张拉结构非线性分析两节点曲线单元有限元法

提出适合张拉结构几何非线性分析的两节点曲线单元有限元方法．假定索元的初始形状呈二次抛物线,根据单索的平衡条件、几何和物理关系建立了索元的位移函数;由拉格朗日应变的定义建立了可以考虑任意次高阶位移影响的索元轴向应变的精确表达式,并基于拉格明日描述方法和虚功原理得到了索元的非线性平衡方程与切线刚度矩阵．采用荷载增量法与Newton－Raphson法相结合的混合法进行了实例计算,结果表明：本文方法的精度明显优于两节点直线索单元,适合于大跨度索阿、索穹顶等张拉结构的几何非线性分析．     

基于改进位移模式的一维C1有限元超收敛算法

提出了基于改进位移模式的一维C1有限元超收敛算法。利用单元内部需满足平衡方程的条件,推导了超收敛计算解析公式的显式,即将高阶有限元解的位移模式用常规有限元解的位移模式表示。用常规有限元解的位移模式与高阶有限元解的位移模式之和构造新的位移模式。采用积分形式推导了单元刚度矩阵。该算法在前处理阶段使用了超收敛计算公式,在常规试函数的基础上,增加了高阶试函数,使得单元内平衡方程的残差减少,从而达到提高精度的目标。对于Hermite单元,本文的结点和单元的位移、导数都达到了h4阶的超收敛精度。     

浅曲梁大变形分析的杂交应力法

本文基于增量余能原理,导出了用于曲梁几何非线性分析的假定应力杂交模型。根据单元体边界和内部位移的协调内插以及满足单元体内应力平衡的应力分布假定,列出了有限元公式,而最后的矩阵公式中只包含节点未知位移。由此我们建立了二节点、十二个自由度的曲梁单元。由于曲梁几何形状的简单性,我们采用了完全满足应力平衡方程的一致模式。梁单元的有关公式都是在更新的拉格朗日坐标系统(Updated Lagfangjan system)中建立的。最终的数值计算结果表明,用杂交应力模式分析粱结构的大变形是很有效的。     

基于改进位移模式的一维有限元超收敛算法

将多尺度方法的思想与超收敛计算的解析公式结合起来,提出了改进有限元位移模式的算法。利用超收敛计算的解析公式,将高阶有限元解的位移模式用常规有限元解的位移模式表示。用常规有限元解的位移模式与高阶有限元解的位移模式之和构造新的位移模式,采用积分形式推导了单元刚度矩阵。该算法在前处理和后处理两个阶段都使用超收敛计算公式,在常规试函数的基础上,增加了高阶试函数,使得单元内平衡方程的残差减少,从而达到提高精度的目标。对于线性单元,本文结点和单元的位移、导数都达到了h4阶的超收敛精度。     

复合材料层合板精化高阶理论及其精化三角形板单元

提出一种新的精化高阶理论，该理论满足层间位移、应力连续条件，由此建立了三角形精化板单元。该单元满足单元间Ｃ１类弱连续条件，其收敛性得到保证，且具有简单、高效率的优点。     

计算平面问题应力强度因子的任意高阶奇应变有限单元

W.K.Wilson提出的高阶奇应变圆单元(SSC)把有限单元法和裂纹尖端附近的线弹性解析解结合起来,能有效地计算应力强度因子K_Ⅰ或K_Ⅱ。A.Holston Jr.进一步把对称和反对称位移叠加起来,用以计算复合型应力强度因子K_Ⅰ和K_Ⅱ。但他们在对称和反对称的位移函数中最多只取到4项。胡海昌建议取更多的项,以便把圆单元的半径     

二阶非自伴两点边值问题Garlerkin有限元的超收敛算法

提出了基于改进位移模式的二阶非自伴两点边值问题Garlerkin有限元的超收敛算法. 用常规有限元解的位移模式与高阶有限元解的位移模式之和构造新的位移模式,基于Garlerkin 方法,采用积分形式推导了单元平衡方程. 对于线性单元,本文给出了有代表性的算例,结点和单元的位移、导数都达到了h⁴阶的超收敛精度.     

二节点变轴力平面梁柱单元

为了考虑平面梁柱构件在变化轴向荷载作用下的P-Δ效应,本文采用二节点平面梁柱单元,根据最小势能原理推导了单元的初应力刚度矩阵,并分别阐述了应用该单元求解结构临界荷载因子及迭代计算荷载-位移反应的方法。通过两个简单算例验证,该单元比常规的二节点常轴力梁柱单元更有效、精度更高。     

折叠结构几何非线性分析

本文提出了一种推导折叠结构宏单元刚度矩阵的新方法,即在所假设普通单元位移模式的基础上直接引入位移约束条件,得到宏单元的形函数矩阵,进而给出宏单元的力与位移间关系。利用该思路,文中简捷地推导出剪式单元三节点梁大位移小变形的几何非线性切线刚度矩阵,并给出了线性刚度矩阵的显式。算例表明,分析折叠结构承载能力和自稳定结构的展开或收纳过程,考虑几何非线性的影响是必要的。     

非线性复合材料的一种杂交应力有限单元方法

建立了非线性复合材料模型的杂交应力有限元方法,并在材料主坐标系下提出直接方法计算单元非线性应力场,然后由此计算单元切线刚度矩阵和剩余载荷并转换到整体坐标系下,利用Newton-Raphson方法进行结构的位移迭代。在Hahn-Tsai非线性复合材料杂交元分析中,由位移和应力方程所导出求解单元非线性应力场的简单迭代法是条件收敛的,对较大载荷当迭代位移增加到一定程度以后无法得到应力收敛解。但是,利用本文提出的直接法由于完全避免了非线性应力场迭代,不仅很好地解决了这一问题,而且极大地提高了计算效率。数值算例说明该方法是确实有效的。     

基于拉格朗日乘子法和群论的具有任意位移边界条件的旋转周期对称结构有限元分析

对任意位移边界条件下的旋转周期对称结构，由拉格朗日乘子法建立有限元方程。在对称适应的坐标系下，由结构刚度矩阵的块循环性质，利用群变换给出一种新的求解方法。数值验证给出令人满意的结果。     

基于构件层次的铰接杆系结构几何稳定性讨论

考察构件刚度和构件撤除对杆件系统几何稳定性的影响.从常规结构稳定理论的角度审视铰接杆件系统几何稳定性问题.基于结构稳定的能量准则和刚度矩阵的构成分析,重新考察了Maxwell准则和平衡矩阵准则的充分必要性.解释了构件零刚度和构件撤除对体系几何稳定性影响的一致性.利用自应力矩阵的特性,提出并证明了一种快速识别杆系结构中“必需杆”的方法.一种多根构件撤除后体系几何稳定性的判别准则进而被发展.该判别准则的数值效率体现在仅利用原结构平衡矩阵一次分解后的信息,杆件撤除后体系平衡矩阵的秩可通过两小规模矩阵秩之间的关系来表示.     

A necessary condition for stability of kinematically indeterminate pin-jointed structures with symmetry

Stability conditions are the key to transform kinematically indeterminate structures into prestressed structures or deployable structures. From the viewpoint of symmetry, a necessary condition is presented for the stability of symmetric pin-jointed structures with kinematic indeterminacy. The condition is derived from the positive definiteness of the quadratic form of the tangent stiffness matrix. Numerical examples verify that the proposed necessary stability condition is in accord with the conventional theory of structural rigidity, and is considered to be more comprehensible. It is robust and easy to implement. Results show that a symmetric prestressed structure is guaranteed to possess integral prestress modes, if the necessary condition is satisfied. Further, a pin-jointed structure with fully symmetric mechanism modes is proved to be unstable, if it does not satisfy the condition.     

An orthogonal self-stress matrix for efficient analysis of cyclically symmetric space truss structures via force method

The analysis of structures is normally carried out through displacement method while the force method is considered as an alternative approach for this purpose and used on occasion. The generation of compatibility conditions (the transpose of self-stress matrix) is one of the major and complicated parts of any structural analysis using force method. In this paper, an efficient method is proposed for producing orthogonal self-stress matrix related to space truss structures with cyclic symmetry. This is actually performed by eigen-decomposition of a special matrix having the same null basis as in equilibrium matrix. Then, the advantages of the obtained compatibility conditions are demonstrated with respect to different formulations such as standard force method, eigen force method and integrated force method. Finally, the efficiency of the presented method is comprehensively compared with three well-known numerical methods and tested on a set of practical examples. The results indicate clearly the significant superiority of the proposed approach in terms of both computational time and the accuracy of the results.     

Nonlinear Nonplanar Dynamics of Parametrically Excited Cantilever Beams

The nonlinear nonplanar response of cantilever inextensional metallic beams to a principal parametric excitation of two of its flexural modes, one in each plane, is investigated. The lowest torsional frequencies of the beams considered are much larger than the frequencies of the excited modes so that the torsional inertia can be neglected. Using this condition as well as the inextensionality condition, we develop a Lagrangian whose variation leads to two integro-partial-differential equations governing the motions of the beams. The method of time-averaged Lagrangian is used to derive four first-order nonlinear ordinary-differential equations governing the modulation of the amplitudes and phases of the two interacting modes. These modulation equations exhibit symmetry properties. A pseudo arclength scheme is used to trace the branches of the equilibrium solutions and an investigation of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix is used to assess their stability. The equilibrium solutions experience pitchfork, saddle-node, Hopf, and codimension-2 bifurcations. A detailed bifurcation analysis of the dynamic solutions of the modulation equations is presented. Five branches of dynamic (periodic and chaotic) solutions were found. Two of these branches emerge from two Hopf bifurcations and the other three are isolated. The limit cycles undergo symmetry-breaking, cyclic-fold, and period-doubling bifurcations, whereas the chaotic attractors undergo attractor-merging and boundary crises.     

开口薄壁杆件结构稳定分析的精确单元和两步求解算法

从控制微分方程的通解出发,构造受偏心压力作用开口薄壁杆件的精确形函数,建立用于开口薄壁杆件结构稳定性分析的精确有限元,得到了单元刚度矩阵和几何刚度矩阵的显式表达,提出了计算给定区间内各阶临界荷载以及相应失稳模态的两步计算方法。计算结果表明,与常规单元相比,采用精确单元无需进行网格细分就可以获得精确的数值结果,结合本文的两步求解算法,可以准确获得给定区间内全部临界荷载和失稳模态。     

基于界面主从位移控制的频响子结构方法

在复杂工程结构频响子结构分析中,各个子结构的频响函数往往是由不同的部门获得,各个子结构的频响函数可能是在不同的坐标系下得到,亦或有些子结构具有某种对称性,这需要对相应的子结构频响函数进行旋转和镜像变换后才能进行整体拼接。此外,子结构拼接时交界面的连接点有时可能存在不一致,为了满足位移协调和力平衡条件,本文基于界面主从位移控制原理,提出一种改进的频响子结构方法,该方法既能考虑子结构的旋转和镜像变换,也能考虑子结构界面间的柔性连接,并可大幅提高计算效率。当界面位移控制阵为单位阵时,改进的方法退化为传统的频响子结构方法。数值算例验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

周期结构动力响应的高效数值方法

提出一种计算周期结构动力响应的高效率算法. 以精细积分方法为基础, 利用周期结构的对称性和动力问题的物理特性, 分析了周期结构对应矩阵指数的特殊结构, 并基于此给出一种计算周期结构对应矩阵指数的高效率方法. 在高效和精确计算周期结构对应矩阵指数的基础上, 得到了周期结构动力响应的高效率和高精度算法. 数值算例表明, 该方法效率高且节省存储要求.      

一类结构的（n－3）重根及其非退化性

基于陀螺模态综合法，从总装阵的块式结构出发，构造性地证明了具有ｎ片桨叶的旋翼型结构陀螺特征值问题存在一系列的（ｎ－３）重特征根，得到了对应的（ｎ－３）个完备的振型．结论进而推广到有阻尼的旋翼型结构．继续研究证明过程表明：结论适用于更广泛的一类具有重复子结构的结构系统，结果表明这类结构几何上的重复性或对称性导致的重根不会引入退化性．不同类型的算例验证了所得到的解析结果．本文还试图说明动力子结构法的定性性质保持特性是值得继续探讨的课题     

Analyzing mistuned multi-stage turbomachinery rotors with aerodynamic effects

A great deal of research has been conducted on accurately modeling large cyclic structures such as turbomachinery rotors. Accurate modeling of realistic industrial turbomachinery requires overcoming several challenges. The first is the excessively large size of the finite element models (FEMs) needed, which can contain millions of degrees of freedom per stage of the rotor. The second challenge is the presence of small random variations in the structural properties known as mistuning, which arise from operational wear and/or manufacturing tolerances, and destroy the cyclic symmetry of the FEMs. The third is the complexity of turbomachinery models, which often include multiple stages that often have a mismatched computational grid at the interface between stages. The fourth challenge is associated with modeling the aerodynamic loads on the turbomachinery rotor. Much research has been conducted to overcome the first two challenges. By combining cyclic symmetry analysis and component mode mistuning (CMM), compact single-stage reduced order models (ROMs) can be created to accurately capture the free and forced response of these systems. These highly efficient ROMs can be developed from single sector calculations and can be of the order of the number of sectors in the stage. Recently, the third challenge associated with the complexity of modeling multiple stages has been addressed by the authors. Their method uses cyclic symmetry and CMM to form single-stage ROMs (using only single sector models and single sector calculations), and then combines these single-stage ROMs by projecting the motion along the interface between stages along a set of harmonic shape functions. This method allows for the creation of compact ROMs of multi-stage systems with mistuning using sector only calculations. The fourth challenge has been addressed only for single-stage systems by computing a complex aerodynamic matrix (which contains stiffness and damping terms) using an iterative approach. In this work, some of the effects of the aerodynamics on multi-stage systems are explored. The methodology consists of first creating efficient structural ROMs of a multi-stage rotor using the method previously developed, and then iteratively calculating the complex aerodynamic matrices for each stage. A new way to account for the effects of a shift in frequency due to mistuning on the complex aerodynamic matrix is also proposed. Additionally, a new classification of complex multi-stage aeroelastic modes is introduced. The presented results focus on exploring the influences of the aerodynamics and mistuning on the multi-stage response. A variety of numerical results are analyzed for two stages of an industrial rotor.