Tunable ground-state solitons in spin–orbit coupling Bose–Einstein condensates in the presence of optical lattices

Properties of the ground-state solitons, which exist in the spin–orbit coupling(SOC) Bose–Einstein condensates(BEC) in the presence of optical lattices, are presented. Results show that several system parameters, such as SOC strength,lattice depth, and lattice frequency, have important influences on properties of ground state solitons in SOC BEC. By controlling these parameters, structure and spin polarization of the ground-state solitons can be effectively tuned, so manipulation of atoms may be realized.     

光晶格中超冷原子系统的磁激发

囚禁在光学晶格中的旋量凝聚体由于其长的相干性和可调控性,使其成为时下热点的多比特量子计算的潜在候选载体,清楚地了解该体系的自旋和磁性的产生和调控就显得尤为重要.本文主要从理论上回顾了光晶格原子自旋链的磁性的由来和操控手段.从激光冷却原子出发,制备旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体,并装载进光晶格,最后实现原子自旋链,对整个过程的理论研究进行了综述;就如何产生和操控自旋激发进行了详细探讨,其中包括磁孤子的制备;讨论了如何将原子自旋链应用于量子模拟.对光学晶格中的磁激发研究将会对其在冷原子物理、凝聚态物理、量子信息等各方向的应用起指导性作用.     

梯度磁场中自旋-轨道耦合旋转两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态研究

利用准二维Gross-Pitaevskii方程,研究了在梯度磁场中具有自旋-轨道耦合的旋转两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的基态结构.探索了自旋-轨道耦合作用和梯度磁场对基态的影响.结果发现,在梯度磁场下,随着自旋-轨道耦合强度增大,基态结构由skyrmion格子逐渐过渡为skyrmion列.对于弱自旋-轨道耦合和小旋转频率情况,增大磁场梯度强度可导致基态由平面波相转变为half-skyrmion;对于强自旋-轨道耦合和大旋转频率情况,梯度磁场可诱导hidden涡旋的产生.梯度磁场、自旋-轨道耦合和旋转作为体系的调控参数,可用于控制不同基态相间的转化.     

自旋轨道耦合的23Na自旋-1玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的涡旋斑图的研究

利用阻尼映射Gross-Pitaevkii方程, 研究了二维体系中自旋轨道耦合的 ²³Na自旋-1 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的涡旋斑图, 探索自旋轨道耦合强度对涡旋斑图的影响. 研究发现, 较弱的自旋轨道耦合就可以完全破坏不考虑自旋轨道耦合情况下出现的周期性涡旋晶格; 在自旋轨道耦合较强的情况下, 各自旋态的涡旋易形成涡旋组, 它们绕凝聚体中心形成花瓣状涡旋斑图. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体 自旋 涡旋     

Spinor bosonic atoms in optical lattices: symmetry breaking and fractionalization

We study superfluid and Mott insulator phases of cold spin-1 Bose atoms with antiferromagnetic interactions in an optical lattice, including a usual polar condensate phase, a condensate of singlet pairs, a crystal spin nematic phase, and a spin singlet crystal phase. We suggest a possibility of exotic fractionalized phases of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates and discuss them in the language of Z2 lattice gauge theory.     

Can spinor dipolar effects be observed in Bose-Einstein condensates?

Weak dipolar effects in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) have recently been predicted to develop spin textures. However, observation of the spin textures requires us to decrease the magnetic field down to approximately 10 microG for spin-1 alkali BECs, so that they are not washed out by the Zeeman effect. We present a scheme to observe the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction in alkali BECs under a realistic magnetic field of approximately 100 mG. Our scheme enables us to extract genuine dipolar effects and should apply also to (52)Cr BECs.     

Trapped two-dimensional condensates with synthetic spin-orbit coupling

We study trapped 2D atomic Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-independent interactions in the presence of an isotropic spin-orbit coupling, showing that a rich physics results from the nontrivial interplay between spin-orbit coupling, confinement and interatomic interactions. For low interactions two types of half-vortex solutions with different winding occur, whereas strong-enough repulsive interactions result in a stripe-phase similar to that predicted for homogeneous condensates. Intermediate interaction regimes are characterized for large enough spin-orbit coupling by an hexagonally-symmetric phase with a triangular lattice of density minima similar to that observed in rapidly rotating condensates.     

Vortex chains induced by anisotropic spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field in spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates

We investigate the anisotropic spin-orbit coupled spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates with Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic field. With nonzero magnetic field, anisotropic spin-orbit coupling will introduce several vortices and further generate a vortex chain. Inside the vortex chain, the vortices connect to each other, forming a line along the axis. The physical nature of the vortex chain can be explained by the particle current and the momentum distribution. The vortex number inside the vortex chain can be influenced via varying the magnetic field. Through adjusting the anisotropy of the spin-orbit coupling, the direction of the vortex chain is changed, and the vortex lattice can be triggered. Moreover, accompanied by the variation of the atomic interactions, the density and the momentum distribution of the vortex chain are affected. The realization and the detection of the vortex chain are compatible with current experimental techniques.     

Bessel型光晶格中自旋-轨道耦合极化激元凝聚的稳态结构

Bessel型光晶格是一种非空间周期性的柱对称的光晶格势场,其兼具无限深势阱和环状势阱的特征,在0阶Bessel光晶格势场中央形成深势阱,而在非0阶Beseel光晶格势场中能形成具有中央势垒的环状浅势阱.极化激元是一种半光半物质的准粒子,该准粒子甚至可以在室温条件下发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚相变,形成极化激元凝聚.另外,通过极化激元能级的腔诱导TE-TM分裂能在极化激元凝聚中实现足够强的自旋-轨道耦合作用.极化激元凝聚能在室温条件下实现,在其中又存在自旋-轨道耦合作用,其为量子物理的研究提供了全新的平台.本文把Bessel光晶格势场引入到极化激元凝聚系统,研究了存在自旋-轨道耦合作用下的旋量双组分极化激元凝聚系统的稳态结构.通过求解Gross-Pitaevskii方程给出了极化激元凝聚系统在实验室坐标系和旋转坐标系中极化激元凝聚系统的稳态结构,由于Bessel势场的引入,使得稳态结构更具有多样性.给出了实验室坐标系中在中央深势阱中存在的基础型高斯孤立子、多极孤立子和在环状浅势阱中存在环状孤立子和多极孤立子的稳态结构;给出了旋转坐标系中存在的涡旋环状孤立子,及其由于自旋-轨道相互作用引起的组...     

光晶格势阱中二元凝聚体的矢量孤子的振荡和分裂

考虑外部囚禁势阱为光晶格势阱,研究了二元玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中亮-亮孤子的动力学行为.结果表明,亮-亮孤子的运动方向和振荡行为可以分别通过调节光晶格势阱的晶格常数和势阱深度来控制.进一步地,亮-亮孤子还可以被局域在光晶格势阱中,并且随着势阱深度的增加,局域孤子会产生分裂行为.     

Dark soliton interaction of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice

We study the magnetic soliton dynamics of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice which results in an effective Hamiltonian of anisotropic pseudospin chain. An equation of nonlinear Schrödinger type is derived and exact magnetic soliton solutions are obtained analytically by means of Hirota method. Our results show that the critical external field is needed for creating the magnetic soliton in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. The soliton size, velocity and shape frequency can be controlled in practical experiment by adjusting the magnetic field. Moreover, the elastic collision of two solitons is investigated in detail.     

Dynamics of bright soliton in a spin–orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate

We have investigated the dynamics of bright solitons in a spin–orbit coupled spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate analytically and numerically. By using the hyperbolic sine function as the trial function to describe a plane wave bright soliton with a single finite momentum, we have derived the motion equations of soliton's spin and center of mass, and obtained its exact analytical solutions. Our results show that the spin–orbit coupling couples the soliton's spin with its center-of-mass motion, the spin oscillations induced by the exchange of atoms between components result in the periodical oscillation of center-of-mass, and the motion of center of mass of soliton can be viewed as a superposition of periodical and linear motions. Our analytical results have also been confirmed by the direct numerical simulations of Gross–Pitaevskii equations.     

玻色凝聚的原子自旋链中的非线性自旋波

研究了囚禁在光晶格中的旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)形成的原子自旋链中的相干非线性自旋波的激发与调制不稳定性.通过解析分析，得到了调制不稳定性的一般判据以及其对原子自旋的长程耦合的依赖关系.在蓝失谐和红失谐光晶格的情况下，分别具体分析了长程非线性自旋耦合，包括光诱导的和静磁诱导的偶极-偶极相互作用对相干自旋波调制不稳定性的影响.     

Dynamic stability and manipulation of bright matter-wave solitons by optical lattices in Bose-Einstein condensates

An extended variation approach to describing the dynamic evolution of self-attractive Bose-Einstein condensates is developed. We consider bright matter-wave solitons in the presence of a parabolic magnetic potential and a time-space periodic optical lattice. The dynamics of condensates is shown to be well approximated by four coupled nonlinear differential equations. A noteworthy feature is that the extended variation approach gives a critical strength ratio to support multiple stable lattice sites for the condensate. We further examine the existence of the solitons and their stabilities at the multiple stable lattice sites. In this case, the analytical predictions of Bose-Einstein condensates variational dynamics are found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations. We then find a stable region for successful manipulating matter-wave solitons without collapse, which are dragged from an initial stationary to a prescribed position by a moving periodic optical lattice.     

Spin-orbit coupled spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

An effective spin-orbit coupling can be generated in a cold atom system by engineering atom-light interactions. In this Letter we study spin-1/2 and spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, and find that the condensate wave function will develop nontrivial structures. From numerical simulation we have identified two different phases. In one phase the ground state is a single plane wave, and often we find the system splits into domains and an array of vortices plays the role of a domain wall. In this phase, time-reversal symmetry is broken. In the other phase the condensate wave function is a standing wave, and it forms a spin stripe. The transition between them is driven by interactions between bosons. We also provide an analytical understanding of these results and determine the transition point between the two phases.     

Manipulating vortices in F=2 Bose-Einstein condensates through magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling

We investigate the vortex structures excited by Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic field and Dresselhaus-type spin-orbit coupling in F=2 ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensates. In the weakly interatomic interacting regime, an external magnetic field can generate a polar-core vortex in which the canonical particle current is zero. With the combined effect of spin-orbit coupling and magnetic field, the ground state experiences a transition from polar-core vortex to Mermin-Ho vortex, in which the canonical particle current is anticlockwise. For fixed spin-orbit coupling strengths, the evolution of phase winding, magnetization, and degree of phase separation with magnetic field are studied. Additionally, with further increasing spin-orbit coupling strength, the condensate exhibits symmetrical density domains separated by radial vortex arrays. Our work paves the way to explore exotic topological excitations in high-spin systems.     

Dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates near Feshbach resonance in external potential

We review our recent theoretical advances in the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates with tunable interactions using Feshbach resonance and external potential. A set of analytic and numerical methods for Gross-Pitaevskii equations are developed to study the nonlinear dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates. Analytically, we present the integrable conditions for the Gross-Pitaevskii equations with tunable interactions and external potential, and obtain a family of exact analytical solutions for one- and two-component Bose-Einstein condensates in one and two-dimensional cases. Then we apply these models to investigate the dynamics of solitons and collisions between two solitons. Numerically, the stability of the analytic exact solutions are checked and the phenomena, such as the dynamics and modulation of the ring dark soliton and vector-soliton, soliton conversion via Feshbach resonance, quantized soliton and vortex in quasi-two-dimensional are also investigated. Both the exact and numerical solutions show that the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates can be effectively controlled by the Feshbach resonance and external potential, which offer a good opportunity for manipulation of atomic matter waves and nonlinear excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates.     

纳米结构中磁斯格明子的原位电子全息研究

斯格明子(skyrmion)磁序结构与晶体微观结构的关联是新型功能磁材料和器件研发的重要问题.本文利用微纳加工技术制备了形状、尺寸均可控的磁纳米结构,通过电子全息术观察定量地分析了斯格明子磁序结构,确定了材料晶格缺陷和空间受限效应对斯格明子磁结构形成和稳定机制的影响,系统地分析了斯格明子基元的磁功能与材料微结构的关联.文中主要探讨了两个问题:1)斯格明子在磁纳米结构中的空间受限效应.重点研究斯格明子磁序随外磁场和温度变化的演变规律,探索其演变过程的拓扑属性和稳定性;2)晶格缺陷对斯格明子磁结构的影响,重点考察晶界原子结构手性反转对斯格明子磁序的影响.这些研究结果可为研发以磁斯格明子为基元的磁信息存储器及自旋电子学器件提供重要实验基础.     

Moving Matter-Wave Solitons in Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates

We investigate the moving matter-wave solitons in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates(BECs) by a perturbation method.Starting with the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equations,we derive a new KdV-like equation to which an approximate solution is obtained by assuming weak Raman coupling and strong spinorbit coupling.The derivation of the KdV-like equation may be useful to understand the properties of solitons excitation in spin-orbit coupled BECs.We find different types of moving solitons:dark-bright,bright-bright and dark-dark solitons.Interestingly,moving dark-dark soliton for attractive intra- and inter-species interactions is found,which depends on the Raman coupling.The amplitude and velocity of the moving solitons strongly depend on the Raman coupling and spin-orbit coupling.     

Spin waves in a Bose-Einstein--condensed atomic spin chain

The spin dynamics of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice is studied. The condensates at each lattice site behave like spin magnets that can interact with each other through both the light-induced dipole-dipole interaction and the static magnetic dipole-dipole interaction. We show how these site-to-site dipolar interactions can distort the ground-state spin orientations and lead to the excitation of spin waves. The dispersion relation of the spin waves is studied and possible detection schemes are proposed.