电磁力诱导二次流对微流体混合效果影响的研究

设计了一种微流道中液体混合的方法, 基于电磁力的作用, 诱导微流道中二次流动 发生, 从而产生Dean涡, 使流道中流体出现往复运动及流体界面的弯曲延伸, 使不 同流体的接触面积大大地增加, 从而提高混合效率. 对3种结构的工况进行了比较. 建立了微流道混合系统的理论模型并进行了数值模拟,对流体混合过程进行了分析并对混合效率进行了评价. 进行了验证性的试验研究, 对模拟结果与试验结果进行了比较, 结果相吻合.     

基于小型电磁动力驱动器的微流道混合控制研究

对于许多微流体应用系统来说,流体的混合是至关重要的.本文研究了基于电磁流体动力混合器的微流道主动混合控制方法,建立了该微流道混合系统的理论模型并进行了数值模拟.在交变Lorentz驱动下,流经混合器流道的流体及其分界面在混合器流道内往复运动,流体界面的反复折叠与流体局部流动使流体混合,流体的横向往复运动使流体分界面反复折叠从而使流体间的接触面积大大增加.对流体混合过程进行了讨论并给出了漉体混合程度评价方法.     

微型矩形凹槽的长方体通道的减阻和传热特性

在长方体通道底面沿展向方向间隔设置了微型矩形凹槽，凹槽的深度与边界层尺度相当。采用大涡模拟方法对长方体通道内的流动及传热特性进行研究。数值计算结果表明：在长方体通道内设置的微矩形凹槽可以诱导“突出效应”及二次涡，二次涡的作用类似于微型空气滚动轴承，因而可减小流阻，并使传热性能略有提高。研究表明：微凹槽导致了速度滑移，从而有效降低了通道底部附近流体速度梯度；造成低速条纹变宽，使高低速流体的混合受到抑制。微凹槽内产生的二次涡增加了黏性底层的厚度，且二次涡与微凹槽上方流体之间的滚动摩擦代替了壁面与流体之间的滑动摩擦。与没有布置微型矩形凹槽的长方体通道相比，布置微凹槽的长方体通道可在不影响传热效果的前提下达到6%以上的减阻率。     

微型管中液滴流动的三维数值模拟

对于微型设备中的低雷诺数流动，毛细力和黏性力起主导作用. 应用相场方法，引 入自由能泛函，研究了二相流体在微型管中流动问题及表面浸润现象，并给出了微型管中二 相流体的无量纲输运方程. 针对方形微管道，利用差分法给出了输运方程的数值求解方法. 最后，模拟了方形直管中的液滴流动和变形的过程，并给出了液滴前后压力差与其它主要物 理参数之间的变化关系. 结果表明，压力差随液滴半径增大而增加，而随毛细管系数的增大 而减小.     

弹性湍流及其对微混合效率影响研究的若干进展

介绍和评述弹性湍流的产生及其对于微混合效率的影响等问题上的若干研究进展. 弹性 湍流和惯性湍流具有类似的流场特征,但引发机理有所不同. 惯性湍流产生的原因 是惯性引起的Reynolds应力,而弹性湍流则是由弹性应力所引起的. 鉴于在微流动 中,惯性力可忽略不计,因此牛顿流体的混合变得十分困难. 此时可在流体中加入 微量高分子聚合物以生成黏弹性流体. 由黏弹性流体所引发的弹性湍流在提高流体 微混合的效率上可发挥重要作用.     

基于微通道构型的微流体流动控制研究

微通道不仅仅是作为流体流动的单元, 更是进行流体控制的工具,微通道自身特性和特征用在实现微流体的驱动、进样、混合、分离以及液滴的产生、控制等方面已经表现出了良好的效果.由于微通道中比表面积非常大, 表面效应极大影响流体流动,近年来多数研究集中在应用表面效应来实现微流体驱动与控制,而以利用微通道结构特征实现流体流动控制为目标的研究成果相对较少.为了提高对通道构型作用的认识,主要介绍了基于微通道构型的无可动部件的流体微阀和基于微通道构型微小液滴的产生及流动控制器两个方面的发展情况,表明微通道构型在微流体控制中同样可以发挥重要作用,甚至有望带来微流控技术的突破.      

Basset力研究进展与应用分析

Basset力为两相流中颗粒与流体存在相对加速度时所产生的一种非恒定气动力 ,以往对其进行了大量的实验研究、理论分析和数值模拟。本文通过对Basset力研究文献的综述 ,分析并归纳了各种不同两相流动问题中该力的影响情况 ,得到的结论是 :对于气泡在液体内的流动问题 ,当气泡运动的脉动频率很大或很小时可以忽略Basset力对其运动的影响 ;对于固体或液体颗粒在气体中的运动问题可以忽略Basset力的影响 ;而其它两相流动问题则需要根据具体问题的特点来决定是否考虑Basset力的影响 ,其中需要考察 :流体与颗粒密度差别 ,颗粒尺寸 ,流动特征时间和颗粒运动弛豫时间 ,相对加速度 (或减速度 )等因素。本文还探讨了Basset力研究的发展方向。     

MPS -DEM 方法数值模拟超长管道固液混输流动

近些年来,深海矿产开发成为热点,其中涉及的固液混输问题逐渐引起学者的关注。如矿粒在海床上的输运,涉及水平管道的输运问题;矿粒从海床输运到海上浮式建筑物,涉及垂直管道的输运问题;矿粒在不同倾角管道内的输运,涉及倾斜管道的输运问题。对于该类问题,由于流体和固体之间的物理差异较大,对于固液两相往往采用不同的数值处理方法。本文使用MPS-DEM耦合方法模拟管道内的固液混输运动。用MPS方法模拟管道内流体的运动,用DEM方法追踪管道内颗粒的运动。在管道的进出口使用周期性边界条件,将多段管道之间进行拼接,从而实现了对超长管道内高雷诺数的颗粒输运现象的模拟。最后,分析管道颗粒和流场的速度及粒子分布等信息,分析流动特征。得到的结果会为超长管道内固液混输现象的研究提供一些借鉴意义及参考价值。     

扩展腔对方波型微混合器混合性能的影响研究

微混合器凭借节约试剂、混合强度高和易于集成等优点,在材料合成、医药制备和生化检测等领域中具有广泛的应用.为了进一步提高混合性能,保证混合过程的安全性及生化反应结果的准确性,设计了一种带扩展腔的新型方波型微混合器.在综合考虑混合强度和压降的前提下,通过实验研究和数值模拟分析了窄缝宽度、窄缝长度和扩展腔高度对微混合器混合性能的影响并得到了不同雷诺数Re条件下的最优结构参数.与方波型微混合器的混合性能进行比较,发现Re 5时,带扩展腔的方波型微混合器的混合强度更高,其中Re=20时两者混合强度相差最多,可达12%.在相同Re下,带扩展腔的方波型微混合器的压降要低于方波型微混合器.对带扩展腔的方波型微混合器进行内部流场分析,发现扩展腔结构能在流体层流状态的基础上引入涡流,使通道中流体的流动状态发生改变、对流增强,进而混合性能提高.     

微扩散管内幂律流体在不同外电场驱动下非稳态流动数值仿真

电场驱动下的非牛顿流体在微米级扩散管道内非稳态电渗流动特性是MEMS管设计人员关注的焦点,大部分实际液体可近似为用幂律模型描述的纯粘性流体,所以论文针对幂律流体在有限长微扩散管道内在两种不同形式的外加电场驱动下的非稳态电渗流动情况进行数值仿真.基于Ostwald-De Wael幂律模型和连续介质假说,采用高精度紧致有限差分离散二维完全Poisson-Boltzmann电势方程和Cauchy动量方程,对恒定电场及满足Maxwell方程的电场进行数值仿真,讨论了微扩散管中幂律流体在两种不同外加电场驱动下的瞬时流场分布的差异.结果表明,初始时刻固定扩散角和无量纲壁面电势,无量纲电动宽度的变化对幂律流体电渗流速度分布影响较大;在微扩散管上游等截面处,由恒定电场驱动及Maxwell电场驱动电渗流速度分布差别极小,在扩散管中下游则出现了明显的差别;由恒定电场驱动下的电渗流动在扩散管不同截面下的速度峰值相近,但Maxwell电场诱导的电渗流速度峰值则随管道半径变化出现较大差别.对于外加电场驱动的电渗流动,不同形式的外电场可使流场产生较大差别,而不同性质的流体也会形成不同的流场分布.     

Experimental investigation of a scaled-up passive micromixer with uneven interdigital inlet and teardrop obstruction elements

Micromixers are vital components in micro total analysis systems. It is desirable to develop micromixers which are capable of rapidly mixing two or more fluids in a small footprint area, while minimizing mechanical losses. A novel planar scaled-up passive micromixer is experimentally investigated in this study. The design incorporates a 7-substream uneven interdigital inlet which supplies two liquid species in a parallel arrangement and promotes diffusion along the side walls. Forty-eight staggered teardrop-shaped obstruction elements located along the channel length combined with 32 side walls protrusions increase the two-fluid interfacial area while converging the flow due to periodic reductions in cross-sectional area. The scaled-up micromixer has a mixing channel length of 110 mm with a mixing channel height and width of 2 and 5 mm, respectively. Experimental investigations are carried out at four locations along the channel length and at Reynolds numbers equal to 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100, where the Reynolds number is calculated based on total two-fluid flow and the mixing channel hydraulic diameter. Flow visualization is employed to study flow patterns, while induced fluorescence (IF), using de-ionized water and low concentration Rhodamine 6G solutions, provides mixing efficiency data. Results show a change in dominant mixing mechanism from mass diffusion to mass advection, with a critical Reynolds number of 25. At high Reynolds numbers, the formation of additional lamellae is observed, as is the formation of Dean vortices in the vicinity of the teardrop obstructions. Of the tested cases, the highest outlet mixing efficiency, 68.5%, is achieved at a Reynolds number of 1, where mass diffusion dominates. At low Reynolds numbers, superior mixing efficiency is due primarily to the implementation of the uneven interdigital inlet. A comparable mixing length is proposed to allow for reasonable comparison with published studies.     

Investigations of heat transfer and friction characteristics of compact cross-corrugated recuperators

As one of the key devices in the high temperature gas turbine system, cross-corrugated recuperators provide high heat transfer capabilities with compact size, light weight, strong mechanical strength and are mandatory to achieve 30 % electrical efficiency or higher for micro turbine engines. Flow in such geometries is usually laminar with lower Reynolds numbers. In order to understand mechanisms of flowing and heat transfer, periodic fully developed fluid flow and heat transfer in two types of cross-corrugated structures with inclination angle at 90° are investigated numerically and experimentally. Periodicity was used to reduce the complexity of the channel geometry and enables the smallest possible segment of the flow channel to be modeled. The velocity and temperature distributions were obtained in the three-dimensional complex domain. Besides a detailed flow analysis, comparison of the local heat and mass transfer and the pressure losses for these geometries are presented. It is shown that the flow phenomena caused by the different geometries were of significant influence on the homogeneity and on the quantity of the local heat and mass transfer as well as on the pressure drop. As a recuperator for micro turbine engines, cross-corrugated sinusoidal channels are more preferable to triangular channels.     

Development of a microfluidic device for simultaneous mixing and pumping

We conducted experimental and numerical studies aimed at developing a microfluidic device capable of simultaneous mixing while pumping. The proposed multifunctional device makes use of alternating current electroosmotic flow and adopts an array of planar asymmetric microelectrodes with a diagonal or herringbone shape. The pumping performance was assessed in terms of the fluid velocity at the center of the microchannel, obtained by micro PIV. To assess the mixing, flow visualizations were carried out over the electrodes to verify the lateral flows. The mixing degree was quantified in terms of a mixing efficiency obtained by three-dimensional numerical simulations. The results showed that simultaneous mixing and pumping was achieved in the channels with diagonal or herringbone electrode configurations. A herringbone electrode configuration showed better pumping compared with a reference, as well as enhanced mixing.     

Flow characteristics of rectangular open channels with compound vegetation roughness

An idealized parallel flow caused by a lateral bed roughness difference due to the partial vegetation across a channel is investigated. Similar to the flow in a compound channel, there are mixing layers adjacent to the interface between the vegetation and the non-vegetation lanes, and a lateral momentum exchange occurs between the slow-moving water in the former lane and the fast-moving water in the latter lane. Under a uniform flow condition, the three-dimensional (3D) instantaneous velocities of two cases with different discharges and water depths are measured with a 16MHz acoustic Doppler velocimeter (micro ADV). The longitudinal variation of the streamwise velocity and the vertical variation of the Reynolds stress are analyzed. A quadrant analysis is carried out to investigate the outward and inward interaction, ejection, and sweep phenomenon caused by the vegetation variation across the channel. The results show that the flow characteristics in the vegetation lane are similar to those in an open channel fully covered with submerged vegetation, and the flow characteristics in the smooth non-vegetation lane are similar to those in a free open channel. For the cases studied here, the width of the mixing region is about 10% of the channel width, and the mixing region is mainly on the non-vegetation half.     

Viscosity effect on the flow patterns in T-type micromixers

Flow patterns and mixing of liquids with different viscosities in T-type micromixers are numerically investigated on the Reynolds number range from 1 to 250. The viscosity ratio of the mixing media varied from 1 to 2; its effect on the flow structure and the mixing is studied. The dependences of the mixing efficiency and the pressure difference in the channel on the viscosity ratio and the Reynolds number are obtained. It is shown that the viscosity ratio has a considerable effect on the flow structure before and after transition from the symmetric to the asymmetric flow pattern. The self-similar behavior of the asymmetric flow pattern is established.     

Mixing efficiency of Y-type micromixers with different angles

The angle effect (α = +30°, ±60°, ±90°, and ±120°) of Y-type micromixers has been extensively studied using micro Laser Induced Fluorescence (μLIF) and micro Particle Image Velocimetry (μPIV) optical techniques to visualize and quantify concentration and velocity fields in order to examine mixing performance. An optimal α was obtained based upon mixing efficiency and mixing length. In addition, the effect of Joule heating on mixing was studied and discussed here.     

Experimental on the liquid cooling system with thermoelectric for personal computer

In the present experimental investigation, the liquid cooling in the micro channel fin heat sink with and without thermoelectric for central processor unit (CPU) of personal computer. The micro channel heat sinks with two different channel height are fabricated from the aluminum with the length, the width and the base thickness of 28, 40, 2?mm respectively. The de-ionized water is used as coolant. Effects of channel height, coolant flow rate, and run condition of PC on the CPU temperature are considered. The liquid cooling in micro-rectangular fin heat sink with thermoelectric is compared with the other cooling techniques. The thermoelectric has a significant effect on the CPU cooling of PC. The experiments are performed at no load and full load conditions within 60?min after steady state, which the mass flow rate are 0.023, 0.017 and 0.01?kg/s. The results heat transfer rate increase with increasing coolant flow rate and higher channel. When comparing with the other cooling system, cooling system with thermoelectric gives the highest efficiency. However, thermoelectric has the high or low heat transfer rate from heat rejected and cooling capacity conditions.