projections which may be viewed as density operators, and we can talk about its quantum Fisher information. Among many versions of quantum Fisher information, there are two prominent ones. The first, defined via a quantum score function, was introduced by Helstrom in 1967 and is well known. The second, defined via the square root of the density operator, has its origin in the skew information introduced by Wigner and Yanase in 1963 and remains relatively unnoticed. This study is devoted to investigating the relationships between the classical Fisher information and these two versions of quantum Fisher information for wavefunctions. It is shown that the two versions of quantum Fisher information differ by a factor 2 and that they dominate the classical Fisher information. The non-coincidence of these two versions of quantum Fisher information may be interpreted as a manifestation of quantum discord. We further calculate the difference between the Helstrom quantum Fisher information and the classical Fisher information, and show that it is precisely the instantaneous phase fluctuation of the wavefunctions.     

Photo-thermal Shot Noise in End Mirrors of LIGO due to Correlation of Power Fluctuation

The effect of input power fluctuation on photo-thermal shot noise in the end mirrors of a laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory （LIGO） is analysed according to the statistical optics, which is a supplement of Braginsky＇s research. The laser light folding in LIGO increases a correlation of input power fluctuation in the photo-thermal shot noise. This part of noise has spectral density proportional to -2 in low frequency bands, and -4 in high frequency bands. It is not a white noise and may affect the processing about data of interferometers. To obtain an advanced LIGO, photo-thermal shot noise in end mirrors due to correlation of input power fluctuation is up to Braginsky＇s photo-thermal noise in the frequency range 1-100 Hz.     

Application of Electron-Shelving Detection via 423 nm Transition in Calcium-Beam Optical Frequency Standard

A new scheme of small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam with application of 423 nm shelving detection and sharp-angle velocity selection detection is proposed. Combining these presented techniques, we conclude that a small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam will outperform the commercial caesium-beam microwave dock, like the 5071 Cs clock （from Hp to Agilent, now Symmetricom company）, both in accuracy and stability.     

Effects of in situ thermal annealing on the structural, optical, and electrical properties in Hg0.7Cd0.3Te epilayers grown on CdTe buffer layers

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission, and Hall effect measurements were performed to investigate the structural, optical, and electrical properties of as-grown and in situ-annealed Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers grown on CdTe buffer layers by using molecular beam epitaxy. After the Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers had been annealed in a Hg-cell flux atmosphere, the SEM images showed that the surface morphologies of the Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te thin films were mirror-like with no indication of pinholes or defects, and the FTIR spectra showed that the transmission intensities had increased in comparison to that of the as-grown Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayer. Hall-effect measurements showed that n-Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers were converted to p-Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers. These results indicate that the surface, optical, and electrical properties of the Hg_1 − xCd_xTe epilayers are improved by annealing and that as-grown n-Hg_1 − xCd_xTe epilayers can be converted to p-Hg_1 − xCd_xTe epilayers by in situ annealing.     

Suppression of Chaos and Phase Locking in Two Coupled Nonidentical Neurons under Periodic Input

Dynamical behaviour of two coupled neurons with at least one of them being chaotic is presented. Bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents are calculated to diagnose the dynamical behaviour of the coupled neurons with the increasing coupling strength. It is found that when the coupling strength increases, a chaotic neuron can be controlled by the coupling between neurons. At the same time, phase locking is studied by the maxima of the differences of instantaneous phases and average frequencies between two coupled neurons, and the inherent connection of phase locking and the suppression of chaos is formulated. It is observed that the onset of phase locking is closely related to the suppression of chaos. Finally, a way for suppression of chaos in two coupled nonidentical neurons under periodic input is suggested.     

Fabrication of Long-Period Fibre Gratings Using 800 nm Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Long-period fibre gratings inside standard single-mode optical communication fibres are successfully fabricated with infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The refractive index perturbations are well confined within the fibre core by choosing the proper laser focusing parameters and translation speed of the fibre during the direct laser writing process. With the self-focusing effect considered and at a constant average irradiation dose of 1.62 × 10^3 J/（cm^2μm）, the threshold intensity for fabricating long-period gratings with infrared femtosecond laser pulses is determined to be 5.13 × 10^13 W/cm2.