各种烯基锆化合物的合成及其在立体选择性合成二(三)取代的烯烃中的应用

烯基锆化合物及硒基烯基锆化合物、锡基烯基锆化合物、磺酰基烯基锆化合物、亚磺酰基烯基锆化合物、硅基烯基锆化合物等金属或杂原子取代的烯基锆化合物 ,可通过锆氢化反应高产率和高选择性地制得 .这些试剂可与各种亲电试剂反应立体选择性地合成二取代或三取代的烯烃化合物     

Fe(0)催化三氯乙酸烯丙酯的环化反应研究

通过对Fe(O)催化烯烃自由基环化反应的研究，发现以Fe(O)为催化剂催化三氯 乙酸烯丙酯分子内自由基环化反应可以高化学选择性得到五元环内酯产物，反应中 不需加入配体。和大多数自由基反应一样，反应温度与催化剂用量对该反应的转化 率和产率有着很大的影响。     

烯烃亲电加成反应的教学研究

烯烃的典型反应是亲电加成反应.大学有机化学教学目标要求学生掌握并能熟练应用烯烃亲电加成反应的区域选择性、立体选择性以及烯烃的反应活性解决实际问题.具体包括:(1)使用区域选择性预测加成主副产物;(2)使用立体选择性判断加成产物立体结构;(3)综合考虑电子效应,熟练比较各种烯烃的反应活性.由于烯烃亲电加成反应底物多、影响...     

铁催化1,1-二取代烯烃的不对称硅氢化反应

<正>Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2015,54,4661~4664手性含硅化合物不仅在有机合成化学有重要的研究价值,而且在药物化学中也有重要的应用价值.通过对烯烃的不对称硅氢化反应可以直接制备该类化合物,但由于较难识别潜手性底物的选择性,对于简单1,1-二取代烯烃的高对映选择性硅氢化反应很难实现.浙江大学化学系陆展特聘研究员利用手性廉价金属铁催化剂,成功实现1,1-二取代烯烃和二苯基硅氢的不对称硅氢化反应,高产率、高选择性地得到反马氏加成的手性硅化合物.原料简单     

不对称氨羟化反应

介绍了Sharpless等人新近发现的不对称氨羟化反应,该反应可将烯烃直接转化成为手性β-氨基醇类化合物。对于有些烯烃,Sharpless不对称氨羟化反应具有高的区域选择性(20:1)和高的对映选择性(>98%e.e.)。     

非对称烯烃反应的立体化学

通过实例就非对称烯烃反应(加卤素、加次卤酸、溶剂汞化-脱汞反应、硼氢化-氧化反应、稀冷高锰酸钾氧化反应、过酸氧化反应等)的区域选择性和立体专一性进行详细分析,并根据反应机理讨论了产物的立体构型。     

非血红素铁、锰配合物催化烯烃不对称环氧化反应研究进展

手性环氧化物是重要的有机反应中间体.金属氧化酶催化的氧化反应通常具有高效、高选择性、反应条件温和和绿色的特点,模拟其中的非血红素铁加氧酶设计合成一系列手性四氮铁锰配合物催化烯烃不对称环氧化反应成为获得高产率、高对映选择性的手性环氧化物的一个重要方法.本文综述了近年来非血红素手性四氮铁锰配合物催化烯烃不对称环氧化反应的研究进展及相应的机理研究.     

碱土金属氧化物担载Fe—MnO催化剂的CO加氢反应制低碳烯烃性能

碱土金属氧化物担载Ｆｅ－ＭｎＯ催化剂可大幅度提高低碳烯烃的选择性和ＣＯ转化率，添加碱金属助剂将进一步改善其催化性能；ＭｎＯ是铁催化剂由合成气制烯烃的有效助剂；碱土金属氧化物担体能抑制乙烯发生歧化反应及丙烯加氢反应，而ＭｎＯ助剂主要抑制乙烯加氢反应，从而有利于提高合成气制低碳烯烃的选择性。     

钯催化烯烃的不对称马氏氢胺羰基化反应

一氧化碳参与的羰基化反应是有机合成中最重要的反应之一.烯烃的氢羰基化反应已经被广泛应用于药物、材料及精细化学品的工业生产中[1].例如,乙烯的甲氧羰基化反应被用于甲基丙烯酸甲酯的工业合成,然而,该领域仍有许多挑战性难题尚未得到有效解决.烯烃的氢胺羰基化反应能以原子经济性的方式合成酰胺,且已经实现该类反应的区域选择性控制,但是,如何同时控制该类反应的区域选择性和对映选择性,以简单易得的烯烃和一氧化碳为底物直接合成手性酰胺类化合物,仍是一个悬而未决的重要难题.     

半稳定磷叶立德和亚胺高选择性合成卤代烯烃

半稳定磷叶立德分别和合适的磺酰基活化的亚胺在温和的反应条件下得到高选择性的卤代烯烃产物,对于芳香族、杂芳环、α,β-不饱和以及脂肪族亚胺产物都可以得到良好的收率.除此之外,我们还以良好的收率选择性合成了单一构型的一系列的氯代和碘代烯烃产物.该反应机理和Wittig反应类似,反应通过[2+2]环加成生成中间体然后消除得到...     

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE OVER Mn_2O_3-Na_2WO_4/SiO_2 CATALYST IN THE ABSENCE OF DILUTE GAS

The oxidative coupling of methane over Mn2O3-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst has been investigated in the absence of dilute gas. 16.4% of C2 yield and 80.4% of the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons were obtained at CH4/O2 = 8.5/1.5. The effect of flow rate on the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons and CH4 conversion was different under the reaction condition of different ratio of CH4 to oxygen. The flow rate had a more remarkable effect on the selectivity at the lower ratio of methane to oxygen. The addition of steam into the reaction gas can increase C2 yield to some extent, but that of HC1 decrease the selectivity to C2 hydrocarbons.     

On the mechanism of the conversion of methanol to 2,2,3-trimethylbutane (triptane) over zinc iodide

Methanol is converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons by reaction with zinc iodide at 200 degrees C with one highly branched alkane, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane (triptane), being obtained in surprisingly high selectivity. Mechanistic studies implicate a two-stage process, the first involving heterogeneously catalyzed formation of a carbon-carbon-bonded species, probably ethylene, that undergoes homogeneously catalyzed sequential cationic methylation to higher hydrocarbons. The first stage can be bypassed by addition of olefins, higher alcohols, or arenes, which act as initiators. Rationales for the particular activity of zinc iodide and for the selectivity to triptane are proposed.     

K改性β-Mo2C催化剂CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的研究

制备系列K改性的β-Mo2C催化剂并对其CO加氢合成低碳混合醇性能进行了考察。结果表明，K改性使β-Mo2C催化剂的CO加氢选择性发生显著变化。β-Mo2C催化剂CO加氢的产物主要为C1～C4烷烃,经K改性后β-Mo2C催化剂上产物主要为C1～C5低碳醇，其中高级醇(C2+OH)选择性可达到33.78%。通过对碱金属质量分数的考察发现，当K/Mo（原子比）为0.2时，总醇选择性达到最大值，低碳醇的时空收率达到0.12 g/（mL·h－１）。β-Mo2C催化剂上醇烃产物均符合线性Anderson-Schultz-Flory（A-S-F）分布曲线，而K改性β-Mo2C催化剂上醇产物为独特的甲醇负偏离A-S-F分布。可见，K助剂的加入有效促进了低碳醇的形成，尤其是促进了C1OH到C2OH的链增长步骤。     

Li-Nd-Mg氧化物上甲烷氧化偶联

自从1982年Keller首先报导了甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯、乙烷的催化反应以来,引起国内外广泛的重视,若甲烷的转化率C达35%,C_2的选择性S(C_2)达88%,乙烯/乙烷较大时,则甲烷氧化偶联催化过程可以工业化.当前国内外的工作重点是寻求甲烷转化率高,C_2选择性好的催化剂.Li和烯土复合氧化物催化剂引起人们注意,C_2的收率Y(C_2)可达24.6%,本文采用高温灼烧而成的Li-Nd-Mg复合氧化物,Y(C_2)可达31.3%. 实验部分Li-Nd-Mg复合氧化物由高温灼烧而成,实验采用小型固定床石英反应器,反应器的直     

笼状烃金刚烷的新合成方法

笼状烃金刚烷的新合成方法米镇涛郭建维邱立勤（天津大学化工学院天津３０００７２）关键词金刚烷，沸石，催化异构金刚烷（三环［３．３．１．１［３，７］癸烷）是一种周正对称、非常稳定的笼状烃，是由１０个碳原子和１６个氢原子构成的环状四面体碳氢化合物，基本骨...     

Highly effective methane conversion to aromatic hydrocarbons by means of microwave and rf-induced catalysis

Conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbon products, in particular, aromatic hydrocarbons has been achieved with good methane conversion and selectivity to aromatic products over heterogeneous catalysts using both high power pulsed microwave and rf energy. For example, under microwave irradiation > 85% conversion of methane and 60% selectivity to aromatics could be achieved. Cu, Ni, Fe and Al metallic materials are highly effective catalysts for the aromatization of methane via microwave heating; however, with a variety of supported catalysts the major products were C₂ hydrocarbons and the conversion of methane was low. The use of sponge, wire and net forms of these metal catalysts was found advantageous in effective methane conversion. The reactions are considered to be free radical in nature and to proceed through an intermediate stage involving formation of acetylene. The influence of catalyst nature and configuration, as well as the microwave and rf irradiation parameters on the reaction efficiency and product selectivity has been examined in both batch and continuous flow conditions.     

Non-oxidative dehydro-oligomerization of methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons at low temperatures

The non-oxidative dehydro-oligomerization of methane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons such as aroma tics and C2 hydrocarbons in a low temperature range of 773-973 K with Mo/HZSM-5,Mo-Zr/HZSM-5 and Mo-W/HZSM-5 catalysts is studied.The means for enhancing the activity and stability of the Mo-containing catalysts under the reaction conditions is reported.Quite a stable methane conversion rate of over 10% with a high selectivity to the higher hydrocarbons has been obtained at a temperature of 973 K.Pure methane conversions of about 5.2% and 2.0% have been obtained at 923 and 873 K,respectively.In addition,accompanied by the C2-C3 mixture,tht- methane reaction can be initiated even at a lower temperature and the conversion rate of methane is enhanced by the presence of tne initiator of C2-C3 hydrocarbons.Compared with methane oxidative coupling to ethylene,the novel way for methane transformation is significant and reasonable for its lower reaction temperatures and high selectivity to the desired prod     

Effect of La2O3／γ—Al2O3 Catalyst on the Activation of CH4 and CO2 to C2 Hydrocarbons under Non—equilibrium Plasma

In the reaction of methane and carbon dioxide to C2 hydrocabons under non-equilibrium plasma, methane conversion was decreased,but selectivity of C2 hydroxarbons was increased when using La2O3/γ-Al2O3 as catalyst. So the yield of C2 hydrocarbons was higher than using plasma alone. The synergism of La2O3/γ-Al2O3 and plasma gave methane conversion of 24.9% and C2 yield of 18.1%. The distribution of C2 hydrocarbons changed when Pd-La2O3/γ-Al2O3 was used as catalyst,the major C2 product was ethylene.     

Effect of La_2O_3/γAl_2O_3 Catalyst on the Activation of CH_4 and CO_2 to C_02 Hydrocarbons under Non-equilibrium Plasma

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C2 hydrocarbons using carbon dioxide as oxidant is an attractive process from environmental point of view. Only a few research papers reported for it1-3. In general, the yield of C2 hydrocarbons was about 6%. This indicated that the method of catalytic activation was unfavorable to the reaction. It is necessary for us to find a new method in order to activate reaction and improve C2 hydrocarbon yield. Non-equilibrium plasma is a cold plasma in…