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1.
本文通过改变直剪盒内高精度球形玻璃珠粒径、直剪盒厚度和长度的比例关系来观察体系剪切应力同试样边界条件的关系.发现随着玻璃珠粒径的减小样品所能承受的剪切应力会略微减小,而直剪盒长度的减小也会导致剪切应力的下降.实验结果表明直剪盒长度不足35倍颗粒粒径或者其厚度小于0.5倍直剪盒长度的时候,直剪实验具有明显的尺寸效应,现行的直剪实验指导标准应当予以修正.  相似文献   

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3.
稠密颗粒介质在自然界和工业生产中广泛存在。在高温条件下,辐射对传热过程有十分重要的影响,并且在实际工程应用中,边界的作用不可忽略。本文采用辐射传递函数(RDF)作为表征体系内辐射换热的特性参数,它是辐射传递因子(RD)从离散尺度到连续尺度的扩展,不仅包含几何信息还包含辐射能量信息。因此它可以完全表征体系中的辐射换热,从而有助于直观地分析边界对颗粒热辐射传输特性(以RDF分布进行表征)的影响。分析了在靠近反射性边界时颗粒填充率和颗粒表面发射率对颗粒热辐射传输的影响,结果表明,边界对于由RDF表征的系统内颗粒热辐射传输有重要影响,颗粒填充率和颗粒表面发射率对该影响具有调节作用。研究结果有助于深入理解稠密颗粒介质中的热辐射传输机制。  相似文献   

4.
吴亚敏  陈国庆 《物理学报》2009,58(3):2056-2060
研究非稀释极限下带壳的球形颗粒复合介质体系光学双稳的温度效应.其中带壳颗粒是由具有线性响应的核和非线性响应的壳层组成.由于复合体系中的空间局域场是不均匀的,所以应用自洽平均场理论,解析推导核内电场平方的空间平均值与外电场的关系表达式,并对不同温度及不同结构参数下的光学双稳进行了数值计算.结果表明,双稳与温度T、结构参数k和体积分数f有关.在k和f一定时,随温度的升高,双稳效应因上阈值减小、下阈值增大而逐渐减弱,直至双稳消失;在T和f一定时,随结构参数的增大,上、下阈值都增大,而上阈值的增速较大从而导致双稳区域宽度加大.关键词:带壳颗粒复合介质光学双稳温度效应  相似文献   

5.
陈志鹏  於文静  高雷 《物理学报》2019,68(5):51101-051101
研究了两束相干光以相同的入射角从左、右两侧分别入射到Au-SiO_2复合介质板时,在不同的体系参数下该复合材料体系发生相干完美吸收的情形.运用有效媒质理论推导出了复合介质的有效介电常数以及有效磁导率;在得到有效电磁参数的基础上进一步推导得到平面波入射复合介质板时的反/透射系数.通过比较分析非局域和局域情况下颗粒复合介质的相干完美吸收现象,发现当颗粒尺寸很小时非局域效应的影响会导致复合介质产生相干完美吸收的入射光的频率范围显著变宽.在进一步的解析计算中,通过调节复合介质板的厚度、入射光波长、金属颗粒体积分数等参数得到了不同情况下产生的相干完美吸收现象,并由此分析非局域情形下对于相干完美吸收现象的调控.  相似文献   

6.
颗粒介质弹性的弛豫   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
孙其诚  刘传奇  周公旦 《物理学报》2015,64(23):236101-236101
颗粒介质是复杂的多体相互作用体系, 其弹性源自内部的力链结构, 弹性能量处在亚稳态, 具有复杂的弛豫行为. 在常规作用下, 颗粒介质往往呈现明显的弹性弛豫. 应力松弛是应变恒定时应力的衰减现象, 弹性弛豫是应力松弛的主要原因. 在前期工作基础上, 从弹性势能面和双颗粒温度热力学角度分析了弹性弛豫的机理, 量化了弹性应力演化不可逆过程; 基于双颗粒温度热力学计算得到了弹性能、颗粒温度和应力的演化, 其中应力松弛的计算结果与实验结果基本一致, 讨论了颗粒温度初值和输运系数的影响. 指出, 开展力链结构及其动力学研究是揭示宏观弹性弛豫机理的关键.  相似文献   

7.
颗粒介质的离散态特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
彭政  厚美瑛  史庆藩  陆坤权 《物理学报》2007,56(2):1195-1202
回顾了颗粒介质中应力的分布和传播模式以及物体在颗粒介质中运动所受阻力的研究进展,并报道了我们对颗粒体系中代表离散特性的颗粒尺寸效应对颗粒介质特性影响的研究.研究发现物体由于自身重量在颗粒介质中下沉的深度随着颗粒尺寸的增大单调减小;球体在下陷过程中受到的颗粒床的支撑力,除了在约1 mm范围的表面作用区域以外,与下陷深度之间满足很好的幂率关系,幂值在1.5—1.0之间,并且此幂值随着颗粒尺寸的增大而单调减小.颗粒床的支撑力与下陷深度的幂率关系可解释为颗粒介质内部应力结构重组的宏观反应结果.关键词:颗粒物质离散介质力学  相似文献   

8.
彭政  陆坤权  厚美瑛 《物理学报》2009,58(9):6566-6572
报导了不同尺寸的大球缓慢压入颗粒床过程中所受阻力随深度变化的实验测量结果,发现阻力曲线在不同的深度区域有不同的增长规律,存在凹—凸转变.阻力在较浅的区域满足1.3次方的幂率增长,而在较深的区域趋向0.3次方的幂率增长.通过研究凹凸转变中拐点的性质,发现这种阻力增长速度趋缓的转变不是来源于前人认为的器壁支撑导致的介质压强饱和,而是来源于侵入物自身的体积效应.此外,适用于颗粒介质快速阻力的静水压力描述并不适用于阻塞态颗粒介质的慢速阻力行为,实验表明慢速阻力对深度的依赖关系不是线性,且测得的静水压力系数也远大于理论估算值.关键词:颗粒介质阻力力链重组  相似文献   

9.
孙其诚 《物理学报》2015,64(7):76101-076101
颗粒介质具有远程无序和近程有序的结构, 是产生动力学不均匀性(dynamical heterogeneity) 和复杂不可逆过程的根源. 本文分析了颗粒介质的结构特征、变形和能量耗散之间的内在关联, 讨论了颗粒介质的弹性, 提出了流变应变增量、耦合应变增量和弹性应变增量的应变增量分解方式. 沿用非平衡热力学框架, 引入表征运动无序的动理学颗粒温度Tk和表征弹性应力涨落的构型温度Tc, 作为非平衡态变量, 建立了双颗粒温度热力学(two-granular-temperature thermodynamics, TGT理论), 注重分析了不可逆过程中的热力学力和流, 并与著名的砂土内变量热力学进行了对比.  相似文献   

10.
金鑫鑫  金峰  刘宁  孙其诚 《物理学报》2016,65(9):96102-096102
颗粒体系是典型的多体相互作用体系, 具有多重的能量亚稳态. 对于准静态颗粒体系, 引入构型颗粒温度Tc描述弹性势能涨落. 本文认为平衡的体系具有一定的构型颗粒温度Ta, 其量值反映了其结构特征. 当外界扰动激发的构型颗粒温度超出Ta时, 产生不可逆过程. 通过对应力松弛过程的分析, 发现(Tc-Ta)激发了弹性弛豫, 且(Tc-Ta)越大则松弛过程中应力变化越大, 最终构型颗粒温度Tc→Ta时,宏观应力松弛结束,体系达到新的能量亚稳态.  相似文献   

11.
Fe-Ag颗粒膜的光学与磁光尺寸效应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用离子束共溅射的方法分别制备了一系列FexAg1-x(x=18,45,81)颗粒膜样品,经1h真空退火,通过X射线衍射和光学及磁光测量,研究了它们在不同退火温度下的结构和磁光性质.结果表明其磁光效应与颗粒尺寸密切相关.关键词:颗粒膜磁光效应尺寸效应  相似文献   

12.
We study the nearest neighbors one dimensional uniform q-model of force fluctuations in bead packs,(1) a stochastic model to simulate the stress of granular media in two dimensional silos. The vertical coordinate plays the role of time, and the horizontal coordinate the role of space. The process is a discrete time Markov process with state space {1,...,N}. At each layer (time), the weight supported by each grain is a random variable of mean one (its own weight) plus the sum of random fractions of the weights supported by the nearest neighboring grains at the previous layer. The fraction of the weight given to the right neighbor of the successive layer is a uniform random variable in [0, 1] independent of everything. The remaining weight is given to the left neighbor. In the boundaries, a uniform fraction of the weight leans on the wall of the silo. This corresponds to absorbing boundary conditions. For this model we show that there exists a unique invariant measure. The mean weight at site i under the invariant measure is i(N+1–i); we prove that its variance is (i(N+1–i))2+O(N 3) and the covariances between grains ij are of order O(N 3). Moreover, as N, the law under the invariant measure of the weights divided by N 2 around site (integer part of) rN, r(0, 1), converges to a product of gamma distributions with parameters 2 and 2(r(1–r))–1 (sum of two exponentials of mean r(1–r)/2). Liu et al. (2) proved that for a silo with infinitely many weightless grains, any product of gamma distributions with parameters 2 and 2/ with [0, ) are invariant. Our result shows that as the silo grows, the model selects exactly one of these Gamma's at each macroscopic place.  相似文献   

13.
    
Highly chemically ordered L10 FePtX–Y nano‐granular films with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are key media approaches for future heat‐assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). They are sputtered at elevated temperature on glass disks coated with adhesion, heat sink, and texturing layers. Adding X = Ag reduces the required deposition temperature and X = Cu lowers the Curie temperature. Current seed layers are NiTa for adhesion and heat sink and well‐oriented MgO (002) layers for highly textured FePtX(002) grains surrounded by Y = carbon and/or other segregants. Magnetic anisotropies larger than 4.5 × 107 erg cm−3 and coercivities beyond 5 Tesla have been achieved. The combination of thermal conductivity and Curie temperature determines the required laser power during recording. Key goals are to optimize media, heads, head‐disk‐spacing, and read‐back channels to extend the areal density to 1.5–5 Tb in−2. Head and media in heat‐assisted magnetic recording1. LD, laser diode; TFC, thermal fluctuation control; NFT, near field transducer. 1Lidu Huang et al., “HAMR Thermal Modeling Including Media Hot Spot”, APMRC 2012.
  相似文献   

14.
Ignacio G. Tejada 《Physica A》2011,390(14):2664-2677
A new statistical mechanics approach to dense granular media is presented. The thermodynamic formalism is set out directly in terms of elastic potential energy, such that the configurational temperature (the intensive property which defines the steady state) relates to a quadratic function of the stresses (rather than other linear functions used in recent developments). Dense granular media are considered as canonical ensembles of noninteracting clusters, which can be identified with repeatable equilibrium configurations. Then, particles can be located in a new proposed phase space (conceived to separate the elastic potential energy levels). Although the importance of this paper lies in the method itself, it has been illustratively applied to the simple case of two-dimensional (2D) dense granular media (an arrangement of frictionless monodisperse elastic disks under isotropic horizontal stress compression). In this case, the temperature is directly replaced by the squared external pressure, and the packing ratio of the most probable microstate is close to the reported value of random close packing. Moreover, some interesting general conclusions arise.  相似文献   

15.
    
The atomistic simulations in this article substantiate that grain boundary stress fields remain unaffected by changes in their area, aligning with the Olson–Cohen theory which supports that such area insensitivity is an inherent outcome of the combined effect of coherency and anti-coherency dislocations. Twist grain boundaries are employed in α-iron as a model in atomistic simulations, revealing and contrasting the dislocations and stresses of these grain boundaries when their area varies from infinity to a few square nanometers. It is discovered that the grain boundary stresses remain relatively constant, always short-ranged. Furthermore, within the framework of the Frank–Bilby equation, the line directions and spacing of coherency and anti-coherency dislocation arrays in a grain boundary are predicted, the stresses of these dislocations are subsequently calculated numerically, and these stresses are superimposed together to form the grain boundary stress field. The numerical calculations verify that stress fields of grain boundaries are not sensitive to changes of their area, corroborating our atomistic simulations. The preliminary atomistic simulations of various homophase and heterophase boundaries further affirm this area insensitivity.  相似文献   

16.
陈琼  王青花  赵闯  张祺  厚美瑛 《物理学报》2015,64(15):154502-154502
通过直剪实验和离散元模拟, 研究掺杂了橡胶软球的玻璃体系的力学响应. 改变颗粒固体中橡胶颗粒的含量, 研究体系剪切强度以及剪胀变化等特性, 发现随着橡胶颗粒的增加, 会出现剪胀到剪缩的相转变现象, 且混合颗粒固体的弹性有了很大的提高. 实验研究发现, 随着体系中橡胶颗粒含量的增加, 剪切屈服强度值逐渐减小, 体积发生从剪胀到剪缩的相转变现象, 但临界剪切强度在一定橡胶颗粒含量范围内保持一致; 实验所采取的剪切速率下, 应力应变曲线能较好重合, 即实验处于率无关区域; 混合样品的屈服强度值随正压力的增大而增大. 离散元模拟也得到了上述结果, 另外模拟还发现, 随着橡胶颗粒含量的增加, 颗粒的平均配位数增大; 橡胶颗粒含量和正压力对剪胀-剪缩相转变的位置有影响, 橡胶颗粒含量较小时, 在较大的正压力下易发生相转变现象, 且剪胀-剪缩相转变点对应的平均配位数在5.6-5.9之间; 在橡胶颗粒含量小于30%时, 混合颗粒样品的残剪强度与不掺杂的颗粒体系相近; 大于30%时, 残剪强度随橡胶颗粒含量的增加而减小; 残剪强度随正压力加大而增加.  相似文献   

17.
张祺  李寅阊  刘锐  蒋亦民  厚美瑛 《物理学报》2012,61(23):301-307
建立了声波监测系统,探测颗粒体系在直剪过程中声速与剪切应力的变化关系.发现声速在剪切开始后随着剪切应力的增加会迅速减小.而在应力达到屈服点之后,声速变化逐渐变缓并趋近于一个稳定值.剪切作用对声速变化的影响小于20%,而非所预测由于剪切带的形成,声波(尤其是横向波)的振动无法通过剪切带而使得探测的飞行速度变为零.这是由于直剪的应变率甚低于声波的频率,直剪的颗粒体系可被视为局部区域膨胀的准静态的弹塑固体.结合等效介质理论和颗粒弹性理论对以上结果进行了解释和讨论.  相似文献   

18.
The superconducting transition temperature and grain size of dc sputtered Nb films are systematically investigated. The results show that the superconductivity is closely related to the grain size, rather than to the scattering strength of electrons or the surface layer proximity effect of the films. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB-91304), and the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences Contributed by ZHANG DianLin  相似文献   

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