含碳硼烷金属有机化学研究进展

碳硼烷因其独特的性质,及其在应用方面的广阔前景,受到化学家们的广泛关注。本文将从结构、合成、机理、催化,以及生物活性等方面概述含碳硼烷的金属有机化学的部分最新进展。着重论述了与16e金属碳硼烷相关的反应、机理及产物。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a B-H Activated Compound Containing a Furan Ring and an ortho-Carborane Cage

A new compound [CpCo（Se2C2BIoH9）CH2C（O）C4H30] has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR, MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 10.9481（10）, b = 24.6600（12）, c = 25.7430（14） A, β = 100.863（3）°, C42H57B30Co306Se6＂CH2C12＂0.25H20, Mr = 1722.16, V = 6825.6（8） A3, Dc= 1.676 g/cm3, Z = 1 and F（000） = 3346. The molecular structure shows a 1：1 ratio product of the two reactants of 16e half-sandwich complex CpCo（Se2C2B10H10） and alkyne 1-（2-furyl）-2-propyn-l-one. The hydrogen atom in the B（3） position of CpCo（Se2C2B10HIo） has been activated and migrated to the terminal carbon of 1-（2-furyl）- 2-propyn-l-one to form the B-CH2 unit. The title compound molecules are linked and extended further into a one-dimensional chain through atypical hydrogen bonds.     

半夹心结构含1，2-二硫碳硼烷的铑配合物的合成以及结构表征

室温下,18-电子体系的半夹心铑配合物Cp*Rh(L)S₂C₂(B₁₀H₁₀)(L=4-ClCH₂-C₆H₄N (2a),4-CH₃SCH₂-C₆H₄N (2b))可以通过16-电子体系的半夹心铑配合物[Cp*Rh[₂C₂(B₁₀H₁₀)]与吡啶衍生物合成。化合物通过IR、¹H NMR和元素分析进行了表征,并用X-射线单晶衍射测定了配合物2a和2b的单晶结构。     

系列过渡金属与三角架多咪唑配合物的合成、结构及表征

以三氨乙基胺和N－甲基咪唑醛为原料合成了三角架多咪唑配体((min)₃tren)，并合成了五个过渡金属配合物：[Zn(min)₃tren](ClO₄)₂1， [Cu(min)₃tren](ClO₄)₂2, [Ni(min)₃tren](ClO₄)₂3, [Co(min)₃tren](ClO₄)₂4, and [Mn(min)₃tren](ClO₄)₂CH₃CN 5，通过元素分析，摩尔电导率，红外和电子光谱确定了化合物的组成。对配合物4和5进行了晶体结构测定。结果表明，在这两个化合物中金属原子均处于扭曲的八面体配位环境，分别与三个亚胺氮原子和三个咪唑氮原子配位。配合物4和5的电化学研究表明在乙腈溶液中，有[Co-O₂]^n-和[Mn-O₂]^n-存在，认为4和5是很好的超氧化物清除剂。     

Synthesis,Characterization and DFT Study of a New Family of High-Energy Compounds Based on s-Triazine,Carborane and Tetrazoles

An efficient one-pot synthesis of carborane-containing high-energy compounds was developed via the exploration of carbon–halogen bond functionalization strategies in commercially available 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine. The synthetic pathway first included the substitution of two chlorine atoms in s-triazine with 5-R-tetrazoles (R = H, Me, Et) units to form disubstituted tetrazolyl 1,3,5-triazines followed by the sequential substitution of the remaining chlorine atom in 1,3,5-triazine with carborane N- or S-nucleophiles. All new compounds were characterized by IR- and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of four new compounds was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The density functional theory method (DFT B3LYP/6-311 + G*) was used to study the geometrical structures, enthalpies of formation (EOFs), energetic properties and highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) energies and the detonation properties of synthesized compounds. The DFT calculation revealed compounds processing the maximum value of the detonation velocity or the maximum value of the detonation pressure. Theoretical terahertz frequencies for potential high-energy density materials (HEDMs) were computed, which allow the opportunity for the remote detection of these compounds.     

一种新颖酰基硫脲金属簇合物的合成与晶体结构

报道了一种新型酰基硫脲金属簇合物[Cu₆(HL)₆] (HL＝N-乙氧羰基-N'-4-氟苯基硫脲)的合成和晶体结构. 对化合物用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、差热-热重分析确定了配合物的组成, 并经X射线单晶衍射法确定了其单晶结构. 晶体结构表明, 该化合物属于三斜晶系, 空间群, a＝1.2508(11) nm, b＝1.3011(11) nm, c＝1.4686(12) nm, a＝102.401(14)°, β＝97.859(2)°, γ＝114.700(13)°, V＝2.051(3) nm³, Z＝1, D_c＝1.687 Mg/m³. 标题化合物是由六个铜离子和六个硫脲配体组成的笼状金属簇合物, 每一个硫脲配体上与乙氧酰基相连的氮原子与铜进行配位, 并且配体上硫羰基上的硫原子与铜也发生配位作用, 使它们互相连接形成畸变的多面体结构.     

The Coordination and Transformation of Arene Rings by Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Complexes

A survey of the synthetic pathways and of the reactivity and catalytic activity of transition metal carbonyl clusters substituted with benzyne (and, for comparison, benzene and diene) ligands is given. Cluster-surface analogies are helpful in gaining an understanding of the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic behaviour of the clusters.     

一个含呋喃环顺磁性碳硼烷衍生物的合成及其生成机理

半夹芯16e化合物CpCoS₂C₂B₁₀H₁₀（Cp：cyclopentadienyl）（1）与2-呋喃炔酮在物质的量比为1：1.5时反应分离得到1个顺磁性化合物CpCoS₂C₂B₁₀H₉（C₁₂H₁₀O₂）（2）。在化合物2的合成过程中,一分子1中的Cp环与另一分子1中的B（3）/B（6）位连接;同时,该Cp环与1个2-呋喃炔酮分子发生Diels-Alder反应,生成1个双环[2.2.1]-2-庚烯基结构单元。此外,呋喃炔酮分子中的末端炔基碳原子与原料1中的1个硫原子相连,从而使得产物2中的钴中心离子是个17e中心。化合物2用红外、核磁、元素分析,质谱和单晶X-射线衍射分析等方法进行了表征。晶体属三斜晶系,空间群P1,晶胞参数：a=0.96657（11）nm,b=1.54423（15）nm,c=1.75650（18）nm,α=114.0800（10）°,β=105.433（2）°,γ=98.6390（10）°。     

基于羧苄基紫精配体构筑的三种多重响应配合物

以羧苄基紫精配体1,1''-双（4-羧苄基）-4,4''-联吡啶二氯化物（（H₂Bpybc） Cl₂）为功能主体,引入辅助配体1,3,5-苯三甲酸（H₃BTC）,与不同金属离子自组装反应,合成了3个配合物{[Cd （Bpybc）_0.5（HBTC）（H₂O）]·0.6H₂O}_n （1）、[Ni （Bpybc）_0.5（HBTC）（H₂O）₄]（2）和[Co （Bpybc）_0.5（HBTC）（H₂O）₄]（3）。其中,配合物1为2D结构,而配合物2和3为0D结构。同时,3种配合物表现出不同的变色性能。配合物1是由于产生紫精自由基而具有光致变色行为,而配合物2和3的光致变色行为是光诱导形成紫精自由基及金属离子的氧化反应共同导致的。此外,配合物2还表现出由电子转移而导致的热致变色行为,而配合物3表现出脱水和吸水引起的可逆结构改变而导致的颜色变化。这些结果表明,金属离子对紫精配合物的结构及变色性能具有明显的调控作用。     

Synthesis and structure of isomeric (μ-H)Os<Subscript>3</Subscript>(μ,η<Superscript>2</Superscript>-(O,N)-6,6-clusters of dimethyl-2-methylene-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one oxime)(CO)<Subscript>10</Subscript>. Crystal structure of one of the isomers

(-H)₂Os₃(,²-(O,N)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-3-one oxime)(CO)₁₀ isomeric clusters have been synthesized, separated chromatographically, and investigated by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of one of the isomers has been determined (Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 automatic diffractometer, graphite monochromator, MoK , /2 scan mode at a variable rate). The crystals are monoclinic with unit cell parameters: a = 9.125(2) , b = 13.629(3) , c = 10.098(2) , = 90.16(3)°, V = 1255.8(4) ³, space group P2₁, Z = 2, composition (-H)₂Os₃(,²-ONC₁₀H₁₄)(CO)₁₀, d _calc = 2.647 g/cm³. The structure is molecular; the planes of the Os₃ triangle and the OsONOs bridging ligand are linked according to the butterfly pattern with an angle of 102.0° between the planes. The Os-Os bonds vary within the range 2.840 –2.882 .Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by V. A. Maksakov, N. V. Pervukhina, S. V. Korenev, N. V. Podberezskaya, V. P. Kirin, and A. V. TkachevTranslated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 698–705, July–August, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Syntheses and Characterization of Half—Sandwich Zirconium Complexes with Dichalcogenolate o—Carborane Ligands

Metallocene complex Cp2^ttZrCl2(Cp^tt=η^5-1,3-^tBu2C5H3)(1)has been prepared from the reaction of LiCp^tt with ZrCl4 in good yield.Reactions of 1 with dilithium dichalcogenolate o-carboranes afforded new type of half-sandwich compounds with dichalcogenolate o-carboranyl ligands,[Li(THF)4][Cp^ttZr(E2C2B10H10)2](E=S,2a;E=Se,2b)in which only one cyclopentadienyl ring ligand existed.Complexes 1 and 2a were structurally characterized by X-ray analyses.In complex 2a,the Zr(IV)ion is η^5-bound to one 1,3-ditert-cyclopentadienyl ring and σ-bound to four μ2-sulfur atoms of two dithio-carboranes.the zirconium atom and four sulfur atoms form a distorted pyramid.The coordination sphere around the zirconium atom resembles in a piano stool structure with four legs of sulfur stoms and the fulcrum at the zirconium stom.     

Metalloradicals Supported by a meta‐Carborane Ligand

In this work, a pincer‐type complex [Cp*Ir‐(SNPh)(SNHPh)(C₂B₁₀H₉)] ( 2 ) was synthesized and its reactivity studied in detail. Interestingly, molecular hydrogen can induce the transformation between the metalloradical [Cp*Ir‐(SNPh)₂(C₂B₁₀H₉)] ( 5 ^.) and 2 . A mixed‐valence complex, [(Cp*Ir)₂‐(SNPh)₂(C₂B₁₀H₈)] ( 7 ^.+), was also synthesized by one‐electron oxidation. Studies show that 7 ^.+ is fully delocalized, possessing a four‐centered‐one‐electron (S‐Ir‐Ir‐S) bonding interaction. DFT calculations were also in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Synthesis and Isolation of Titanium Metal Cluster Complexes and Ligand-Coated Nanoparticles with a Laser Vaporization Flowtube Reactor

A new laser vaporization flow reactor (LVFR) is described consisting of a laser ablation cluster source combined with a fast flowtube reactor for the production and isolation of ligand-coated metal clusters. The source includes high repetition rate laser vaporization with a 100 Hz KrF (248 nm) excimer laser, while cluster growth and passivation with ligands takes place in a flowtube with ligand addition via a nebulizer spray. Samples are isolated in a low temperature trap and solutions containing the clusters are analyzed with laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Initial experiments with this apparatus have trapped Ti _x (ethylenediamine) _y complexes which apparently have linear metal units with octahedral ligand coordination. Other experiments have produced and isolated clusters of the form Ti _x O _y (THF) _z that apparently have linear metal oxide cores and larger (TiO₂) _x (THF) _y nanoparticle species. The isolation of these new cluster species suggest that the LVFR instrument has considerable potential for the production of new nanocluster materials.     

基于3,4-吡唑二甲酸为配体的两个过渡金属配合物的合成、结构及荧光性质

以3,4-吡唑二甲酸(H3pdc)为配体分别与氯化铜、氯化镍反应,得到了2个过渡金属配合物:[M(H2pdc)2(H2O)2]·2H2O(M=Cu(1)和Ni(2)),用元素分析、红外光谱、X-单晶衍射结构分析、热重分析和荧光分析对其进行了表征。晶体结构分析表明配合物1和2均为单核结构,金属离子与来自2个H2pdc-中的2个N原子和2个羧基O原子,以及2个水分子中的2个O原子配位,形成六配位的八面体构型。配合物1和2中的独立结构单元[M(H2pdc)2(H2O)2]·2H2O通过3种分子间氢键(O-H…O,N-H…O和C-H…O)形成三维(3D)空间结构;此外我们还研究了配合物1和2的热稳定性和荧光性质。     

Strong σ‐Hole Activation on Icosahedral Carborane Derivatives for a Directional Halide Recognition

Crystal engineering based on σ‐hole interactions is an emerging approach for realization of new materials with higher complexity. Neutral inorganic clusters derived from 1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane, substituted with ‐SeMe, ‐TeMe, and ‐I moieties on both skeletal carbon vertices are experimentally demonstrated herein as outstanding chalcogen‐ and halogen‐bond donors. In particular, these new molecules strongly interact with halide anions in the solid‐state. The halide ions are coordinated by one or two donor groups (μ₁‐ and μ₂‐coordinations), to stabilize a discrete monomer or dimer motifs to 1D supramolecular zig‐zag chains. Crucially, the observed chalcogen bond and halogen bond interactions feature remarkably short distances and high directionality. Electrostatic potential calculations further demonstrate the efficiency of the carborane derivatives, with V_s,max being similar or even superior to that of reference organic halogen‐bond donors, such as iodopentafluorobenzene.     

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of a Series of Coordination Complexes Derived from the Fluorescein Ligand

Solvothermal reaction of lanthanide(Ⅲ) salts with fluorescein (2-(6-hydroxy3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid) led to a series of new coordination polymers {[Ln(C 20 H 11 O 5)(C 20 H 10 O 5)(H 2 O)]·DMF} n (Ln=Er,Eu,Gd,Tb,Tm,Yb).The PXRD patterns of the complexes indicate they are isomorphous.The structure of complex {[Er(C 20 H 11 O 5)(C 20 H 10 O 5)(H 2 O)]·DMF} n has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,revealing a 2D framework in which DMF molecules were filled between the layers.The crystal structure belongs to the triclinic system,space group P1,with a=12.107(4),b=12.232(4),c=13.273(4),α=68.005(7),β=88.024(11),γ=77.451(8)°,V=1776.7(9) 3,Z=2,D c=1.720 g/cm 3,μ=2.434 mm-1,F(000)=918,R int=0.0584,T=293(2) K,the final R=0.0621 and wR=0.1501.     

含双水杨醛Schiff碱配体的双核配合物的合成及晶体结构

合成了4个含双水杨醛Schiff碱配体的双核过渡金属配合物,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱,热重分析以及X-射线单晶衍射等手段对所得配合物进行了表征。结果表明,配合物1、3和4都属于三斜晶系,空间群为P1,而配合物2属于单斜晶系,空间群为C2/c。在配合物1中,2个Cu髤离子具有不同的配位构型,其中一个Cu髤形成了五配位的四角锥构型,而另一个Cu髤形成了平面正方形构型。配合物4中,通过酚氧原子的桥联作用,双核单元相互连接形成了一维链状结构。     

Effects of cis/trans-Configuration and Ligand Substitution of the Cyanidometal Bridge on Metal to Metal Charge Transfer Properties in Mixed Valence Complexes

To investigate the effects of cis/trans-configuration of the cyanidometal bridge and the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge on metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) in cyanidometal-bridged mixed valence compounds, two groups of trinuclear cyanidometal-bridged compounds cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(4,4’-dmbpy)₂(μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF₆]_n (n=2 ( cis/trans - 1[PF₆]₂ ), 3 ( cis/trans - 1[PF₆]₃ ), 4 ( cis/trans - 1[PF₆]₄ )) and cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(bpy)₂(μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF₆]₃ ( cis/trans - 2[PF₆]₃ ) were synthesized and fully characterized. The experimental results indicate that for these one- and two-electron oxidation mixed valence compounds, the trans-configuration compounds are more beneficial for MMCT than the cis-configuration compounds, and increasing the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge is also conductive to MMCT. Moreover, compounds cis/trans - 1[PF₆]_n (n=3, 4) and cis/trans - 2[PF₆]₃ belong to localized compounds by analyzing the experimental characterization results, supported by the TDDFT calculations.