串联检测器同时测定农产品中两大类农药残留的研究

建立了串联DAD和FLD检测器同时测定农产品中具有紫外吸收和荧光性质的农药残留的分析方法。农产品样品经过乙腈提取,采用固相萃取柱对提取液进一步净化,采用特殊的方案将DAD检测器和FLD检测器串联起来,对样品进行检测分析。优化结果表明:乙腈高速匀浆2min或恒温振荡30min、采用500mg/6mL复合氨基柱、内径0.175mm的不锈钢管线或Peek管串联DAD和FLD,样品先经过DAD检测器,流出液再经过FLD的方式串联时,农药的回收率最佳。实验的六种代表农药在10～400μg·L~(-1)呈良好的线性关系。在0.025μg·g~(-1)～0.1μg·g~(-1)的添加浓度下,六种目标分析物在蔬菜和水果中的回收率在79.6%～98.6%之间,相对标准偏差5.7%～9.2%。本方法前处理过程简单,灵敏度高,净化效果好,适用于蔬菜和水果中具有紫外吸收和荧光性质的两大类农药残留分析。     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列/荧光检测器串联法同时测定精油中的七种性激素

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)-二极管阵列检测器(DAD)/荧光检测器(FLD)串联技术同时测定精油中7种性激素(雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮、睾酮、甲基睾酮、孕酮、己烯雌酚)的方法。样品先用正己烷溶解后,用90%的甲醇水溶液提取,弃去正己烷层,下层清液再用正己烷脱脂、净化2次,目标化合物以水-甲醇-乙腈(体积比为50:30:20)为流动相,经XTerraRP18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm )分离,用DAD-FLD串联法进行检测。雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮、己烯雌酚的DAD检测波长为197 nm,睾酮、甲基睾酮、孕酮的DAD检测波长为240 nm。雌二醇、雌三醇、雌酮同时用FLD定性定量,激发波长为280 nm,发射波长为310 nm。7种性激素分离效果良好并消除了样品中杂质峰的干扰。7种性激素除孕酮的回收率为79.5%以外,其余组分的平均回收率均在93%以上;相对标准偏差为0.90%～1.89%;检出限为0.010 ～1.0 mg/L。该方法简便、准确,可用于同时测定精油中的7种性激素。     

气相色谱法测定多环芳烃时氢火焰离子化检测器响应的探讨

采用气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)对多环芳烃(PAH′s)萘、菲、蒽、荧蒽和苯并[a]蒽等进行测定。提出了摩尔碳原子响应值(Rc)和相对摩尔碳原子响应值(RRc)的概念,并描述了不同PAH′S的Rc和RRc的变化规律。通过多元线性拟合得到了PAH′S中两种不同碳原子C_1和C_0的个数与摩尔响应值(R)之间的数量关系。     

饮水中多环芳烃的高效液相色谱分析-柱子切换和检测波长程序法

不少多环芳烃(PAH)对人类有致癌或致突变的特性,分离和测定各类水(地面水、饮用水等)中PAH含量历来是环境分析者感兴趣的课题。对于PAH的分离与测定,以色谱法居多。本文报道了水中痕量PAH先经Seppak-C_(18)富集,再用液相色谱柱切换和荧光检测波长分级程序法进行分离测定。方法的色谱检测极限为0.01μg/1。实验 (一)主要仪器及试剂 HPLC仪器由M6000A泵、U6K进样器、M440紫外检测器(UV.254nm,Waters Co.)     

在线净化-高效液相色谱双检测器法测定土壤中多菌灵、磺胺类、新烟碱类农兽药残留

建立了同时检测对土壤中磺胺脒、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、烯啶虫胺、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、多菌灵7种农药残留的在线净化-双检测器-高效液相色谱新方法。实验对提取净化和分析条件进行了优化,得出最佳实验条件:土壤样品经提取液(甲醇:乙腈:二氯甲烷=5:4:1,V/V/V)提取,氮吹浓缩后直接进样,经在线固相萃取(SPE)柱在线净化,梯度洗脱经反相C18色谱柱分离,二极管阵列(DAD)检测器串联荧光(FLD)检测器检测,外标法定量,12 min内即可完成7种农兽药的检测。7种农药检出限为1.1~3.0×10~(-3)mg/kg(S/N=3),线性范围内线性相关系数均在0.9999以上。空白土壤样品在0.05,0.10,0.32 mg/kg添加水平的平均加标回收率为71.92%~103.88%,相对标准偏差为0.07%~4.1%。     

用于气相色谱的紫外吸收检测器

一、前言关于紫外吸收检测器在气相色谱中的应用,Kaye早在1961年就进行了研究,近年来又有新的进展。1980年Novotny等报导了紫外吸收检测器在毛细管柱气相色谱中的应用。我们用气相色谱填充柱与固定波长(254nm)紫外吸收检测器进行了联用的研究,并设计了长光路反射吸收池,可提高灵敏度约5倍。检测器对萘的最小检出限为18×10~(-9)g,敏感度为2.9×10~-(10)g/ml。二、仪器装置仪器装置流程示于图1。色谱仪为自制,其柱出口的温度有专门的恒温装置,并可与检测器方便地联接,紫外检测器采用上海分析仪器厂生产的150型高效液相色谱仪的附件,其光源为低压汞灯,光源的散射     

蒸发光散射检测技术研究进展

目前,高效液相色谱(HPLC)日益普及,所分析的样品范围也越来越广。检测器作为HPLC仪的重要组成部分,其发展在某种意义上决定着HPLC技术的进步[1]。作为一种HPLC检测技术,蒸发光散射检测(ELSD)不仅可弥补常规紫外检测(UVD)不能检测无紫外吸收或只有紫外末端吸收物质的缺陷,而且与     

分析ppb级硫化物的火焰光度检测器

前言用气相色谱法测定气体中微量硫化合物,一直是色谱分析的一个难题。早期的各种检测器如热导池、氩离子化检测器和微电量仪等,由于灵敏度不高或选择性不好,很难测出大量干扰组分存在下ppm级的个别硫化合物。1966年Brodey和Chaney提出火焰光度检测器(FPD)后,硫化物的色谱分析才有了较大的进展。 FPD是一种对含硫(磷)化合物具有高灵敏度和高选择性的检测器。其作用原理是在富氢     

芯片毛细管电泳荧光检测器灵敏度的研究

本文采用倒置荧光显微镜,以汞灯为激发光源,自行设计组装了芯片毛细管电泳荧光检测系统。以荧光素异硫氰酸酯(FITC)为检测对象,对双通道门控光子计数器、CH151型光子计数探测器、电荷耦合器件(CCD)三种荧光检测器的灵敏度进行了比较研究。根据芯片毛细管电泳图谱分析,FITC在双通道门控光子计数器、CH151型光子计数探测器、CCD三种检测器中的检出限(S/N=3)分别为7.0×10-10mol/L,1.2×10-9mol/L,3.2×10-8mol/L。进一步采用CH151型光子计数探测器和CCD两种较常用检测器,对FITC和荧光素、曙红和荧光素两组荧光试剂的分离及检测进行了研究。结果表明,使用CH151型光子计数探测器作为检测器,灵敏度高,基线稳定,信噪比高。     

新型光离子化检测器

近几年来,光离子化检测器(Photoionization Detector,简称PID)的性能不断改进和完善,又为气相色谱在化学、生物学、医学、环境保护以及其它科学技术领域的应用,提供了新的、有效的检测手段。在1960年,Lovelock曾发表关于离子化检测器的论述,除氢火焰离子化检测器、截面积离子化检测器、电子捕获检测器之外,也提出了光离子化检测器(PID)。离子化检测器的基本原理,都是致使物质离子化,测定形成的离子流,进行色谱检出和定量测定。各种离子化检测器的离子化途径,则是互不相同的。在PID中,使用紫外光的辐射能,进行样品组份的激发电离,收集、放大和测定所形成的离子流,进行气相色谱的定性和定量。     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry.

We describe a method for the simultaneous determination of 12 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment based on liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (LC/APPI/MS). The method consists of PAH extractions by ultrasonics, clean-up by a solid-phase extraction procedure and determination by LC/APPI/MS. The limits of the determination for PAHs in sediment using the proposed method ranged from 0.06 to 0.9 mg/kg. PAHs were detected by this method in sediment samples on the mg/kg level.     

Polyaromatic hydrocarbon profile of a mineral oil (JBO-P) by gas chromatography

The present investigation was aimed at identifying the compound(s) responsible for the carcinogenic activity of a variety of jute batching oil (known as non-FDA variety, pre-FDA variety, or JBO-P), a crude petroleum distillate substantially used in jute industries. This was initially performed by isolating from JBO-P a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction containing compounds of more than three rings. This fraction was then analysed for its PAH profile by gas chromatography and individual components identified by comparing its flame ionisation detector (FID) signal with those obtained from reference PAHs. The results revealed that PAHs of more than three rings, reported to be a recognised class of chemical carcinogens, were present in the JBO-P sample at the level of 3300 mg/kg of oil (0.33%, w/w); benzo(a)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene, known to be highly potent carcinogens, constituted 129 mg/kg (0.0129%, w/w) and 29 mg/kg (0.0029%, w/w) of the total oil, respectively; and except for a few signals, the PAH profile of JBO-P was found to be somewhat similar to that reported for a sample of carcinogenic used engine oil.     

Comprehensive analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater using stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

The objective of this study was the optimization and comparison of two extraction methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wastewater (WW). A distribution study of the target compounds between the aqueous phase and the suspended particulate matter (SPM) has been performed in order to establish whether the analysis of both phases is necessary. In this sense, the feasibility of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the determination of 24 PAHs in WW samples has been evaluated. The results demonstrated the suitability of SBSE to perform a comprehensive analysis of liquid samples containing high amounts of SPM, such as in the determination of PAHs in WWs. A gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS/MS) method has been also optimized for the separation and detection of the target compounds, avoiding the co-elution of some groups of isomers, such as benzo[b], [j] and [k] fluoranthenes and indene[1,2,3-cd]pyrene/dibenz[a,h]anthracene. For that purpose, a specific capillary column developed for PAH determination was used. The SBSE procedure was validated and adequate parameters (such as recovery, linearity, precision, limits of detection and quantification) were obtained. Finally, the validated method was applied to the analysis of real samples collected from an experimental WW treatment plant, detecting some PAHs at concentrations in the range 0.007-0.022 μg L(-1).     

Analysis of EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food supplements using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet, diode array or fluorescence detector

High performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet, diode array or fluorescence detector (HPLC/UV-FLD) has been used to set up a method to detect the 15(+1) EU priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in food supplements covering the categories of dried plants and plant extracts excluding oily products. A mini validation was performed and the following parameters have been determined: limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, recovery and linearity. They were in close agreement with quality criteria described in the Commission Regulation (EC) No 333/2007 concerning the PAH benzo[a]pyrene in foodstuffs, except the not fluorescent cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene for which the UV detection leads to a higher limit of detection. Analysis of twenty commercial food supplements covering mainly the class of dried plants was performed to evaluate their PAHs contamination levels and to test the applicability of the method to various plant matrices. Fifty percent of analyzed samples showed concentration exceeding 2 μg kg⁻¹ for one or more PAHs.     

超声萃取-高效液相色谱法测定沉积物中多环芳烃

提出了高效液相色谱法测定沉积物中多环芳烃(PAH′s)含量的方法。样品中多环芳烃用正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合溶液超声提取,离心分离后,所得萃取液经蒸发浓缩,然后过装有1g无水硫酸钠和2g硅胶的层析柱净化。以Varian PAHs色谱柱为分离柱,不同比例配成的甲醇和水为流动相梯度洗脱,用荧光检测器检测。方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.34～1.52ng.g-1之间。方法用于沉积物中多环芳烃的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.2%～10.6%之间。用标准加入法测定方法的回收率,结果在57.1%～103.4%之间     

柱前手性衍生化反相高效液相色谱法分离拉贝洛尔对映体

以乙酰葡萄糖异硫氰酸酯（GITC）作柱前手性衍生化试剂,用反相高效液相色谱法成功地分离了拉贝洛尔的两对对映异构体,并以荧光检测和紫外检测作对照,确认了4个衍生物的色谱峰。     

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization or electrospray ionization with tropylium post-column derivatization

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with four to six rings are potent carcinogens. This study analyzed ten of the sixteen US EPA priority PAHs using reversed-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring mode with two ionization sources: positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI+) or positive elecrtrospray ionization (ESI+) with tropylium post-column derivatization. Several factors were investigated, including mobile phases, stationary phases of columns and chromatographic temperature, to determine how optimal separation and sensitivity might be achieved. Methanol used as an organic mobile phase provided better sensitivities for most PAHs than acetonitrile, although some PAHs co-eluted. Acidic buffers did not increase analyte signals. Use of Restek Pinnacle II PAH columns (250 x 4.6 mm or 250 x 2.1 mm, 5 microm) with water/acetonitrile gradient at 27 degrees C made possible a good separation of the ten analytes. [M]+. were the best precursor ions in both APCI and ESI, although fluoranthene could not be detected in ESI mode when tropylium post-column derivatization was performed. [M-28]+ and [M-52]+ were the major product ions of PAHs after collision-induced dissociation, a result of neutral losses of C(2)H(4) and (C(2)H(2))(2), respectively. Chromatographic separation for PAH isomers was crucial because the mass spectra were so similar that even MS/MS could not distinguish them from each other. The recoveries of sample preparations of PAHs spiked onto air-sampling filters ranged between 77.5 and 106% with relative standard deviations between 1.1 and 15.9%. This method was validated by analyzing NIST SRM 1649a (urban dust), producing results comparable with the certified PAH concentrations. The detection limits using APCI and ESI interfaces, defined as three times the noise levels, ranged between 0.23 and 0.83 ng and between 0.16 and 0.84 ng of on-column injection, respectively.     

直观推导式演进特征投影法解析多环芳烃的重叠色谱峰

用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定多环芳烃时,因芴、苊和菲,茚(1,2,3-cd)芘和苯并(g,h,i)苝的色谱峰严重重叠而影响测定结果。本研究用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(DAD)和荧光检测器(FLD)测定多环芳烃,在激发波长λex=230nm,发射波长λem=300～500nm范围内采集重叠峰的HPLC-FLD二维色谱数据,再用直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP)解析它们的重叠色谱峰,分辨结果令人满意。该方法对重叠组分的分辨下限为0.02mg/L。结果表明,用二维色谱荧光数据解析色谱重叠峰,灵敏度更高,可用于环境样品中多环芳烃的测定。     

Comparison of immunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently encountered in the environment and may pose health concerns due to their carcinogenicity. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was evaluated as a screening method for monitoring PAHs at contaminated sites. The ELISA was a carcinogenic PAH (C-PAH) RaPID assay testing kit that cross-reacts with several PAHs and utilizes benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a calibrator. Soil samples were extracted with 50% acetone in dichloromethane (DCM) for analysis by ELISA and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overall method precision was within ±30% for ELISA and within ±20% for GC-MS. Recovery data for spiked soils ranged from 46 to 140% for BaP as determined by ELISA. Recoveries data of the GC-MS surrogate standards, 2-fluorobiphenyl and chrysene, were greater than 70%. The GC-MS procedure detected a total of 19 priority PAHs (2-6-ring PAHs) including seven probable human carcinogens (4-6-ring B2-PAHs). The ELISA results were compared to GC-MS summation results for the total 19 target PAHs as well as for the subset of the seven B2-PAH compounds. For all soil samples, the PAH concentrations derived from ELISA were greater than the sum of B2-PAH concentrations obtained by GC-MS. ELISA determinations were also frequently greater than the results obtained by GC-MS for the total 19 PAH compounds. This discrepancy can be expected, since the ELISA is a screening assay for the detection of several related PAHs while the GC-MS procedure detects priority PAH compounds. Thus, only a subset of PAHs (e.g. 19 PAHs) in the soil samples were measured by GC-MS while additional PAHs, including alkylated PAHs, and PAH derivatives have been demonstrated to be cross-reactive in the C-PAH ELISA. Results of paired tests show that the PAH data from ELISA and GC-MS methods are significantly different (P<0.001), but highly correlated. The ELISA data had a strong positive relationship with the GC-MS summation data for the B2-PAHs as well as for the 19 PAHs targeted by the GC-MS method. Results indicate that the ELISA may be useful as a broad screen for monitoring PAHs in environmental samples.     

超高效合相色谱快速分析塑料制品中的18种多环芳烃

建立了一种超高效合相色谱-二极管阵列检测器快速分析塑料制品中萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、(屈艹) 、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(j)荧蒽、苯并(e)芘、苯并(a)芘、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝(二萘嵌苯)的方法。以甲苯为溶剂,超声萃取实际塑料制品中的多环芳烃,经超高效合相色谱分析。采用Daicel IB-3手性色谱柱,以CO₂为流动相,甲醇/乙腈(25:75, v/v)为流动相助溶剂,在柱温为40 ℃,背压为15.17 MPa的条件下,18种多环芳烃在8.5 min之内实现基线分离。18种多环芳烃的线性范围为0.05~50 mg/L(r≥0.9995),定量限(S/N> 10)为0.05 mg/L。加标回收率为78.3%~117.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)小于5%。该方法具有分析速度快、分离效率高、节约有机溶剂的优点。