沉淀法高效制备聚多巴胺纳米粒子

为得到分散性和稳定性较好的聚多巴胺纳米粒子,利用“沉淀-再分散法”高效制备了聚多巴胺纳米粒子水分散液。 首先利用溶液氧化法制备了分散在水/乙醇中的聚多巴胺纳米粒子,然后向分散液中加入丙酮使聚多巴胺纳米粒子絮凝。 收集沉降物,用丙酮冲洗并干燥后,加水重新分散得到纯化的聚多巴胺纳米粒子水分散液。 丙酮沉淀法得到的聚多巴胺纳米粒子形貌规整,分散性好,粒径分布在250 nm左右,在水中具有良好的储存稳定性和光热性能,与传统的超速离心提纯法相比,产率可提高57.4%。 此方法为其之后在药物载体及光热治疗等方面的应用研究提供了便利。     

共沉淀法制备氧化硅改性的纳米二氧化钛及其性质

采用共沉淀法合成了氧化硅改性的具有高比表面积的纳米二氧化钛.氧化硅的添加提高了二氧化钛纳米颗粒的热稳定性能,有效地抑制了纳米二氧化钛的颗粒增长、团聚和锐钛向金红石的晶型转换.光催化降解亚甲基蓝证明,样品具有较高的光催化活性,而且随着氧化硅添加量的增加,光催化活性提高.     

Preparation,Characterization, and In Vitro Release of Chloramphenicol Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

In the present contribution, solid lipid nanoparticles have been prepared from oil-in-water microemulsion, using various monoglycerides (monocaprate, monolaurate and monomyristin) as solid matrix, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) as emulsifier, and chloramphenicol as target drug. The morphology and microstructure of drug loaded SLNs were investigated by use of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The pictures of TEM showed that SLNs are spherical particles, and the average diameters measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) were under 100 nm. The crystallographic properties of them were characterized by XRD. It was found that chloramphenicol do not exist in crystalline state in SLN. Both drug-free and drug-loaded SLN existed in amorphous state. In addition, zeta potentials of SLNs were investigated. Zeta potentials of all the samples were around ?6 to ?23 mv. Further more, the core-shell model with drug enriched shell was proposed for the present system. Release kinetics of chloramphenicol from SLN showed a relative fast release in the initial several hours, and the release profile was accordance with the drug incorporation model we presented. Effects of types and concentration of lipids, and surface modifiers on drug release behavior were studied.     

Formation Optimization,Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Auricularia auricula-judae Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Obtained via Antisolvent Precipitation

Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide (AAP)-based nanoparticles (NPs) prepared via an anti-solvent precipitation approach were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) design was carried out on the basis of single factor experiments, using average size and polydispersity index (PDI) as indicators. The optimal preparation conditions were determined to include an AAP concentration of 1 mg/mL, a pH of 8, and an anti-solvent/solvent volume ratio of 6. The average particle sizes of the AAP-NPs, PDI and electrical characteristic (ζ-potential) were found to be 150.27 ± 3.21 nm, 0.135 ± 0.012 and −31.10 ± 0.52 mV, respectively. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the chemical structure of the AAP-NPs. It was observed that the intensity of AAP-NPs in the wide spectral band of 3000–3750 cm⁻¹ was significantly stronger than that of the AAP, as was the characteristic peak of carboxyl anion, and the characteristic band moved to shorter wavelengths. Subsequent thermogravimetric analysis showed that the antisolvent precipitation method improved the thermal stability of the AAP, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the morphology of AAP-NPs was uniform and well-distributed, and that their single crystal structures had remained unaffected during the process. Moreover, the DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities of AAP-NPs were increased, and the IC50 values were 0.544 ± 0.241 mg/mL and 0.755 ± 0.226 mg/mL, respectively.     

Preparation and Characterization of CdTe Nanoparticles in Zirconia Films Prepared by the Sol Gel Method

Two methods for the synthesis of CdTe nanoparticles in zirconia sol-gel films are demonstrated. The nanoparticles were obtained by chemical reduction of Te(IV) using reducing agent (hydrazine) or tin chloride. Particle sizes ranging from 6 to 20 nm in diameter could be prepared by varying the experimetal parameters. The size and crystalline structure of the particles were characterized by optical absorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The film morphology was characterized by scanning force microscopy.The film obtained by SnCl₂ method is smooth and homogeneous. The dense structure of CdTe nanoparticles of a few nm in diameter is revealed. The films prepared with hydrazine are porous as a result of evolution of the decomposition gaseous products during the reduction.Advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are discussed.     

Organ Repair,Hemostasis, and In Vivo Bonding of Medical Devices by Aqueous Solutions of Nanoparticles

Sutures are traumatic to soft connective tissues, such as liver or lungs. Polymer tissue adhesives require complex in vivo control of polymerization or cross‐linking reactions and currently suffer from being toxic, weak, or inefficient within the wet conditions of the body. Herein, we demonstrate using Stöber silica or iron oxide nanoparticles that nanobridging, that is, adhesion by aqueous nanoparticle solutions, can be used in vivo in rats to achieve rapid and strong closure and healing of deep wounds in skin and liver. Nanoparticles were also used to fix polymer membranes to tissues even in the presence of blood flow, such as occurring after liver resection, yielding permanent hemostasis within a minute. Furthermore, medical devices and tissue engineering constructs were fixed to organs such as a beating heart. The simplicity, rapidity, and robustness of nanobridging bode well for clinical applications, surgery, and regenerative medicine.     

Green Preparation Process,Characterization and Antitumor Effects of Doxorubicin–BSA–Dextran Nanoparticles

In this report, we developed a simple and green process of simultaneous formation of doxorubicin–BSA–dextran nanoparticles in aqueous solution and high‐effective encapsulation of doxorubicin. In the presence of BSA–dextran conjugates, which were produced by Maillard reaction, a binding of doxorubicin with BSA can suppress the self‐aggregation of unprotonated doxorubicin. After a heat treatment, the gelation of BSA results in a formation of the nanoparticles and the doxorubicin was fixed inside the nanoparticles. The dextran shell makes the nanoparticles dispersible in solution. The nanoparticles have a spherical morphology and a hydrodynamic radius of about 90 nm. Importantly, the nanoparticles can significantly prolong the life of murine ascites hepatoma H22 tumor‐bearing mice.

     

沉淀法制备CeO_2纳米晶与表征

采用乙醇为分散剂和保护剂 ,用反向沉淀法制备了不同粒径的CeO2 纳米晶。XRD分析表明 ,当焙烧温度为 2 5 0～ 80 0℃时 ,所合成的CeO2 纳米粒子属于立方晶系 ,空间群为O5 H FM 3M。TEM分析表明 ,CeO2 纳米粒子呈球形 ,粒度随焙烧温度的增加而增大。热失重分析表明 ,样品的热失重主要受温度的影响 ,而焙烧时间的影响不大。相对密度分析表明 ,随CeO2 纳米晶粒度的增大 ,粉末的密度增加。     

Surface‐Functionalized Nanoparticles by Olefin Metathesis: A Chemoselective Approach for In Vivo Characterization of Atherosclerosis Plaque

The use of click chemistry reactions for the functionalization of nanoparticles is particularly useful to modify the surface in a well‐defined manner and to enhance the targeting properties, thus facilitating clinical translation. Here it is demonstrated that olefin metathesis can be used for the chemoselective functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles with three different examples. This approach enables, in one step, the synthesis and functionalization of different water‐stable magnetite‐based particles from oleic acid‐coated counterparts. The surface of the nanoparticles was completely characterized showing how the metathesis approach introduces a large number of hydrophilic molecules on their coating layer. As an example of the possible applications of these new nanocomposites, a focus was taken on atherosclerosis plaques. It is also demonstrated how the in vitro properties of one of the probes, particularly its Ca²⁺‐binding properties, mediate their final in vivo use; that is, the selective accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. This opens promising new applications to detect possible microcalcifications associated with plaque vulnerability. The accumulation of the new imaging tracers is demonstrated by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of carotids and aorta in the ApoE^?/? mouse model and the results were confirmed by histology.     

吸附相反应技术用于不同载体表面纳米TiO2的制备

研究了不同载体对吸附相反应技术制备TiO2粒子的影响, 设计了两种不同表面形貌载体的温度实验(A型SiO2: 粒径20 nm, 比表面积640 m2·g-1; B型SiO2: 粒径12 nm, 比表面积200 m2·g-1), 并用电子能谱仪测定了两种载体表面TiO2含量随温度的变化. 结果表明, 两种载体表面Ti含量都随着温度的升高而减少, 且在一定温度范围内存在着突变, 但A载体突变的温度范围是40-60 ℃, 而B载体为30-50 ℃. TEM表征结果则显示, B表面TiO2粒子要比A表面的均匀. XRD得到的晶粒粒径曲线表明, A 载体表面TiO2晶粒粒径随着温度升高而减小并存在着突变, B载体表面粒子粒径则基本不变. 根据硅胶表面的吸附特性, 提出SiO2吸附的共性导致载体表面Ti含量变化曲线存在着共同点, 而载体内外表面的不同形貌则引起其表面吸附层的形貌以及温度敏感性不同, 最终导致两种载体表面Ti含量、晶粒粒径以及形貌上的差别.     

微接触印刷技术转移Au纳米粒子及氧化石墨烯复合图案及其性质研究

通过改良的“Hummers方法”制得氧化石墨烯,利用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）弹性印章的微接触印刷技术,以Au膜和氧化石墨烯溶液为“墨水”,通过二次印章转移,分别将Au纳米粒子和氧化石墨烯（Graphene Oxide,GO）转移至修饰了(3-氨基丙基)三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）的ITO基底（APTES/ITO）表面. 利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）等表征图案,结果表明转移的AuNPs和GO组成的复合图案均匀,致密性较好. 利用表面电势显微镜（Surface Potential Microscope,SEPM,KFM）测定了各部分的表面电势,以APTES/ITO基底表面为表面电势零点,各部分表面电势大小为：APTES/ITO > GO > Au（0,-11.6,-44.2 mV）.     

Paclitaxel-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles Based on Biotinylated N-Palmitoyl Chitosan: Synthesis,Characterization and Preliminary In Vitro Studies

A considerable interest in cancer research is represented by the development of magnetic nanoparticles based on biofunctionalized polymers for controlled-release systems of hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs targeted only to the tumor sites, without affecting normal cells. The objective of the paper is to present the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of the nanocomposites that include a magnetic core able to direct the systems to the target, a polymeric surface shell that provides stabilization and multi-functionality, a chemotherapeutic agent, Paclitaxel (PTX), and a biotin tumor recognition layer. To our best knowledge, there are no studies concerning development of magnetic nanoparticles obtained by partial oxidation, based on biotinylated N-palmitoyl chitosan loaded with PTX. The structure, external morphology, size distribution, colloidal and magnetic properties analyses confirmed the formation of well-defined crystalline magnetite conjugates, with broad distribution, relatively high saturation magnetization and irregular shape. Even if the ability of the nanoparticles to release the drug in 72 h was demonstrated, further complex in vitro and in vivo studies will be performed in order to validate the magnetic nanoparticles as PTX delivery system.     

用PAANa掺杂的纳米CaCO_3的合成及其产品表征

在反应物经超声波预处理和聚丙烯酸钠PAANa分散剂的掺杂下运用化学沉淀方法制备出窄粒径纳米碳酸钙。将所获纳米粒子运用现代分析测试手段进行结构、晶形、组成等的表征。结果表明纳米级超细碳酸钙在红外区有蓝移40cm-1和峰形窄化现象纳米粒子的高表面能及CO32-存在的共轭体系CaO键的相互作用以及表面配位的不饱和性和晶体生长的人为终止是存在表面效应的主要原因。     

Preparation,Characterization, and In Vitro Anticancer Activity Evaluation of Broccoli-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Coated Astaxanthin Nanoparticles

Astaxanthin (AST) is a type of ketone carotenoid having significant antioxidation and anticancer abilities. However, its application is limited due to its low stability and bioavailability. In our study, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-encapsulated AST (AST@PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method and then further processed by ultrasound with broccoli-derived extracellular vesicles (BEVs), thereby evolving as BEV-coated AST@PLGA nanoparticles (AST@PLGA@BEVs). The preparation process and methods were optimized by three factors and three levels of response surface method to increase drug loading (DL). After optimization, the DL was increased to 6.824%, and the size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of AST@PLGA@BEVs reached 191.60 ± 2.23 nm, 0.166, and −15.85 ± 0.92 mV, respectively. Moreover, AST@PLGA@BEVs exhibited more notable anticancer activity than AST in vitro. Collectively, these results indicate that the method of loading AST in broccoli-derived EVs is feasible and has important significance for the further development and utilization of AST as a functional food.     

Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Trigonella incise (Linn) Mediated Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles

The goal of the research was to explore a new green method used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from an aqueous extract of Trigonella incise, which serves as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The obtained results showed an 85% yield of nanoparticles by using 2:5 (v/v) of 5% plant extract with a 0.5 M solution of AgNO₃. Different techniques were used to characterize the synthesized Ag NPs, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–visible spectroscopy. The UV–visible spectra of green synthesized silver nanoparticles showed maximum absorption at a wavelength of 440 nm. The FT-IR studies revealed the stretching oscillation frequency of synthesized silver nanoparticles in the absorption band near 860 cm⁻¹. Similarly, the bending and stretching oscillation frequencies of the NH function group were assigned to the band in the 3226 cm⁻¹ and 1647 cm⁻¹ regions. The bending vibration of C-O at 1159 cm⁻¹ confirmed the carbonyl functional group that was also assigned to the small intensity band in the range of 2361 cm⁻¹. The X-ray diffraction analysis of Ag NPs revealed four distinct diffraction peaks at 2θ of 38°, 45°, 65° and 78°, corresponds to (111), (200), (220) and (311) of the face-centered cubic shape. The round shape morphology of Ag NPs with a mean diameter in the range 20–80 nm was analyzed via SEM images. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed more significant antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with an inhibition zone of 21.5 mm and 20.5 mm at 6 μg/mL concentrations, respectively, once compared to the standard reference. At concentrations of 2 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL, all of the bacterial strains showed moderate activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 11 mm to 18.5 mm. Even at high concentrations of AgNPs, S. typhi showed maximum resistance. The best antifungal activity was observed by synthesized Ag NPs against Candida albicans (C. albicans) with 21 mm zone of inhibition, as compared to a standard drug which gives 22 mm of inhibition. Therefore, we conclude that the antibacterial and antifungal activities showed satisfactory results from the synthesized Ag NPs.     

不同形貌Fe3O4纳米粒子的氧化沉淀法制备与表征

用一种方法成功合成出了球体、四方体、八面体、不规则多面体、三角形和不规则颗粒等六种具有不同形貌的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子，通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了粒子形貌。试样经过X-射线衍射(XRD)表征具有尖晶石结构，且结晶良好。经震动样品磁强计(VSM)测定，各种形貌的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子都具有良好的磁性，其中八面体形貌的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的饱和磁化强度达到86.56 emu·g^-1，剩磁为10.64 emu·g^-1，矫顽力为138 Oe。讨论了不同形貌的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子的形成机制，得出了晶核的生长环境对纳米粒子的形貌有重要影响的结论。     

酸性离子液体中铂纳米粒子的制备、表征及应用

基于功能化离子液体的特性,开发出不使用聚合物保护剂制备铂纳米粒子并同时获得具有金属和酸活性中心双功能催化剂的新方法。首先,设计并合成出了一种新型季铵型质子(Br?nsted)酸性离子液体(N, N, N-三甲基-N-磺丁基硫酸氢铵([HSO₃-b-N(CH₃)₃]HSO₄)),然后,利用化学还原方法在该离子液体中制备了金属铂纳米粒子,并采用紫外光谱、傅立叶红外光谱、X-光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射等方法对所制备的金属铂纳米粒子进行了结构表征。结果表明,所制备的铂纳米粒子具有面心立方结构,离子液体作为修饰剂修饰在铂纳米粒子的表面,有效地阻止了铂纳米粒子的团聚;将该含有铂纳米粒子的酸性离子液体作为双功能催化剂,直接用于硝基苯加氢合成对氨基苯酚反应,发现其具有良好的催化性能,在85 ℃、4 h、0.4 MPa条件下,硝基苯转化率为98.6%,对氨基苯酚收率为75.8%,回收的酸性离子液体纳米铂双功能催化体系中铂纳米粒子依然具有很好的分散性和稳定性。