耦合辐射的三维热化学非平衡流数值模拟

发展耦合辐射的三维热化学非平衡流场计算方法,可用于非结构网格.采用Jameson有限体积法求解耦合辐射源项的三维N-S方程.辐射源项通过求解辐射输运方程(Radiative Transport Equation RTE)获得.在空间方向上离散后,采用有限体积法求解辐射输运方程.化学模型包含11个组元,20个化学反应.采用该数值方法计算MUSES-C模型在速度为11.6 km·s^-1时的绕流流场及前驻点处的辐射热流密度.并通过对比,分析热辐射对流场的影响.     

输油管道油流静电带电数值计算

对输油管道内油品流动带电问题的数值计算进行了研究.紊流条件下的电荷输运方程是一个对流占优的对流扩散反应方程,采用算子分裂法,将该方程分解为纯对流方程、纯扩散方程和纯反应方程,分别采用特征线法和差分法求解.算例证明,该方法能准确描述管道内电荷分布,因而提供了一种获取冲流电流的可靠方法.     

非结构网格上的B-B单方程模型湍流计算

研究如何在非结构网格上进行Navier Stokes(N-S)方程湍流计算.采用格心有限体积方法离散N-S方程.为了适应非结构网格,计算所用的湍流模型特别选用Baldwin Barth(B-B)单方程模型.此模型由一个单一的具有源项的对流扩散方程组成.为了能在非结构网格上求解B B单方程模型,提出一显式有限体积格式,并直接对带源项的格式进行稳定性分析,得到了相应的时间步长限制条件.最后以平板、RAE 2822翼型、多段翼型绕流等数值算例验证了计算方法的有效性.     

求解对流-扩散-反应问题的改进有限积分法

将求解偏微分方程的有限积分法应用于对流-扩散-反应问题,发现对于非对流占优的对流扩散问题,有限积分法的精度比QUICK法高一个数量级,比传统的有限体积法高两个数量级.处理对流占优的对流-扩散-反应问题时,对流项的离散时引进加权参数,通过调节该参数反映输运的方向性.结果表明这种改进的有限积分法的精度比传统的有限体积法至少高四个数量级,同时明显改进了原来的有限积分法的精度和稳定性.对于对流占优的对流-扩散-反应问题,即使采用粗网格,计算结果也未出现非物理振荡现象,表明改进的有限积分法具有很好的稳定性.     

基于非结构网格的不可压流动耦合求解器

采用非结构化网格有限容积法求解了不可压N-S方程组,对流项采用GAMMA格式,扩散项采用二阶中心差分格式建立离散方程,用SOAR算法处理压力与速度的耦合关系,得到了一种求解不可压N-S方程的非结构网格耦合求解器。通过方腔顶盖驱动流、后台阶绕流以及方腔自然对流等几个典型的算例,考察了求解器的计算精度及收敛特性,并与SIMPLE算法进行了比较,结果表明该求解器是有效可行的。     

数值模拟输运问题的一种破开算子方法

本文通过破开算子方法,把二维输运问题的控制方程破开为对流问题和扩散问题。在任意四边形网格的离散下,用特征线法解对流问题,并采用伽辽金加权余量法,从而有效地减少插值所引起的数值阻尼,提高计算精度。用有限单元法和迭代计算格式解扩散问题。由于采用了辛普生积分公式,在每个时间步长都不需要求逆矩律,节省了计算时间。算例表明,本文数值模拟结果与精确的理论解吻合较好。     

典型气固污染下城市小区微环境的数值模拟

利用仿真软件Fluent并结合用户自定义函数对处于典型气固污染状况下的城市居民小区微环境进行了数值模拟.其中对气相雷诺平均方程采用realizableκ-ε模型予以封闭求解,对离散相采用拉格朗日随机轨道模型进行计算,对气态污染物的输运和扩散采用标量对流扩散守恒方程进行描述.结果显示,典型道路污染物扩散与道路走向和风向密...     

基于三维Fokker-Planck方程的电子回旋波加热与电流驱动模拟

利用反弹平均的三维Fokker-Planck方程,对电子回旋波加热和电流驱动进行数值模拟.考虑超热电子径向扩散对电流驱动的影响,在方程中加入径向扩散输运项,采用九点格式的中心差分对方程进行数值离散得到系数矩阵,采用不完全LU分解对系数矩阵进行预处理,利用双共轭梯度稳定法求解得到分布函数.在不考虑电子径向扩散输运条件下,得到电子回旋波驱动电流密度与功率沉积密度的分布;考虑径向扩散输运的计算结果与BANDIT3D进行比较,驱动电流分布的趋势基本一致.     

积分节点迎风偏移的节点积分无单元Galerkin方法

建立求解稳态对流-扩散方程的-种稳定、高效的无单元Galerkin方法.该方法计算积分时采用基于局部Taylor展开的节点积分,并根据对流占优的程度对积分节点进行自适应迎风偏移.与传统的使用稳定化的无单元Galerkin方法相比,该方法是-种不依赖于背景网格积分的纯无网格方法,具有更好的稳定性和较高的计算效率,其程序实施更为简便.     

求解N-S方程的多边形网格与三角形网格对比

本文介绍了基于边的数据结果离散对流扩散方程的方法,编制了适用于任意多边形单元网格的有限容积法计算程序,利用方腔自然对流、外掠后台阶和移动顶盖驱等算例考察了三角形网格与多边形网格在数值计算方面的性能差别.结果表明,采用三角形网格收敛较慢且不容易获得网格无关的解,而采用与三角形网格对偶的多边形网格则收敛较快且易获得网格无关的解.     

Microfluidic mixing via acoustically driven chaotic advection

Mixing presents a notoriously difficult problem in small amounts of fluids. Herein, surface acoustic waves provide a convenient technique to generate time-dependent flow patterns. These flow patterns can be optimized in such a way that advected particles are mixed most efficiently in the fluid within a short time compared to the time pure diffusion would take. Investigations are presented for the mixing efficiency of a flat cylinder that is driven by two surface acoustic waves. The experimental results favorably agree with model calculations of the flow patterns and the advective transport.     

Numerical simulation of flow over urban-like topographies and evaluation of turbulence temporal attributes

We have used large-eddy simulation with an immersed boundary method to study turbulent flows over distributions of uniform height, staggered cubes. The computational domains were designed such that both the roughness sublayer and a region of the inertial layer are resolved. With this, we record vertical profiles of time series of fluctuating streamwise and vertical velocity at different locations throughout the domain. Contour images of these fluctuating quantities shown relative to elevation and time are studied; contour images of Reynolds shear stresses owing to ‘sweeps’ and ‘ejections’ are also studied. These images show that periods of momentum excess (deficit) in the inertial-layer precede excitation (subdual) of cube-scale coherent vortices in the roughness sublayer. We compute this time lag (termed advective lag) and demonstrate that it scales linearly with wall-normal elevation. The advective lag is attributed to coherent, low- and high-momentum regions in the aloft inertial layer. Vortex identification is used to illustrate the presence of hairpin packets encapsulating low-momentum regions. Based on this, the reported inclination angle associated with hairpin packets is used to guide the development of a model for prediction of advective lag with height. The model captures the advective lag profiles reasonably well. In the interest of generality, additional cases of flow over homogeneous roughness (aerodynamic drag imposed with the equilibrium logarithmic law) are considered. We again observe that advective lag scales linearly with wall-normal elevation. Advective lag predictions from the aforementioned model agree well with results for these cases.     

Passive Scalar Advection in Burgers Turbulence: Mapping-Closure Model

Passive scalar advection in Burgers turbulence is considered. Mapping-closure model based on the amplitudes is used. Advective stretching of scales is included. The simpler nature of this problem affords a convenient framework to clarify some aspects of mapping-closure analysis of coupled stochastic fields. The ability (or lack of it) of the joint action of advective stretching and molecular diffusion to generate non-Gaussian scalar statistics in Burgers turbulence in the absence of a non-Gaussian forcing is investigated.     

Pattern formation in a reaction-diffusion-advection system with wave instability

In this paper, we show by means of numerical simulations how new patterns can emerge in a system with wave instability when a unidirectional advective flow (plug flow) is added to the system. First, we introduce a three variable model with one activator and two inhibitors with similar kinetics to those of the Oregonator model of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. For this model, we explore the type of patterns that can be obtained without advection, and then explore the effect of different velocities of the advective flow for different patterns. We observe standing waves, and with flow there is a transition from out of phase oscillations between neighboring units to in-phase oscillations with a doubling in frequency. Also mixed and clustered states are generated at higher velocities of the advective flow. There is also a regime of "waving Turing patterns" (quasi-stationary structures that come close and separate periodically), where low advective flow is able to stabilize the stationary Turing pattern. At higher velocities, superposition and interaction of patterns are observed. For both types of patterns, at high velocities of the advective field, the known flow distributed oscillations are observed.     

A monotone finite volume method for advection–diffusion equations on unstructured polygonal meshes

We present a new second-order accurate monotone finite volume (FV) method for the steady-state advection–diffusion equation. The method uses a nonlinear approximation for both diffusive and advective fluxes and guarantees solution non-negativity. The interpolation-free approximation of the diffusive flux uses the nonlinear two-point stencil proposed in Lipnikov [23]. Approximation of the advective flux is based on the second-order upwind method with a specially designed minimal nonlinear correction. The second-order convergence rate and monotonicity are verified with numerical experiments.     

Semi-implicit magnetohydrodynamic calculations

A semi-implicit algorithm for the solution of the nonlinear, three-dimensional, resistive MHD equations in cylindrical geometry is presented. The specific model assumes uniform density and pressure, although this is not a restriction of the method. The spatial approximation employs finite differences in the radial coordinate, and the pseudo-spectral algorithm in the periodic poloidal and axial coordinates. A leapfrog algorithm is used to advance wave-like terms; advective terms are treated with a simple predictor-corrector method. The semi-implicit term is introduced as a simple modification to the momentum equation. Dissipation is treated implicitly. The resulting algorithm is unconditionally stable with respect to normal modes. A general discussion of the semi-implicit method is given, and specific forms of the semi-implicit operator are compared in physically relevant test cases. Long-time simulations are presented.     

耦合不可压流场输运方程的格子Boltzmann方法研究

基于格子Boltzmann方法,提出了求解耦合不可压缩流场输运方程的一种改进数值方法. 该方法使用格子Boltzmann方法求解流场方程,并根据流场格子模型的密度分布函数构建了输运方程的二阶离散格式. 通过二维平板通道流场输运系统验证了该方法的有效性.数值结果表明,该方法可以有效地减少计算过程中出现的非物理耗散, 并克服了传统模型所需巨大存储量的缺点.     

Multigrid Solution of the Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations for Density-Stratified Flow past Three-Dimensional Obstacles

The steady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in three dimensions are solved for neutral and stably stratified flow past three-dimensional obstacles of increasing spanwise width. The continuous equations are approximated using a finite volume discretisation on staggered grids with a flux-limited monotonic scheme for the advective terms. The discrete equations which arise are solved using a nonlinear multigrid algorithm with up to four grid levels using the SIMPLE pressure correction method as smoother. When at its most effective the multigrid algorithm is demonstrated to yield convergence rates which are independent of the grid density. However, it is found that the asymptotic convergence rate depends on the choice of the limiter used for the advective terms of the density equation, and some commonly used schemes are investigated. The variation with obstacle width of the influence of the stratification on the flow field is described and the results of the three-dimensional computations are compared with those of the corresponding computation of flow over a two-dimensional obstacle (of effectively infinite width). Also given are the results of time-dependent computations for three-dimensional flows under conditions of strong static stability when lee-wave propagation is present and the multigrid algorithm is used to compute the flow at each time step.     

Modern problems of thermodynamics

The role of energy and methods of its saving for the development of human society and life are analyzed. The importance of future use of space energy flows and energy of water and air oceans is emphasized. The authors consider the idea of the unit for production of electric energy and pure substances using sodium chloride which reserves are limitless on the planet. Looking retrospectively at the development of power engineering from the elementary fire to modern electric power station, we see that the used method of heat production, namely by direct interaction of fuel and oxidizer, is the simplest. However, it may be possible to combust coal, i.e., carbon in salt melt, for instance, sodium chloride that would be more rational and efficient. If the stated problems are solved positively, we would master all energy properties of the substance; and this is the main problem of thermodynamics being one of the sciences on energy.     

A comparison of the Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov method and the EVP model for solving the sea ice momentum equation with a viscous-plastic formulation: A serial algorithm study

Numerical convergence properties of a recently developed Jacobian-free Newton–Krylov (JFNK) solver are compared to the ones of the widely used EVP model when solving the sea ice momentum equation with a Viscous-Plastic (VP) formulation. To do so, very accurate reference solutions are produced with an independent Picard solver with an advective time step of 10 s and a tight nonlinear convergence criterion on 10, 20, 40, and 80-km grids. Approximate solutions with the JFNK and EVP solvers are obtained for advective time steps of 10, 20 and 30 min. Because of an artificial elastic term, the EVP model permits an explicit time-stepping scheme with a relatively large subcycling time step. The elastic waves excited during the subcycling are intended to damp out and almost entirely disappear such that the approximate solution should be close to the VP solution. Results show that residual elastic waves cause the EVP approximate solution to have notable differences with the reference solution and that these differences get more important as the grid is refined. Compared to the reference solution, additional shear lines and zones of strong convergence/divergence are seen in the EVP approximate solution. The approximate solution obtained with the JFNK solver is very close to the reference solution for all spatial resolutions tested.