二氟草酸硼酸钠作为电解液添加剂对石墨负极性能的影响

锂离子电池日益广泛的应用对其性能提出越来越高的要求,而在电解液中加入适当的添加剂能够显著提升电极材料的电化学性能. 本文首次在1 mol·L^-1 LiPF₆/EC + DMC + EMC（体积比1:1:1）的电解液中添加一定量的二氟草酸硼酸钠(NaDFOB),并通过循环伏安（CV）、电化学阻抗图谱（EIS）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等分析考察了其对石墨负极材料性能的具体影响. 结果显示,添加NaDFOB的电解液显著提高了石墨材料在常温下的可逆充放电容量和循环性能,同时明显改善了石墨材料的高温循环性能. 其机理在于NaDFOB的阴阳离子同时参与了石墨表面固体电解质界面膜（SEI）的形成,形成高稳定性的电解液/电极界面.     

二氟二草酸硼酸锂对LiFePO4/石墨电池高温性能的影响

研究了二氟二草酸硼酸锂(LiODFB)作为锂盐加入到碳酸丙烯酯(PC)+碳酸乙烯酯(EC)+碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)(质量比为1:1:3)混合溶剂中对LiFePO4/石墨电池高温(60 ℃)循环性能的影响. 用线性扫描伏安法(LSV)测试了电解液的电化学窗口. 通过等离子发射光谱(ICP)和能量散射光谱(EDS)对LiFePO4材料高温条件下在不同电解液中的稳定性进行了研究; 并用扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)分析了石墨负极表面的固体电解液相界面(SEI)膜的热稳定性. 结果表明: 一方面LiODFB基电解液能抑制LiFePO4材料在高温条件下Fe(II)的溶解, 防止溶解的Fe(II)在石墨上还原, 有效地降低电池阻抗; 另一方面, 在LiODFB基电解液中形成的石墨负极表面SEI膜具有更好的热稳定性, 能显著提高LiFePO4/石墨电池的高温循环性能.     

氟代碳酸乙烯酯添加剂对钠离子电池正极的影响

使用电解液成膜添加剂是一种简单高效的提高电池循环稳定性的方法。氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)的最低未被占据分子轨道(LUMO)能量较低,易被还原,通常被认为是很好的负极成膜添加剂,但因其最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能量也较低,抗氧化性较好,故其被认为不在正极上发生作用。本工作结合电化学,形貌分析,化学成分表征,原位结构分析等方法研究了FEC添加剂在钠离子电池中的作用。我们发现适量的FEC添加剂不仅可以显著抑制电解液溶剂碳酸丙烯酯(PC)的分解,而且会在正极上形成一层富NaF的保护层,提高循环过程中正极晶格结构稳定性,从而提高电池的循环稳定性。密度泛函理论(DFT)计算表明,FEC之所以能在正极上形成保护层,可能与其容易在正极界面与钠盐阴离子ClO_4~-结合反应有关。     

不可燃氟代碳酸酯基钠离子电池电解液

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in cellphones, laptops, and electric cars owing to their high energy density and long operational lifetime. However, their further deployment in large-scale energy storage systems is restricted by the uneven distribution of lithium resources (~0.0017% (mass fraction, w) in the Earth's crust). Therefore, alternative energy storage systems composed of abundant elements are of urgent need. Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted significant attention and are considered to be a potential alternative for next-generation batteries owing to abundant sodium resources (~2.64% (w) of the Earth's crust), suitable potential (−2.71 V), and low cost. SIBs are similar to LIBs in terms of their physical and electrochemical properties. Previous studies have mainly focused on SIB storage materials, including hard carbon, alloys, and hexacyanoferrate, while the safety of SIBs remains largely unexplored. Similar to LIBs, the current electrolytes used in SIBs are mainly composed of flammable organic carbonate solvents (or ether solvents), sodium salts, and functional additives, which pose possible safety issues. Moreover, the chemical activity of sodium is much higher than that of lithium, leading to a higher risk of fire, thermal runaway, and explosion. To overcome this problem, herein we propose a fluorinated non-flammable electrolyte composed of 0.9 mol∙L⁻¹ NaPF₆ (sodium hexafluorophosphate) in an intermixture of di-(2, 2, 2 trifluoroethyl) carbonate (TFEC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in a 7 : 3 ratio by volume. Its physical and electrochemical properties were studied by ionic conductivity, direct ignition, cyclic voltammetry, and charge/discharge measurements, demonstrating excellent flame-retarding ability and outstanding compatibility with sodium electrodes. The electrochemical tests showed that the Prussian blue cathode retained a capacity of 84 mAh∙g⁻¹ over 50 cycles in the prepared electrolyte, in contrast to the rapid capacity degradation in a flammable conventional carbonate electrolyte (74 mAh∙g⁻¹ with 57% capacity retention after 50 cycles). To test the practical application of the proposed electrolyte, a hard carbon anode was used and exhibited exceptional performance in this system. The enhancement mechanism was further verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning emission microscopy (SEM) investigations. Polycarbonate on the surface of the cathode played an important role for the studied electrolyte system. The polycarbonate may originate from FEC decomposition, which can enhance the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and reduce impedance. Hence, we believe that this proposed electrolyte may provide new opportunities for the design of robust and safe SIBs for next-generation applications.     

锂电池用草酸二氟硼酸锂有机电解液的电化学性能

以草酸锂和三氟化硼乙醚溶液合成了草酸二氟硼酸锂(LiBC₂O₄F₂),并用碳酸二甲酯溶剂萃取和重结晶提纯。LiBC₂O₄F₂有机电解液能在铝箔上形成一层致密的保护膜,这能较好地抑制在高电位时电解液在铝箔上发生氧化反应,而且在很宽的温度范围内LiBC₂O₄F₂基电解液都具有较好的离子电导率。电化学测试结果表明：使用1.0 mol·L^-1 LiBC₂O₄F₂有机电解液的LiMn₂O₄/Li电池首次放电容量为110.2 mAh·g^-1,并且具有比使用LiPF₆有机电解液的LiMn₂O₄/Li电池更好的高低温循环性能和更优良的低温放电性能。     

锂离子电池电解液除酸除水添加剂的研究进展

商用锂离子电池电解液在应用过程中存在电解质锂盐六氟磷酸锂（LiPF₆）易在痕量水环境中发生水解反应,进而导致锂离子电池体系的综合电化学性能受损。因此,亟需控制电解液本体中痕量水的引入以及减小锂盐与痕量水反应产物对电池体系影响的措施。本文主要综述了含有不同官能团的添加剂在除去电解液中痕量水和酸时所具有的特性,并重点分析介绍了其除酸除水的作用机理。 最后,对除酸、除水型添加剂未来的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

甘氨酸电解液添加剂对水系锌离子电池电化学性能的影响

水系锌离子电池因其高安全性、高容量、低价格等优点,有望成为下一代规模储能设备。然而,副反应、锌枝晶和有限的使用寿命阻碍了其实际应用。我们将电解质添加剂甘氨酸(Gly)引入到常规水系ZnSO₄电解质中。Gly中的极性基团(—COOH和—NH₂)可以调节Zn²⁺的溶剂化结构,从而重新分配Zn²⁺的沉积以避免枝晶和副反应发生。结果表明,在ZnSO₄电解质中添加50 mmol·L^-1的Gly后(ZnSO₄-Gly),Zn||Zn对称电池在1 mA·cm^-2和1 mAh·cm^-2下,表现出良好的循环寿命(3 000 h),明显高于使用ZnSO₄电解质的性能(300 h)。以ZnSO₄-Gly为电解液的Zn||MnO₂全电池,在比电容和倍率性能方面比无添加剂器件表现得更好。     

锂离子电池非水电解质锂盐的研究进展

新型电解质锂盐主要包括含螯合硼阴离子、螯合磷阴离子、全氟膦阴离子、烷基磺酸阴离子、全氟烷基、亚胺基的有机锂盐及有机铝酸锂盐.本文综述了近年来在新型电解质锂盐研究与探索方面的成果,介绍了锂离子电池电解质锂盐的合成方法、组成与结构、化学和电化学性能及其与结构的关系,并阐述今后电解质锂盐研究的可能发展方向及研究方法.     

硫酸盐功能电解液增强水系钠离子电池NaTi2(PO4)3/C负极材料电化学性能的研究

水系钠离子电池具有钠资源丰富、成本低廉、安全可靠、维护简单等特点,在可再生能源规模储存领域具有重要应用前景。NASICON型NaTi₂(PO₄)₃具有可逆容量高、工作电位低、离子传输快等优点,是目前最受关注的水系钠离子电池负极材料。但是,该材料在传统的水系电解液中结构不稳定,循环性能不足。本论文通过调控Na₂SO₄浓度和引入MgSO₄添加剂,构建了一种新型硫酸盐功能电解液(2 mol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄ + 0.3 mol·L^-1 MgSO₄)。该电解液能够显著增强NaTi₂(PO₄)₃/C材料在充放电循环过程中的结构稳定性,从而提高其电化学可逆性和稳定性。电化学测试表明,NaTi₂(PO₄)₃/C基于该电解液在100 mA·g^-1条件下的可逆容量为93.4 mAh·g^-1,循环100次后容量保持率高达96.5%;基于该电解液构建的Na₂Ni[Fe(CN)₆]|NaTi₂(PO₄)₃/C电池可以稳定循环500次以上。本论文结合XRD、XPS等技术讨论分析了该电解液的功能作用机制,其研究结果为设计低成本高性能水系钠离子电池提供了新思路和实验基础。     

层状LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2正极材料的优化合成及电化学性能

采用沉淀法首先得到了Ni0.5Mn0.5(OH)2沉淀物,以其为原料与LiOH反应制备了LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2正极材料。采用XRD、SEM、充放电测试等研究了其结构与电化学性能,同时研究了Li过量时对材料电化学性能和结构的影响。SEM分析表明,Ni0.5Mn0.5(OH)2与LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2产物均为微小晶粒团聚成的颗粒。LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2材料在2.5~4.4V电位区间内,首次放电容量为130mAh/g,0.2C倍率下,50次循环后的容量保持率为87.8%。锂过量有助于形成良好的层状结构材料,并能显著提高材料的比容量和循环性能,Li1.1Ni0.5Mn0.5O2的首次放电容量为149mAh/g,0.2C倍率下,50次循环后的容量保持率为92.6%。     

Enhancing the Electrochemical Performance of a High-Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode in a Carbonate-Based Electrolyte with a Novel and Low-Cost Functional Additive

Butyric anhydride (BA) is used as an effective functional additive to improve the electrochemical performance of a high-voltage LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (LNMO) cathode. In the presence of 0.5 wt % BA, the capacity retention of a LNMO/Li cell is significantly improved from 15.3 to 88.4 % after 200 cycles at 1 C. Furthermore, the rate performance of the LNMO/Li cell is also effectively enhanced, and the capacity goes up to 112 mAh g⁻¹ even at 5 C, which is considerably higher than that of a LNMO/Li cell in electrolyte without BA additive (95.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C). Linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry results reveal that the BA additive can be preferentially oxidized to construct a stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) film on the LNMO cathode. Subsequently, the BA-derived CEI film can alleviate the decomposition of the electrolyte and the dissolution of Mn and Ni ions from the LNMO cathode as well as maintain the structural stability of LNMO during the cycling process; this leads to outstanding electrochemical performance. Thus, this work provides an effective and low-cost functional electrolyte for high-voltage LNMO-based LIBs.     

P2‐NaCo0.5Mn0.5O2 as a Positive Electrode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

As a promising positive electrode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), layered sodium oxides have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this work, stoichiometric P2‐phase NaCo_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ was prepared through the conventional solid‐state reaction, and its structural and physical properties were studied in terms of XRD, XPS, and magnetic susceptibility. Furthermore, the P2‐NaCo_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ electrode delivered a discharge capacity of 124.3 mA h g^?1 and almost 100 % initial coulombic efficiency over the potential window of 1.5–4.15 V. It also showed good cycle stability, with a reversible capacity and capacity retention reaching approximately 85 mA h g^?1 and 99 %, respectively, at the 5 C rate after 100 cycles. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry and ex situ XRD were employed to explain the electrochemical behavior at the different electrochemical stages. Owing to the applicable performances, P2‐NaCo_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ can be considered as a potential positive electrode material for SIBs.     

Electrochemical Performance of PEO10LiX-Li2TiO3 Composite Polymer Electrolytes

Introduction Recently, polymer electrolytes have attracted much attention for their potential use in replacing flammable organic solvent electrolytes currently used in lith-ium-ion batteries, thus improving the safety of re-chargeable lithium batteries. Moreover, the batteries with PE can be made in any shape, which make fully use of the space of electronic devices. PEO is a linear polymer with helix structure, and its structure makes it have much higher dissolution ability for salt even tho…     

草酸盐共沉淀法制备锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2及其电化学性能

使用草酸盐共沉淀法合成了LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2, 并研究了共沉淀时的pH条件对终产物的结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了在pH值为4.0、5.5、7.0和8.5时得到的共沉淀和终产物LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2的结构和形貌. 使用充放电实验研究了不同pH条件下得到的LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2的电化学性能. 结果表明, pH为7.0时, 合成的材料颗粒更小、分布最均匀, 材料具有良好的层状特征, 且材料中锂镍的混排程度最小. 电化学测试结果印证了pH为7.0时合成的材料具有更好的电化学性能, 在0.1C的倍率下, 材料的首次放电比容量达到了185 mAh·g-1, 在循环20周后, 放电比容量仍然保持在160 mAh·g-1. X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果表明, pH为7.0时合成的LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2中Ni为+2价, Mn为+4价.     

锂离子电池电解液成膜添加剂乙烯基亚硫酸乙烯酯的电化学行为

研究了具有不饱和双键和亚硫酸酯双官能团的乙烯基亚硫酸乙烯酯(VES)作为锂离子电池电解液成膜添加剂对中间相碳微球(CMS)和LiFePO4电极电化学性能的影响. 结果表明: 在1 mol/L LiClO4/PC电解液体系中, 少量的VES (5%)能够在电化学过程中先于PC在CMS表面还原, 形成稳定的SEI膜, 明显抑制PC和溶剂化锂离子共嵌入石墨层间, 改善了电池的循环性能. 此外, 电解液1 mol/L LiClO4/PC＋5%VES (V∶V)在LiFePO4电极中展现出良好的电化学稳定性.     

草酸盐共沉淀法制备锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_2及其电化学性能

使用草酸盐共沉淀法合成了LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2,并研究了共沉淀时的pH条件对终产物的结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了在pH值为4.0、5.5、7.0和8.5时得到的共沉淀和终产物LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2的结构和形貌.使用充放电实验研究了不同pH条件下得到的LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2的电化学性能.结果表明,pH为7.0时,合成的材料颗粒更小、分布最均匀,材料具有良好的层状特征,且材料中锂镍的混排程度最小.电化学测试结果印证了pH为7.0时合成的材料具有更好的电化学性能,在0.1C的倍率下,材料的首次放电比容量达到了185 mAh.g-1,在循环20周后,放电比容量仍然保持在160 mAh.g-1.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试结果表明,pH为7.0时合成的LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2中Ni为+2价,Mn为+4价.     

Succinonitrile as a high-voltage additive in the electrolyte of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/graphite full batteries

As a functional additive, succinonitrile (SN) can be used in LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂/graphite lithium ion batteries to broaden the oxidation electrochemical window of the electrolyte and significantly improve its rate performance and high-voltage cycle performance. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) shows that EC/EMC-based electrolytes with SN have higher oxidation potentials (approximately 6.1 V vs Li/Li⁺). The capacity retention of LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂/graphite full cell with 0.5-wt% SN added to the electrolyte and 120 cycles between 2.75 and 4.4 V was significantly increased from 67.96% to 84.0%. It is indicated that the LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523) battery containing 0.5-wt% SN-based electrolyte has better cycleability and capacity retention at high cutoff voltage. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the full cell were used to characterize the effect of SN on the cell. It is proved that the SN participates in the interfacial reaction between the electrode and the electrolyte to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, thereby effectively suppressing the increase of the charge transfer resistance and reducing the elution of the transition metal cations. These results indicate that SN can be used as a functional additive for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.