压电套筒式拉压双向受力主动杆件设计及测试

压电堆具有体积小、频响快、能耗低以及集传感与驱动于一体等优点。结合二次驱动机械设计原理,开发了适应于结构振动控制的压电套筒式拉压双向受力主动杆件。本文介绍了主动杆件的设计方法及构成部件,并给出了详细的工作原理图,阐述了主动杆件为充分发挥压电堆良好受压性能而将拉力转化为压力的传力途径,并运用Hamilton原理,对主动杆件进行了有限元建模。通过对压电堆的性能测试,得到了压电堆的电压-位移输出关系以及动态性能曲线;通过对压电主动杆件的动力性能测试,得出压电主动杆件适宜于在20Hz～50Hz频段范围内工作;由驱动性能测试,得到了主动杆件的增益函数。本文结论可为进行结构抗振提供设计参考。     

考虑损伤拉压不同模量梁的纯弯曲

根据考虑损伤的变模量弹性理论,建立了考虑损伤的拉压不同模量梁的弯曲基本方程,推导了梁的拉（压)应力、受拉区高度和挠度的计算公式．应用数值计算方法,分别得到了有损与无损时梁极限拉（压）应力、受拉区高度与模量比的关系曲线以及有损梁的最大挠度和模量比的关系曲线,同时得到了梁拉（压）应力比值、损伤引起的中性轴偏移量和梁跨中挠度比值与载荷的关系曲线．这些结论可为工程上具拉压不同模量梁的截面设计提供一定的参考价值．     

准静态压缩应力-应变曲线测量方法的探索

本文介绍了用应变片直接测量材料的准静态应力-应变曲线的试验研究。在MTS810材料试验机上分别对93W、G50、砂浆等几种材料进行了准静态压缩试验。由于仪器的系统误差不能由MTSCod规准确的得到材料的真实的弹性变形。为此在试件的中部贴应变片得到材料的弹性变形,塑性变形仍旧由MTSCod规记录,从而得到试样的真实的应变,准确获得准静态压缩应力-应变曲线。试验结果表明:在试件中部贴应变片的方法能够准确得到该材料的杨氏模量;在试件两端垫块的刀口上安置Cod规可得到材料的应力应变曲线。两者的合理组合即可得到准确而完整的准静态压缩应力-应变曲线。试验中还发现准静态实验中试件的断面加工不平,偏心压缩等都会影响E的准确测量。     

Designing a Uniaxial Tension/Compression Test for Springback Analysis in High-Strength Steel Sheets

We describe an innovative design for an in-plane measurement technique that subjects thin sheet metal specimens to bidirectional loading. The goal of this measurement is to provide the critical performance data necessary to validate complex predictions of the work hardening behavior during reversed uniaxial deformation. In this approach, all of the principal forces applied to the specimen are continually measured in real-time throughout the test. This includes the lateral forces that are required to prevent out of plane displacements in the specimen that promote buckling. This additional information will, in turn, improve the accuracy of the compensation for the friction generated between the anti-bucking guides and the specimen during compression. The results from an initial series of experiments not only demonstrate that our approach is feasible, but that it generates data with the accuracy necessary to quantify the directionally-dependent changes in the yield behavior that occur when the strain path is reversed (i.e., the Bauschinger Effect).     

三维编程复合材料拉压性能的实验研究

本文通过对三维编程T300／QY9512复合材料纵向和横向的拉伸和压缩试验，研究了三维编程复合材料的刚度和强度特性，通过试验发现纵向拉压以及横向拉压应力应变曲线几乎为直线，具有脆性破坏的特点；三维编织T300／QY9512复合材料纵向拉压强度与横向拉压强度均不同，这主要是因为其破坏模式不同的缘故；另外，声发射数据表明了纵向拉伸试验中试件损伤的发展和破坏与声发射的敲击计数和能量相关。     

变宽度板在拉伸和弯曲作用下的三维应力集中

根据一种修正的余能原理，建立了具有一个无外力圆柱面的三维杂交应力元，元内假定应力场满足三维柱坐标表示的平衡方程及无外力圆柱面上的外力边界条件；当元退化为二维时，也满足协调条件。单元位移场选择与相邻单元协调。数值算例表明这种特殊杂交应力元在相当粗的网格下，能十分有效地分析变宽度薄／厚板在拉伸与弯曲作用下的三维(及二维)应力集中。     

Modeling Transverse Compression of Cylindrical Bodies in Bending

A nonclassical theory of the stress–strain state of composite beams in bending is developed. Both transverse shear and transverse compression are taken into account. The results demonstrate the high accuracy of the theory in investigation of short transversally isotropic beams     

Interaction Curves for Bending and Axial Forces of Perfectly Plastic Curved I-Beams

This paper is concerned with the ultimate strength of curved beams with an I-shaped cross section subjected to combined bending moment and axial forces. The considered cross section is assumed to be fully plastic. The corresponding statically admissible distributions of stresses result in an axial force and bending moment which generate the interaction curve. This curve may be very different from the interaction curve of a straight beam with the same cross section.     

双向拉伸试验的进展与钛板双向拉伸的强化研究

本文研究了双向拉伸的各种装置、试件和试验方法,以及它们各方面的进展,同时推导出双向拉伸下的各向异性虎克定律和屈服条件,并对钛板作了相应的专题研究。     

圆筒弯扭组合实验中弯曲切应力的测量

分析了圆筒弯扭组合实验中弯曲切应力的主要测量误差,提出了改进的贴片方式,在此基础上,重新设计了弯曲切应力的实验方案.     

微结构片外弯曲测试装置及试样设计

硅是微电子机械系统（简称微机电系统）中最常见的功能结构材料,可靠性是制约硅微构件小尺度加工和大规模制造的瓶颈问题．为研究硅微构件的力学特性,本文开发了一套以压电驱动、微力测量、位移检测为核心组件的片外测试系统．设计了一种将四个弯曲测试梁集于一体的微结构,借助有限元方法确定其尺寸,并用理论方法验证有限元分析的合理性．本文着重确保了四个关键设计目标：一、每根测试梁最大应力应位于其与外框架结合处;二、未断裂测试梁的最大应力受其他梁的断裂的影响应足够小;三、各个测试梁的最大应力的差别应足够小;四、支撑梁的最大应力应明显小于测试梁．最后测试了试样的弯曲强度,实验加载曲线和有限元分析基本吻合,表明测试装置和试样设计是合理的,为后续的硅微构件可靠性测试奠定了基础．     

不同拉压模量连续梁的解析解

拉压不同模量的材料在工程中应用很广,特别是近几年发展起来的复合材料都具有明显的拉压不同模量性质.本文对复杂应力状态下不同模量连续梁提出了中性轴判断定理,并用分段积分方法推导出不同模量结构的中性层计算表达式及应力的解析解.通过对实例的计算及分析,得出不同模量与经典力相同模量两种方法在结构应力计算上的差异,最后提出对该类结...     

Friction Correction of Austenite Flow Stress Curves Determined under Axisymmetric Compression Conditions

Experimental Mechanics - The experimental flow stress curves of structural steels obtained from axisymmetric compression tests conducted under hot-working conditions very often include the...     

Mechanical Testing of Thin Sheet Magnesium Alloys in Biaxial Tension and Uniaxial Compression

Tension and compression experiments on magnesium rolled sheets and extruded products of AZ31 (Mg?+?3%Al?+?1%Zn) and ZE10 (Mg?+?1%Zn?+?0.3%Ce based misc metal) were performed at room temperature. The tests were conducted along the longitudinal and the transverse direction to quantify the in-plane anisotropy. Samples built from adhesively-bonded layers of sheets were used for in-plane as well as through-thickness compression testing. It was verified that this simple testing method leads to identical results as using comb-like dies and equi-biaxial bulge testing, respectively. In the case of uniaxial loading, the longitudinal and transverse strain components were measured using independent extensometers. R-values were calculated from these signals. The mechanical responses were correlated to the microstructure and the texture. The recorded differences between tensile and compressive response reveal the strength differential effect of the materials. The distortional character of the plastic behaviour is evidenced through their responses to equi-biaxial tensile loading. Significant differences in the compressive responses of the two alloys were identified by comparing the respective hardening rates.     

Flattened Brazilian Disc Method for Determining the Dynamic Tensile Stress-Strain Curve of Low Strength Brittle Solids

An indirect tensile testing method is proposed to measure the full dynamic tensile stress-strain curve of low strength brittle solids. In this method, the flattened-Brazilian disc (FBD) sample is loaded by modified split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPB) system. Low amplitude dynamic forces were measured with a pair of piezoelectric force transducers embedded in the incident bar and the transmitted bar. The evolution of tensile stress at the center of the disc sample was determined through finite element analyses using the measured stress in SHPB as inputs. In a traditional Brazilian test, a strain gauge is mounted at the center of the specimen to measure the tensile strain, which is difficult to apply for low strength brittle materials. Thus, two types of non-contact methods, the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique and the Laser Gap Gauge (LGG), were used to measure the strain. The DIC method was used to monitor the displacement and the strain map of the specimen during the test, from which the strain at the center of the specimen can be obtained. The accuracy of the DIC results was assessed, and the displacement and strain uncertainties of our system were 0.003 mm and 0.003, respectively. LGG was used to monitor the expansion of the disc perpendicular to the loading axis, from which the average tensile strain is deduced. The numerical simulation revealed that the tensile strain at the center of the specimen is proportional to the average tensile strain and that the ratio is not sensitive to the material elastic parameters. The strain measured through LGG was compared with that measured by the DIC method using photos captured with a synchronized high-speed camera. The result of the LGG method was 20 % smaller than that of the DIC process. However, the latter was limited by the number of frames of the high-speed camera. The feasibility of this methodology was demonstrated using a polymer-bonded explosive (PBX).     

压电介质中受拉伸与弯曲联合作用的圆币形裂纹问题

以弹性位移分量和电势函数为基本未知量时，横观各向同性压电介质非轴对称三维问题的控制微分方程是四个二阶线性偏微分方程相联立的方程组。本文导出了用四个调和函数表示位移及电势的该方程组的势函数通解。作为通解的应用举例，文中求解了压电陶瓷材料中受拉伸与弯曲联合作用的圆币形裂纹问题，得到了裂纹尖端附近应力场及电位移场的解析表达式。结果表明裂尖场以及应力强度因子和电位移强度因子均表现出复杂的机－电耦合行为。     

考虑材料拉压异性的固支圆板塑性极统一解

本文采用最新的统一强度理论求出了固支圆板的塑性极限荷载,内力场及速度的统一解;得出了强度理论参数b及材料的不同拉压比α对塑性极限的影响曲线,所给出的解可以灵活地适用于各种不同特性的材料及机械、土木、航空等工程的相关结构中,文献中已有的Tresca解,Mises解和双剪统一屈服准则解均为本文的特例,本文的统一解还给出了一系列新的结果,统一解大于Tresca,Mohr-Coulomb的单剪理论解,它可以更好地发挥材料的强度潜力,工程应用可以取得明显的经济效益。     

有初弯的刚度非对称转子的动力学特性分析及实验研究

对刚度不对称转子在有初始弯曲时的稳定性和动态响应性特性进行了理论分析和实验研究。重点研究了初弯方向与原始不平衡方向间夹角对系统响应特性的影响，提出了识别转子初弯和刚度不对称情形的特征量和诊断方法。研究表明：初始弯曲转子不仅在低转速时的振幅趋于初始弯曲值，而且随初始弯曲与不平衡间夹角的变化和初始弯曲与偏心距比值大小的变化振幅曲线出现很大的差异。特别是在大夹角情形下，夹角对振幅曲线的影响较大。当初始弯曲小于偏心距时，临界前振幅会随着转速升高而下降然后又上升，而当初始弯曲大于偏心距时，临办后振幅会随着转速升高而下降然后又上升。在临界前刚度不对称轩子的幅频曲线有副临界现象，转子运转频率处于两个自然频率间时系统会失稳，不平衡的增大对两类情况的幅频曲线变化趋势影响较大。