Polarization and spin effects in neutralino production and decay

We study the production of neutralinos with polarized beams and the subsequent decays and , including the complete spin correlations between production and decay. We present analytical formulae for the differential cross section of the combined process of production and decay of neutralinos. We also allow for complex couplings. The spin correlations have a strong influence on the decay angular distributions and the corresponding forward–backward asymmetries. They are very sensitive to the SUSY parameters and depend strongly on the beam polarizations. We present numerical results for the cross section and the electron forward–backward asymmetry for , . We study the dependence on the parameter for various mass splittings between and and different beam polarizations. Received: 28 March 1999 / Published online: 28 May 1999     

Multi-Cluster Decay of Atomic Nuclei

The decay of unstable nuclei which disintegrate with simultaneous emission of few charged fragments is studied. The decay scenario is determined by means of consideration of the Coulomb-correlated quasi-classical motion of outgoing clusters in the sub-barrier region. It is shown that the special solutions which describe the self-similar expansion are particularly important to describe penetration through a multi-dimensional potential barrier. The correlated motion of outgoing particles at the final stage of sub-barrier penetration leads to the energy and angular correlations of emitted particles.     

Two-proton correlations in the decay of 45Fe

The decay of extremely neutron-deficient 45Fe has been studied in detail by means of a novel type of a gaseous detector employing digital imaging to record tracks of charged particles. The two-proton radioactivity channel was clearly identified. For the first time, the angular and energy correlations between two protons emitted from the nuclear ground state were determined, indicating the genuine three-body character of this decay. The half-life of 45Fe was found to be 2.6+/-0.2 ms and the observed 2p decay branching ratio is 70+/-4%.     

Negative Correlations and Entanglement in Higher-Spin Dicke States

We consider entanglement criteria based on the spin squeezing inequalities for arbitrary spin systems. Here we use the negative correlations to detect the entanglement in the system with exchange symmetry. For arbitrary spin systems, we can find that the state is entangled, when the minimal pairwise correlation is negative. Then we give a parameter which is defined by the collective angular momentum operator, to detect the entanglement for the Dicke state with N spin ?1 particles, and the results are as the same as negative correlation. We also consider the directions of negative correlation, the state is entangled in two orthogonal directions for the superposition of Dicke state without parity.     

Analysis of the quantum numbers J(PC) of the X(3872) particle

We present an analysis of angular distributions and correlations of the X(3872) particle in the exclusive decay mode X(3872)-->J/psipi+ pi- with J/psi-->mu+ mu-. We use 780 pb-1 of data from pp[over ] collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We derive constraints on spin, parity, and charge conjugation parity of the X(3872) particle by comparing measured angular distributions of the decay products with predictions for different J(PC) hypotheses. The assignments J(PC)=1++ and 2-+ are the only ones consistent with the data.     

Spin correlations in production and decay of charginos

We study the production of charginos with polarized beams and the subsequent decays and , including the complete spin correlations between production and decay. Analytical formulae are presented for the joint spin-density matrix of the charginos, for the chargino decay matrix and for the differential cross section of the combined processes of production and decays. We present numerical results for pair production of the lighter chargino with unpolarized beams and the leptonic decay of into the lightest neutralino . The lepton angular distribution and the forward-backward asymmetry are studied in four representative scenarios for GeV and GeV. Received: 28 April 1998 / Revised version: 18 June 1998 / Published online: 8 September 1998     

Fragment spin distribution in 400 MeV40Ar+93Nb collisions investigated by light-particle anisotropies

In and out-of-plane angular correlations between light particles and projectile-like fragments from deeply inelastic collisions of 400 MeV⁴⁰Ar+⁹³Nb were measured. At backward angles, the equilibrium emission of a particles and protons from the target-like fragment was identified. By analysing the out-of-plane angular correlations in the framework of a semi-classical statistical model, an average spin of 30±2? and an average alignment ofP _zz =0.80±0.15 for the target-like fragment were deduced.     

Spontane Strahlung eines Zwei-Atom-Systems

The method of “many-centers-quantization” developed in a foregoing paper [1] is used to solve the decay problem of two atoms with various initial states. Especially the angular distributions and angular correlations are given.     

Spin analysis of supersymmetric particles

The spin of supersymmetric particles can be determined at e⁺e^- colliders unambiguously. This is demonstrated for a characteristic set of non-colored supersymmetric particles – smuons, selectrons, and charginos/neutralinos. The analysis is based on the threshold behavior of the excitation curves for pair production in e⁺e^- collisions, the angular distribution in the production process and decay angular distributions. In the first step we present the observables in the helicity formalism for the supersymmetric particles. Subsequently we confront the results with corresponding analyses of Kaluza–Klein particles in theories of universal extra space dimensions which behave distinctly different from supersymmetric theories. It is shown in the third step that a set of observables can be designed which signal the spin of supersymmetric particles unambiguously without any model assumptions. Finally in the fourth step it is demonstrated that the determination of the spin of supersymmetric particles can be performed experimentally in practice at an e⁺e^- collider.     

超子衰变产物的角分布

假设了一定的相互作用哈密顿量,计算了自旋为1/2。而服从狄拉克波动方程的粒子衰变产物的角分布,计算了自旋为3/2而服从赖列泰—许温格波动方程的粒子的衰变产物的角分布。讨论了宇称守恒相互作用和宇称不守恒相互作用强度之间的比例和不对称系数α的关系。指出利用费曼—盖尔曼的普适费米相互作用推导得的Λ超子衰变产物的角分布不对称因子和实验数值一致。指出假使在重正化以后矢量耦合和赝矢量耦合常数不再相等,那末不对称因子的数值可能有相当大的改变。因此准确测定α的数值有助于费曼—盖尔曼普适费米相互作用的重正化效应的研究。服从赖列泰—许温格波动方程,自旋为3/2的粒子衰变产物和实验上得到的的Λ超子衰变产物的角分布不可能符合。这和李政道和杨振宁的一般结论一致。     

On high-energy elastic scattering of protons by nuclei

The two coupled channel formalism for high energy elastic scattering [1] is extended to include spin and isospin effects. For a spin and isospin zero nucleus these manifest themselves by additional spin-orbit terms in the potentials. Explicit formulas for these potentials are obtained in terms of the fully spin and isospin dependent nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitude, the ground state nuclear form factor and the state dependent correlation functions. The coupling potential except for a small term arising from double spin and isospin flip process involving nuclear excitation depends only upon the pair correlations.Numerical calculations are performed for the elastic scattering of 1 GeV protons incident on ⁴He. Various phenomenological dynamical two-body correlations as well as correlations generated from the Reid soft-core and Tabakin potentials in an approximate Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculation are considered. The angular distribution beyond its first diffraction minimum as well as the polarization in the same angular range are shown to be sensitive to these correlations. However, the present accuracy of the experimental data and the lack of knowledge of the nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitude prevent any definitive conclusion about their nature.     

Angular correlations in ternary fission induced by polarized neutrons

Ternary fission induced by cold polarized neutrons was studied for the two isotopes ²³³U and ²³⁵U at the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble, France. In particular two types of angular correlations between the spin of the incoming neutrons and the emission directions of both, the fission fragments (FF) and the ternary particles (TP), were investigated. For FF and TP detectors facing the target at right angles to the neutron beam, first, for longitudinally polarized neutrons a triple correlation between spin and the emission of outgoing particles was explored and, second, for transversally polarized neutrons parity violating asymmetries in the emission of FFs and TPs were analyzed. Nonzero expectation values for the triple correlation were oberserved in the present experiments for the first time.     

Collinear ternary cluster decay of hyperdeformed <Superscript>60</Superscript>Zn at high angular momentum

Binary and ternary cluster decay of ⁶⁰Zn compound nuclei at high angular momentum, formed in the ³⁶Ar + ²⁴Mg reaction at E _lab(³⁶Ar) = 195 MeV, has been measured in a unique kinematic coincidence setup consisting of two large area position sensitive (x, y) gas detector telescopes with Bragg-ionization chambers (BRS). The BRS provides the opportunity to measure the reaction angles in-and out-of-plane, and through Bragg-curve spectroscopy to achieve a complete identification of the nuclear charge for different final channels. We observed very narrow out-of-plane angular correlations for two heavy fragments emitted either in purely binary events or in events with a missing mass consisting of 2 and 3α particles. These narrow correlations are interpreted as ternary fission decay from compound nuclei at high angular momenta through an elongated (hyperdeformed) shape with a very large moment of inertia. In these stretched configurations, the lighter mass in the neck region remains at rest or with very low momentum in the center of mass. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Decoherence from a spin chain with Dzyaloshinskii—Moriya interaction

We study the dynamics of quantum discord and entanglement for two spin qubits coupled to a spin chain with Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction.In the case of a two-qubit with an initial pure state,quantum correlations decay to zero at the critical point of the environment in a very short time.In the case of a two-qubit with initial mixed state,it is found that quantum discord may get maximized due to the quantum critical behavior of the environment,while entanglement vanishes under the same condition.Besides,we observed a sudden transition between classical and quantum decoherence when only a single qubit interacts with the environment.The effects of Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction on quantum correlations are considered in the two cases.The decay of quantum correlations is always strengthened by Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction.     

Recoil effects in peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions at E/A=84 MeV

Azimuthal angular correlations between projectile fragments and light particles have been measured in ¹⁸O induced reactions on ^58.64Ni and ¹⁹⁷Au targets at E/A=84 MeV. Neither sequential projectile decay nor evaporation from an equilibrated target-like recoil can explain the observed correlations. The data are well described in terms of a sideways-moving source suggesting emission of midrapidity light particles from a subset of nucleons which carries a major part of the transverse recoil momentum imparted by the projectile fragment.     

Top quark production at hadron colliders: Some useful formulae

We present compact expressions for the amplitudes describing production and decay of heavy top-anti-top quark pairs in hadron-hadron collisions. We include both the effects of a finite width of the W particles in the top quark decay and those of a non-zerob quark mass, as well as the complete spin correlations in the decays. Also a very compact analytical result for the width of the top quark including all these effects is given.     

Energy Correlations between Fragments and Light Charged Particles in Reaction of 25MeV/u 40Ar+115In

The correlations between the emitted fragments at θ_lab=15°and the light charged particles(LCPs) at the close geometry configuration in the reaction of 25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹¹⁵In were measured. The energy correlations between fragments (4≤Zf≤14) and the LCPs including proton, deuterium, tritium and a particle as well as the energy spectra of the LCPs were obtained. The result shows the existence of sequential decay mechanism. It is found that the peak position of angular correlation is at the small angles and the most probable correlation angle is at 2°or so; The peak positions of the two components in the energy spectra of LCPs increase gradually with the mass of correlated partner; The lighter primaly products are more easier to be excited and decay to IMFs and the LCPs. In the Sequential decay, the yield of the LCPs with more heavier mass is higher than that of the lighter LCPs. The result reveals that the total correlation yield ratios summed over the fragments of Z_f=4—14 are 1: 1. 3: 1. 78: 7. 57 for proton, deuterium, tritium and a particles, respectively.     

Momentum and spin density in magnetite

Measurements are reported of the angular correlation of annihilation radiation from polarized positrons in single crystals of Fe₃O₄. No change has been found in the angular correlations on passing through the metal-nonmetal phase transition. The twophoton momentum distribution, obtained by deconvolution of a set of angular correlations, displays a slight anisotropy. The spin density consists of a negative peak at zero momentum surrounded by a shell of positive density between 2 and 5 mrad. The observed spin density is probably a mixture of contributions from the moment on the ferrous ions and from the spin transfer onto the anions owing to covalency effects.